diff --git a/src/llama_stack/core/access_control/access_control.py b/src/llama_stack/core/access_control/access_control.py
index bde5cfd76..944913272 100644
--- a/src/llama_stack/core/access_control/access_control.py
+++ b/src/llama_stack/core/access_control/access_control.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 from typing import Any
 
 from llama_stack.core.datatypes import User
+from llama_stack.log import get_logger
 
 from .conditions import (
     Condition,
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@ from .datatypes import (
     Scope,
 )
 
+logger = get_logger(name=__name__, category="core::auth")
+
 
 def matches_resource(resource_scope: str, actual_resource: str) -> bool:
     if resource_scope == actual_resource:
@@ -74,35 +77,63 @@ def is_action_allowed(
     resource: ProtectedResource,
     user: User | None,
 ) -> bool:
+    qualified_resource_id = f"{resource.type}::{resource.identifier}"
+    decision = False
+    reason = ""
+    index = -1
+
     # If user is not set, assume authentication is not enabled
     if not user:
-        return True
+        decision = True
+        reason = "no auth"
+    else:
+        if not len(policy):
+            policy = default_policy()
 
-    if not len(policy):
-        policy = default_policy()
+        for index, rule in enumerate(policy):  # noqa: B007
+            if rule.forbid and matches_scope(rule.forbid, action, qualified_resource_id, user.principal):
+                if rule.when:
+                    if matches_conditions(parse_conditions(as_list(rule.when)), resource, user):
+                        decision = False
+                        reason = rule.description or ""
+                        break
+                elif rule.unless:
+                    if not matches_conditions(parse_conditions(as_list(rule.unless)), resource, user):
+                        decision = False
+                        reason = rule.description or ""
+                        break
+                else:
+                    decision = False
+                    reason = rule.description or ""
+                    break
+            elif rule.permit and matches_scope(rule.permit, action, qualified_resource_id, user.principal):
+                if rule.when:
+                    if matches_conditions(parse_conditions(as_list(rule.when)), resource, user):
+                        decision = True
+                        reason = rule.description or ""
+                        break
+                elif rule.unless:
+                    if not matches_conditions(parse_conditions(as_list(rule.unless)), resource, user):
+                        decision = True
+                        reason = rule.description or ""
+                        break
+                else:
+                    decision = True
+                    reason = rule.description or ""
+                    break
+        else:
+            reason = "no matching rule"
+            index = -1
 
-    qualified_resource_id = f"{resource.type}::{resource.identifier}"
-    for rule in policy:
-        if rule.forbid and matches_scope(rule.forbid, action, qualified_resource_id, user.principal):
-            if rule.when:
-                if matches_conditions(parse_conditions(as_list(rule.when)), resource, user):
-                    return False
-            elif rule.unless:
-                if not matches_conditions(parse_conditions(as_list(rule.unless)), resource, user):
-                    return False
-            else:
-                return False
-        elif rule.permit and matches_scope(rule.permit, action, qualified_resource_id, user.principal):
-            if rule.when:
-                if matches_conditions(parse_conditions(as_list(rule.when)), resource, user):
-                    return True
-            elif rule.unless:
-                if not matches_conditions(parse_conditions(as_list(rule.unless)), resource, user):
-                    return True
-            else:
-                return True
-    # assume access is denied unless we find a rule that permits access
-    return False
+    # print apprived or denied
+    decision_str = "APPROVED" if decision else "DENIED"
+    user_str = user.principal if user else "none"
+    logger.debug(
+        f"AUTHZ,decision={decision_str},user={user_str},"
+        f"resource_id={qualified_resource_id},action={action},"
+        f"rule_index={index},reason={reason!r}"
+    )
+    return decision
 
 
 class AccessDeniedError(RuntimeError):