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{"id": "573173d8497a881900248f0c", "answers": {"text": ["84%"], "answer_start": [468]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life ranks Egypt as the fifth worst country in the world for religious freedom. The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, a bipartisan independent agency of the US government, has placed Egypt on its watch list of countries that require close monitoring due to the nature and extent of violations of religious freedom engaged in or tolerated by the government. According to a 2010 Pew Global Attitudes survey, 84% of Egyptians polled supported the death penalty for those who leave Islam; 77% supported whippings and cutting off of hands for theft and robbery; and 82% support stoning a person who commits adultery.\nQuestion: What percentage of Egyptians polled support death penalty for those leaving Islam? Answer:", "completion": "84%"}
{"id": "57277e815951b619008f8b52", "answers": {"text": ["books"], "answer_start": [402]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum is located in a renovated and expanded historic downtown fire station. Multiple art galleries exist in the city, notably in the downtown area and around the University of Michigan campus. Aside from a large restaurant scene in the Main Street, South State Street, and South University Avenue areas, Ann Arbor ranks first among U.S. cities in the number of booksellers and books sold per capita. The Ann Arbor District Library maintains four branch outlets in addition to its main downtown building. The city is also home to the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library.\nQuestion: Ann Arbor ranks 1st among what goods sold? Answer:", "completion": "books"}
{"id": "5727e2483acd2414000deef0", "answers": {"text": ["the executive"], "answer_start": [612]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? Constitutional economics is the study of the compatibility of economic and financial decisions within existing constitutional law frameworks, and such a framework includes government spending on the judiciary, which, in many transitional and developing countries, is completely controlled by the executive. It is useful to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: corruption by the executive branch, in contrast to corruption by private actors.\nQuestion: In developing countries, who makes most of the spending decisions? Answer:", "completion": "the executive"}
{"id": "5728f5716aef0514001548cc", "answers": {"text": ["Anjiro"], "answer_start": [160]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled \"Yajiro\"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decision to go to Japan in part because this low-ranking samurai convinced him in Portuguese that the Japanese people were highly educated and eager to learn. They were hard workers and respectful of authority. In their laws and customs they were led by reason, and, should the Christian faith convince them of its truth, they would accept it en masse.\nQuestion: Who impressed Xavier by taking notes in church? Answer:", "completion": "Anjiro"}
{"id": "572826002ca10214002d9f16", "answers": {"text": ["loops"], "answer_start": [489]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Groups are also applied in many other mathematical areas. Mathematical objects are often examined by associating groups to them and studying the properties of the corresponding groups. For example, Henri Poincaré founded what is now called algebraic topology by introducing the fundamental group. By means of this connection, topological properties such as proximity and continuity translate into properties of groups.i[›] For example, elements of the fundamental group are represented by loops. The second image at the right shows some loops in a plane minus a point. The blue loop is considered null-homotopic (and thus irrelevant), because it can be continuously shrunk to a point. The presence of the hole prevents the orange loop from being shrunk to a point. The fundamental group of the plane with a point deleted turns out to be infinite cyclic, generated by the orange loop (or any other loop winding once around the hole). This way, the fundamental group detects the hole.\nQuestion: What represents elements of the fundamental group? Answer:", "completion": "loops"}
{"id": "572692f4f1498d1400e8e437", "answers": {"text": ["2.2 billion"], "answer_start": [201]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Most former British colonies and protectorates are among the 53 member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, a non-political, voluntary association of equal members, comprising a population of around 2.2 billion people. Sixteen Commonwealth realms voluntarily continue to share the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, as their head of state. These sixteen nations are distinct and equal legal entities – the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu.\nQuestion: What is the population of the Commonwealth? Answer:", "completion": "2.2 billion"}
{"id": "57324e38e17f3d1400422823", "answers": {"text": ["Military Governor of the U.S. Occupation Zone"], "answer_start": [71]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Following the German unconditional surrender, Eisenhower was appointed Military Governor of the U.S. Occupation Zone, based at the IG Farben Building in Frankfurt am Main. He had no responsibility for the other three zones, controlled by Britain, France and the Soviet Union, except for the city of Berlin, which was managed by the Four-Power Authorities through the Allied Kommandatura as the governing body. Upon discovery of the Nazi concentration camps, he ordered camera crews to document evidence of the atrocities in them for use in the Nuremberg Trials. He reclassified German prisoners of war (POWs) in U.S. custody as Disarmed Enemy Forces (DEFs), who were no longer subject to the Geneva Convention. Eisenhower followed the orders laid down by the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) in directive JCS 1067, but softened them by bringing in 400,000 tons of food for civilians and allowing more fraternization. In response to the devastation in Germany, including food shortages and an influx of refugees, he arranged distribution of American food and medical equipment. His actions reflected the new American attitudes of the German people as Nazi victims not villains, while aggressively purging the ex-Nazis.\nQuestion: What was Eisenhower's title after Germany's surrender? Answer:", "completion": "Military Governor of the U.S. Occupation Zone"}
{"id": "56f8fa3c9b226e1400dd1212", "answers": {"text": ["the brown men"], "answer_start": [32]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: These regions were occupied by \"the brown men,\" with the yellow in the Far East and the black in Africa. The color issue was not settled until Kenya became independent in 1963, ending the last vestige of the British Empire.\nQuestion: These regions were occupied by who? Answer:", "completion": "the brown men"}
{"id": "57342ac5d058e614000b6a8a", "answers": {"text": ["resources could be targeted to the communities at greatest risk"], "answer_start": [782]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: There is usually an indication for a specific identification of an infectious agent only when such identification can aid in the treatment or prevention of the disease, or to advance knowledge of the course of an illness prior to the development of effective therapeutic or preventative measures. For example, in the early 1980s, prior to the appearance of AZT for the treatment of AIDS, the course of the disease was closely followed by monitoring the composition of patient blood samples, even though the outcome would not offer the patient any further treatment options. In part, these studies on the appearance of HIV in specific communities permitted the advancement of hypotheses as to the route of transmission of the virus. By understanding how the disease was transmitted, resources could be targeted to the communities at greatest risk in campaigns aimed at reducing the number of new infections. The specific serological diagnostic identification, and later genotypic or molecular identification, of HIV also enabled the development of hypotheses as to the temporal and geographical origins of the virus, as well as a myriad of other hypothesis. The development of molecular diagnostic tools have enabled physicians and researchers to monitor the efficacy of treatment with anti-retroviral drugs. Molecular diagnostics are now commonly used to identify HIV in healthy people long before the onset of illness and have been used to demonstrate the existence of people who are genetically resistant to HIV infection. Thus, while there still is no cure for AIDS, there is great therapeutic and predictive benefit to identifying the virus and monitoring the virus levels within the blood of infected individuals, both for the patient and for the community at large.\nQuestion: What could be done by understanding how the disease was transmitted? Answer:", "completion": "resources could be targeted to the communities at greatest risk"}
{"id": "5729a5f51d046914007795a5", "answers": {"text": ["honey ants"], "answer_start": [387]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Scarab beetles held religious and cultural symbolism in Old Egypt, Greece and some shamanistic Old World cultures. The ancient Chinese regarded cicadas as symbols of rebirth or immortality. In Mesopotamian literature, the epic poem of Gilgamesh has allusions to Odonata which signify the impossibility of immortality. Amongst the Aborigines of Australia of the Arrernte language groups, honey ants and witchety grubs served as personal clan totems. In the case of the 'San' bush-men of the Kalahari, it is the praying mantis which holds much cultural significance including creation and zen-like patience in waiting.:9\nQuestion: What kind of ants are symbolic among the Australian Aborigines? Answer:", "completion": "honey ants"}
{"id": "57270aeaf1498d1400e8f27f", "answers": {"text": ["The Cossacks"], "answer_start": [233]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In July 1855, the allied squadron tried to go past Taganrog to Rostov on Don, entering the Don River through the Mius River. On 12 July 1855 HMS Jasper grounded near Taganrog thanks to a fisherman who moved buoys into shallow water. The Cossacks captured the gunboat with all of its guns and blew it up. The third siege attempt was made 19–31 August 1855, but the city was already fortified and the squadron could not approach close enough for landing operations. The allied fleet left the Gulf of Taganrog on the 2nd September 1855, with minor military operations along the Azov Sea coast continuing until late autumn 1855.\nQuestion: Who blew up the HMS Jasper? Answer:", "completion": "The Cossacks"}
{"id": "572a1bcf3f37b319004786dc", "answers": {"text": ["verdigris"], "answer_start": [324]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Romans had a greater appreciation for the color green; it was the color of Venus, the goddess of gardens, vegetables and vineyards.The Romans made a fine green earth pigment, which was widely used in the wall paintings of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Lyon, Vaison-la-Romaine, and other Roman cities. They also used the pigment verdigris, made by soaking copper plates in fermenting wine. By the Second Century AD, the Romans were using green in paintings, mosaics and glass, and there were ten different words in Latin for varieties of green.\nQuestion: What pigment was made by soaking copper plates in fermenting wine? Answer:", "completion": "verdigris"}
{"id": "56e76d0b00c9c71400d7711c", "answers": {"text": ["1970s"], "answer_start": [7]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the 1970s the US Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) found a reduction of 10% to 13% in Washington, D.C.'s violent crime rate during DST. However, the LEAA did not filter out other factors, and it examined only two cities and found crime reductions only in one and only in some crime categories; the DOT decided it was \"impossible to conclude with any confidence that comparable benefits would be found nationwide\". Outdoor lighting has a marginal and sometimes even contradictory influence on crime and fear of crime.\nQuestion: In what decade did the LEAA conduct their investigation of crime and DST? Answer:", "completion": "1970s"}
{"id": "56e10dbdcd28a01900c674e4", "answers": {"text": ["Sun Jiadong"], "answer_start": [617]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The ranging signals are based on the CDMA principle and have complex structure typical of Galileo or modernized GPS. Similar to the other GNSS, there will be two levels of positioning service: open and restricted (military). The public service shall be available globally to general users. When all the currently planned GNSS systems are deployed, the users will benefit from the use of a total constellation of 75+ satellites, which will significantly improve all the aspects of positioning, especially availability of the signals in so-called urban canyons. The general designer of the COMPASS navigation system is Sun Jiadong, who is also the general designer of its predecessor, the original BeiDou navigation system.\nQuestion: Who designed the COMPASS navigation system? Answer:", "completion": "Sun Jiadong"}
{"id": "5727be06ff5b5019007d93fd", "answers": {"text": ["House Master"], "answer_start": [61]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The primary responsibility for a boy's studies lies with his House Master, but he is assisted by an additional director of studies, known as a tutor. Classes, colloquially known as \"divs\" (divisions), are organised on a School basis; the classrooms are separate from the houses. New school buildings have appeared for teaching purposes every decade or so since New Schools, designed by Henry Woodyer and built 1861-3. Despite the introduction of modern technology, the external appearance and locations of many of the classrooms have remained unchanged for a long time.\nQuestion: With whom does the primary responsibility for a student's leaning lie? Answer:", "completion": "House Master"}
{"id": "570df0740b85d914000d7c18", "answers": {"text": ["nine"], "answer_start": [473]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is another notable aspect of cognitive development during adolescence. For example, adolescents find it easier than children to comprehend the sorts of higher-order abstract logic inherent in puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies. Their increased facility permits them to appreciate the ways in which language can be used to convey multiple messages, such as satire, metaphor, and sarcasm. (Children younger than age nine often cannot comprehend sarcasm at all.) This also permits the application of advanced reasoning and logical processes to social and ideological matters such as interpersonal relationships, politics, philosophy, religion, morality, friendship, faith, democracy, fairness, and honesty.\nQuestion: Children under what age often cannot comprehend sarcasm? Answer:", "completion": "nine"}
{"id": "572835282ca10214002da0c8", "answers": {"text": ["echiurans and sipunculan"], "answer_start": [385]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In addition to re-writing the classification of annelids and 3 previously independent phyla, the molecular phylogenetics analyses undermine the emphasis that decades of previous writings placed on the importance of segmentation in the classification of invertebrates. Polychaetes, which these analyses found to be the parent group, have completely segmented bodies, while polychaetes' echiurans and sipunculan offshoots are not segmented and pogonophores are segmented only in the rear parts of their bodies. It now seems that segmentation can appear and disappear much more easily in the course of evolution than was previously thought. The 2007 study also noted that the ladder-like nervous system, which is associated with segmentation, is less universal previously thought in both annelids and arthropods.[n 2]\nQuestion: What offshoots of polychaetes are unsegmented? Answer:", "completion": "echiurans and sipunculan"}
{"id": "5727e8e73acd2414000def87", "answers": {"text": ["Religion"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Religion is extremely important to the Tibetans and has a strong influence over all aspects of their lives. Bön is the ancient religion of Tibet, but has been almost eclipsed by Tibetan Buddhism, a distinctive form of Mahayana and Vajrayana, which was introduced into Tibet from the Sanskrit Buddhist tradition of northern India. Tibetan Buddhism is practiced not only in Tibet but also in Mongolia, parts of northern India, the Buryat Republic, the Tuva Republic, and in the Republic of Kalmykia and some other parts of China. During China's Cultural Revolution, nearly all Tibet's monasteries were ransacked and destroyed by the Red Guards. A few monasteries have begun to rebuild since the 1980s (with limited support from the Chinese government) and greater religious freedom has been granted – although it is still limited. Monks returned to monasteries across Tibet and monastic education resumed even though the number of monks imposed is strictly limited. Before the 1950s, between 10 and 20% of males in Tibet were monks.\nQuestion: What has a strong influence over all aspect of Tibetans lives? Answer:", "completion": "Religion"}
{"id": "57341fdd4776f419006618d5", "answers": {"text": ["paralyzes muscles"], "answer_start": [273]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases toxins that produce shock and sepsis. Not all infectious agents cause disease in all hosts. For example, less than 5% of individuals infected with polio develop disease. On the other hand, some infectious agents are highly virulent. The prion causing mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease invariably kills all animals and people that are infected.\nQuestion: What does the of toxin Clostridium tetani releases do? Answer:", "completion": "paralyzes muscles"}
{"id": "56dde6309a695914005b9692", "answers": {"text": ["tituli"], "answer_start": [316]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning \"principal\" or \"chief\". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome. The Church of England retains an instance of this origin of the title, which is held by the two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St Paul's Cathedral.\nQuestion: The Church of England uses what term that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St. Pauls Catherdral? Answer:", "completion": "tituli"}
{"id": "56d36db659d6e41400146378", "answers": {"text": ["CBS Television City"], "answer_start": [44]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The finals are broadcast in prime time from CBS Television City in Los Angeles, in front of a live studio audience. The finals lasted eight weeks in season one, eleven weeks in subsequent seasons until seasons ten and eleven which lasted twelve weeks except for season twelve, which lasted ten weeks, and season thirteen, which lasted for thirteen weeks. Each finalist performs songs based on a weekly theme which may be a musical genre such as Motown, disco, or big band, songs by artists such as Michael Jackson, Elvis Presley or The Beatles, or more general themes such as Billboard Number 1 hits or songs from the contestant's year of birth. Contestants usually work with a celebrity mentor related to the theme. In season ten, Jimmy Iovine was brought in as a mentor for the season. Initially the contestants sing one song each week, but this is increased to two songs from top four or five onwards, then three songs for the top two or three.\nQuestion: Where studio hosts the live final rounds on American Idol? Answer:", "completion": "CBS Television City"}
{"id": "572962d53f37b31900478302", "answers": {"text": ["1720 and 1734"], "answer_start": [605]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000. From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.\nQuestion: During what years did Austria rule Palermo? Answer:", "completion": "1720 and 1734"}
{"id": "573424434776f41900661941", "answers": {"text": ["1,032,949"], "answer_start": [77]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new century, growth was mainly concentrated in Montana's seven largest counties, with the highest percentage growth in Gallatin County, which saw a 32 percent increase in its population from 2000-2010. The city seeing the largest percentage growth was Kalispell with 40.1 percent, and the city with the largest increase in actual residents was Billings with an increase in population of 14,323 from 2000-2010.\nQuestion: What was the population of the state in 2015? Answer:", "completion": "1,032,949"}
{"id": "5725187a0ba9f01400d97c57", "answers": {"text": ["the three grades of medieval craft guilds"], "answer_start": [290]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Freemasonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. The degrees of freemasonry retain the three grades of medieval craft guilds, those of Apprentice, Journeyman or fellow (now called Fellowcraft), and Master Mason. These are the degrees offered by Craft (or Blue Lodge) Freemasonry. Members of these organisations are known as Freemasons or Masons. There are additional degrees, which vary with locality and jurisdiction, and are usually administered by different bodies than the craft degrees.\nQuestion: Where did the degrees of Freemasonry derived from? Answer:", "completion": "the three grades of medieval craft guilds"}
{"id": "56f993459e9bad19000a0afc", "answers": {"text": ["Zhejiang"], "answer_start": [27]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Since ancient times, north Zhejiang and neighbouring south Jiangsu have been famed for their prosperity and opulence[citation needed], and simply inserting north Zhejiang place names (Hangzhou, Jiaxing, etc.) into poetry gave an effect of dreaminess, a practice followed by many noted poets. In particular, the fame of Hangzhou (as well as Suzhou in neighbouring Jiangsu province) has led to the popular saying: \"Above there is heaven; below there is Suzhou and Hangzhou\" (上有天堂，下有苏杭), a saying that continues to be a source of pride for the people of these two still prosperous cities.\nQuestion: What neighbours south Jiangsu to the north? Answer:", "completion": "Zhejiang"}
{"id": "57338992d058e614000b5cd8", "answers": {"text": ["over 70"], "answer_start": [132]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: French cuisine, West Indian cuisine, Creole cuisine, Italian cuisine and Asian cuisine are common in St. Barthélemy. The island has over 70 restaurants serving many dishes and others are a significant number of gourmet restaurants; many of the finest restaurants are located in the hotels. There are also a number of snack restaurants which the French call \"les snacks\" or \"les petits creux\" which include sandwiches, pizzas and salads. West Indian cuisine, steamed vegetables with fresh fish is common; Creole dishes tend to be spicier. The island hosts gastronomic events throughout the year, with dishes such as spring roll of shrimp and bacon, fresh grilled lobster, Chinese noodle salad with coconut milk, and grilled beef fillet etc.\nQuestion: How many restaurants does the island have? Answer:", "completion": "over 70"}
{"id": "57295d901d04691400779335", "answers": {"text": ["German Football Federation"], "answer_start": [248]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Sport forms an integral part of German life, as demonstrated by the fact that 27 million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue such an activity individually. Football is by far the most popular sport, and the German Football Federation (Deutscher Fußballbund) with more than 6.3 million members is the largest athletic organisation in the country. It also attracts the greatest audience, with hundreds of thousands of spectators attending Bundesliga matches and millions more watching on television.\nQuestion: What is the largest athletic organisation in the country? Answer:", "completion": "German Football Federation"}
{"id": "57281e1d4b864d19001644cf", "answers": {"text": ["Japan"], "answer_start": [405]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: At its press conference at the 2007 Tokyo Game Show, Sony announced DualShock 3 (trademarked DUALSHOCK 3), a PlayStation 3 controller with the same function and design as Sixaxis, but with vibration capability included. Hands-on accounts describe the controller as being noticeably heavier than the standard Sixaxis controller and capable of vibration forces comparable to DualShock 2. It was released in Japan on November 11, 2007; in North America on April 5, 2008; in Australia on April 24, 2008; in New Zealand on May 9, 2008; in mainland Europe on July 2, 2008, and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on July 4, 2008.\nQuestion: What was the first country to be able to buy the new DualShock 3 in stores? Answer:", "completion": "Japan"}
{"id": "5730f4a1497a881900248aa7", "answers": {"text": ["150 to 300 mm"], "answer_start": [291]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Namibia extends from 17°S to 25°S: climatically the range of the sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt, arid is the overall climate description descending from the Sub-Humid (mean rain above 500 mm) through Semi-Arid between 300 and 500 mm (embracing most of the waterless Kalahari) and Arid from 150 to 300 mm (these three regions are inland from the western escarpment) to the Hyper-Arid coastal plain with less than a 100 mm mean. Temperature maxima are limited by the overall elevation of the entire region: only in the far south, Warmbad for instance, are mid-40 °C maxima recorded.\nQuestion: What is the arid measurement in Namibia? Answer:", "completion": "150 to 300 mm"}
{"id": "573075b12461fd1900a9ce27", "answers": {"text": ["2003"], "answer_start": [179]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Several websites assert that Israel is the 51st state due to the annual funding and defense support it receives from the United States. An example of this concept can be found in 2003 when Martine Rothblatt published a book called Two Stars for Peace that argued for the addition of Israel and the Palestinian territories surrounding it as the 51st state in the Union. The American State of Canaan, is a book published by Prof. Alfred de Grazia, political science and sociologist, in March 2009, proposing the creation of the 51st and 52nd states from Israel and the Palestinian territories.\nQuestion: When was Two Stars for Peace published? Answer:", "completion": "2003"}
{"id": "573386274776f41900660c91", "answers": {"text": ["process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests"], "answer_start": [57]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In fact, process theology is difficult to define because process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests. John B. Cobb, Jr. is a process theologian who has also written books on biology and economics. Roland Faber and Catherine Keller integrate Whitehead with poststructuralist, postcolonialist, and feminist theory. Charles Birch was both a theologian and a geneticist. Franklin I. Gamwell writes on theology and political theory. In Syntheism - Creating God in The Internet Age, futurologists Alexander Bard and Jan Söderqvist repeatedly credit Whitehead for the process theology they see rising out of the participatory culture expected to dominate the digital era.\nQuestion: Why is there difficulty in defining process theology ? Answer:", "completion": "process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests"}
{"id": "56e4756e8c00841900fbaf9c", "answers": {"text": ["both popularity and skepticism"], "answer_start": [119]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of \"function\" in place of Vitruvius' \"utility\". \"Function\" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.\nQuestion: What were the reactions to the idea that function should come before other concerns? Answer:", "completion": "both popularity and skepticism"}
{"id": "570e334b0b85d914000d7d3a", "answers": {"text": ["exceeds 2%"], "answer_start": [253]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: However, Eritrea still faces many challenges. Despite number of physicians increasing from only 0.2 in 1993 to 0.5 in 2004 per 1000 population, this is still very low. Malaria and tuberculosis are common in Eritrea. HIV prevalence among the 15–49 group exceeds 2%. The fertility rate is at about 5 births per woman. Maternal mortality dropped by more than half from 1995 to 2002, although the figure is still high. Similarly, between 1995 and 2002, the number of births attended by skilled health personnel has doubled but still is only 28.3%. A major cause of death in neonates is by severe infection. Per capita expenditure on health is low in Eritrea.\nQuestion: How prevalent is HIV among the 15-49 age group in Eritrea? Answer:", "completion": "exceeds 2%"}
{"id": "57266bc1708984140094c572", "answers": {"text": ["1763"], "answer_start": [207]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The British and French struggles in India became but one theatre of the global Seven Years' War (1756–1763) involving France, Britain and the other major European powers. The signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763) had important consequences for the future of the British Empire. In North America, France's future as a colonial power there was effectively ended with the recognition of British claims to Rupert's Land, and the ceding of New France to Britain (leaving a sizeable French-speaking population under British control) and Louisiana to Spain. Spain ceded Florida to Britain. Along with its victory over France in India, the Seven Years' War therefore left Britain as the world's most powerful maritime power.\nQuestion: When was the Treaty of Paris? Answer:", "completion": "1763"}
{"id": "5727dae42ca10214002d981c", "answers": {"text": ["Mark Dybul"], "answer_start": [131]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Slow progress has led to frustration, expressed by executive director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria – Mark Dybul: \"we have the tools to end TB as a pandemic and public health threat on the planet, but we are not doing it.\" Several international organizations are pushing for more transparency in treatment, and more countries are implementing mandatory reporting of cases to the government, although adherence is often sketchy. Commercial treatment-providers may at times overprescribe second-line drugs as well as supplementary treatment, promoting demands for further regulations. The government of Brazil provides universal TB-care, which reduces this problem. Conversely, falling rates of TB-infection may not relate to the number of programs directed at reducing infection rates, but may be tied to increased level of education, income and health of the population. Costs of the disease, as calculated by the World Bank in 2009 may exceed 150 billion USD per year in \"high burden\" countries. Lack of progress eradicating the disease may also be due to lack of patient follow-up – as among the 250M rural migrants in China.\nQuestion: What member of leadership at the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria called TB a \"pandemic\"? Answer:", "completion": "Mark Dybul"}
{"id": "570ffadea58dae1900cd67a4", "answers": {"text": ["From at least the late nineteenth century"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: From at least the late nineteenth century in Europe, there was speculation that the range of human sexual response looked more like a continuum than two or three discrete categories. Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual). A heterosexual individual may be A0, B5; a homosexual individual may be A5, B0; an asexual would be A0, B0; and someone with an intense attraction to both sexes would be A9, B9.\nQuestion: When did the questioning of human sexual responses begin? Answer:", "completion": "From at least the late nineteenth century"}
{"id": "572685f55951b619008f757d", "answers": {"text": ["NASCAR (headquartered in Daytona Beach) begins all three of its major auto racing series in Florida at Daytona International Speedway in February"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: NASCAR (headquartered in Daytona Beach) begins all three of its major auto racing series in Florida at Daytona International Speedway in February, featuring the Daytona 500, and ends all three Series in November at Homestead-Miami Speedway. Daytona also has the Coke Zero 400 NASCAR race weekend around Independence Day in July. The 24 Hours of Daytona is one of the world's most prestigious endurance auto races. The Grand Prix of St. Petersburg and Grand Prix of Miami have held IndyCar races as well.\nQuestion: What is headquartered in Daytona Answer:", "completion": "NASCAR (headquartered in Daytona Beach) begins all three of its major auto racing series in Florida at Daytona International Speedway in February"}
{"id": "5726c6f1dd62a815002e8ff7", "answers": {"text": ["Scuba"], "answer_start": [300]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Bermuda's pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters are popular with tourists. Many of Bermuda's hotels are located along the south shore of the island. In addition to its beaches, there are a number of sightseeing attractions. Historic St George's is a designated World Heritage Site. Scuba divers can explore numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water (typically 30–40 ft or 9–12 m in depth), with virtually unlimited visibility. Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore by snorkellers, especially at Church Bay.\nQuestion: Bermuda's coral reefs, shipwrecks, and shallow waters are great for what activity in particular? Answer:", "completion": "Scuba"}
{"id": "56e4793839bdeb140034794e", "answers": {"text": ["sustainability"], "answer_start": [135]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.\nQuestion: What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 20th century? Answer:", "completion": "sustainability"}
{"id": "56e1c51ccd28a01900c67b59", "answers": {"text": ["Africa"], "answer_start": [72]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Somalia established its first ISP in 1999, one of the last countries in Africa to get connected to the Internet. According to the telecommunications resource Balancing Act, growth in internet connectivity has since then grown considerably, with around 53% of the entire nation covered as of 2009. Both internet commerce and telephony have consequently become among the quickest growing local businesses.\nQuestion: Somalia was one of the last countries on what continent to get connected tothe internet? Answer:", "completion": "Africa"}
{"id": "57318f8ae6313a140071d09a", "answers": {"text": ["Nasser"], "answer_start": [141]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Gaddafi was a very private individual, who described himself as a \"simple revolutionary\" and \"pious Muslim\" called upon by Allah to continue Nasser's work. Reporter Mirella Bianco found that his friends considered him particularly loyal and generous, and asserted that he adored children. She was told by Gaddafi's father that even as a child he had been \"always serious, even taciturn\", a trait he also exhibited in adulthood. His father said that he was courageous, intelligent, pious, and family oriented.\nQuestion: Whose efforts did Gaddafi see himself as continuing? Answer:", "completion": "Nasser"}
{"id": "57323ce2e17f3d1400422768", "answers": {"text": ["40"], "answer_start": [518]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On 15 December 1944 landings against minimal resistance were made on the southern beaches of the island of Mindoro, a key location in the planned Lingayen Gulf operations, in support of major landings scheduled on Luzon. On 9 January 1945, on the south shore of Lingayen Gulf on the western coast of Luzon, General Krueger's Sixth Army landed his first units. Almost 175,000 men followed across the twenty-mile (32 km) beachhead within a few days. With heavy air support, Army units pushed inland, taking Clark Field, 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Manila, in the last week of January.\nQuestion: Clark field was how many miles northwest of Manila? Answer:", "completion": "40"}
{"id": "5727be744b864d1900163c50", "answers": {"text": ["Richard Owen"], "answer_start": [671]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Chapter X examines whether patterns in the fossil record are better explained by common descent and branching evolution through natural selection, than by the individual creation of fixed species. Darwin expected species to change slowly, but not at the same rate – some organisms such as Lingula were unchanged since the earliest fossils. The pace of natural selection would depend on variability and change in the environment. This distanced his theory from Lamarckian laws of inevitable progress. It has been argued that this anticipated the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis, but other scholars have preferred to emphasise Darwin's commitment to gradualism. He cited Richard Owen's findings that the earliest members of a class were a few simple and generalised species with characteristics intermediate between modern forms, and were followed by increasingly diverse and specialised forms, matching the branching of common descent from an ancestor. Patterns of extinction matched his theory, with related groups of species having a continued existence until extinction, then not reappearing. Recently extinct species were more similar to living species than those from earlier eras, and as he had seen in South America, and William Clift had shown in Australia, fossils from recent geological periods resembled species still living in the same area.\nQuestion: Which scientist theorized that the earliest members of a class in a species were simple and generalized? Answer:", "completion": "Richard Owen"}
{"id": "5731405b497a881900248cf9", "answers": {"text": ["French"], "answer_start": [366]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are \"safe under all conditions of normal use\", and so are classified as \"Class 1 LED product\"/\"LED Klasse 1\". At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so are classified as \"Class 2\". The opinion of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) of 2010, on the health issues concerning LEDs, suggested banning public use of lamps which were in the moderate Risk Group 2, especially those with a high blue component in places frequented by children. In general, laser safety regulations—and the \"Class 1\", \"Class 2\", etc. system—also apply to LEDs.\nQuestion: Which government advocated the banning of Class 2 LEDs? Answer:", "completion": "French"}
{"id": "5706b8b42eaba6190074ac77", "answers": {"text": ["gabber"], "answer_start": [740]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: A new generation of clubs such as Liverpool's Cream and the Ministry of Sound were opened to provide a venue for more commercial sounds. Major record companies began to open \"superclubs\" promoting their own acts. These superclubs entered into sponsorship deals initially with fast food, soft drinks, and clothing companies. Flyers in clubs in Ibiza often sported many corporate logos. A new subgenre, Chicago hard house, was developed by DJs such as Bad Boy Bill, DJ Lynnwood, DJ Irene, Richard \"Humpty\" Vission and DJ Enrie, mixing elements of Chicago house, funky house and hard house together. Additionally, Producers such as George Centeno, Darren Ramirez, and Martin O. Cairo would develop the Los Angeles Hard House sound. Similar to gabber or hardcore techno from the Netherlands, this sound was often associated with the \"rebel\" culture of the time. These 3 producers are often considered \"ahead of their time\" since many of the sounds they engineered during the late 20th century became more prominent during the 21st century.\nQuestion: what was another name for hardcore techno from the netherlands? Answer:", "completion": "gabber"}
{"id": "573051562461fd1900a9cd1d", "answers": {"text": ["open circuited"], "answer_start": [97]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: This is a consequence of Lorentz reciprocity. For an antenna element not connected to anything (open circuited) one can write . But for an element which is short circuited, a current is generated across that short but no voltage is allowed, so the corresponding . This is the case, for instance, with the so-called parasitic elements of a Yagi-Uda antenna where the solid rod can be viewed as a dipole antenna shorted across its feedpoint. Parasitic elements are unpowered elements that absorb and reradiate RF energy according to the induced current calculated using such a system of equations.\nQuestion: a antenna element not connected to anything is circuited how? Answer:", "completion": "open circuited"}
{"id": "57303088a23a5019007fcf36", "answers": {"text": ["King Henry VIII"], "answer_start": [552]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: By the Late Middle Ages, Great Britain was separated into the Kingdoms of England and Scotland. Power in Ireland fluxed between Gaelic kingdoms, Hiberno-Norman lords and the English-dominated Lordship of Ireland. A similar situation existed in the Principality of Wales, which was slowly being annexed into the Kingdom of England by a series of laws. During the course of the 15th century, the Crown of England would assert a claim to the Crown of France, thereby also releasing the King of England as from being vassal of the King of France. In 1534, King Henry VIII, at first having been a strong defender of Roman Catholicism in the face of the Reformation, separated from the Roman Church after failing to secure a divorce from the Pope. His response was to place the King of England as \"the only Supreme Head in Earth of the Church of England\", thereby removing the authority of the Pope from the affairs of the English Church. Ireland, which had been held by the King of England as Lord of Ireland, but which strictly speaking had been a feudal possession of the Pope since the Norman invasion was declared a separate kingdom in personal union with England.\nQuestion: Which king failed to receive a divorce from the Pope in 1534? Answer:", "completion": "King Henry VIII"}
{"id": "5727e0032ca10214002d9888", "answers": {"text": ["3.1"], "answer_start": [326]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The state is among the best in pre-kindergarten education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it a model for early childhood schooling. High school dropout rate decreased from 3.1 to 2.5 percent between 2007 and 2008 with Oklahoma ranked among 18 other states with 3 percent or less dropout rate. In 2004, the state ranked 36th in the nation for the relative number of adults with high school diplomas, though at 85.2 percent, it had the highest rate among southern states.\nQuestion: What was Oklahoma's high school dropout rate in 2007? Answer:", "completion": "3.1"}
{"id": "56fb7d7a8ddada1400cd6479", "answers": {"text": ["Angevin"], "answer_start": [624]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Under the Capetian dynasty France slowly began to expand its authority over the nobility, growing out of the Île-de-France to exert control over more of the country in the 11th and 12th centuries. They faced a powerful rival in the Dukes of Normandy, who in 1066 under William the Conqueror (duke 1035–1087), conquered England (r. 1066–87) and created a cross-channel empire that lasted, in various forms, throughout the rest of the Middle Ages. Normans also settled in Sicily and southern Italy, when Robert Guiscard (d. 1085) landed there in 1059 and established a duchy that later became the Kingdom of Sicily. Under the Angevin dynasty of Henry II (r. 1154–89) and his son Richard I (r. 1189–99), the kings of England ruled over England and large areas of France,[W] brought to the family by Henry II's marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine (d. 1204), heiress to much of southern France.[X] Richard's younger brother John (r. 1199–1216) lost Normandy and the rest of the northern French possessions in 1204 to the French King Philip II Augustus (r. 1180–1223). This led to dissension among the English nobility, while John's financial exactions to pay for his unsuccessful attempts to regain Normandy led in 1215 to Magna Carta, a charter that confirmed the rights and privileges of free men in England. Under Henry III (r. 1216–72), John's son, further concessions were made to the nobility, and royal power was diminished. The French monarchy continued to make gains against the nobility during the late 12th and 13th centuries, bringing more territories within the kingdom under their personal rule and centralising the royal administration. Under Louis IX (r. 1226–70), royal prestige rose to new heights as Louis served as a mediator for most of Europe.[Y]\nQuestion: To what dynasty did Henry II belong? Answer:", "completion": "Angevin"}
{"id": "572eb7dfcb0c0d14000f14af", "answers": {"text": ["leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east"], "answer_start": [148]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Accordingly, leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary, and leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east, Frederick set off with his army for Saxony. The Prussian army marched in three columns. On the right was a column of about 15,000 men under the command of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. On the left was a column of 18,000 men under the command of the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern. In the centre was Frederick II, himself with Field Marshal James Keith commanding a corps of 30,000 troops. Ferdinand of Brunswick was to close in on the town of Chemnitz. The Duke of Brunswick-Bevern was to traverse Lusatia to close in on Bautzen. Meanwhile, Frederick and Field Marshal Keith would make for Dresden.\nQuestion: How did Frederick protect East Prussia when he went to invade Saxony? Answer:", "completion": "leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east"}
{"id": "572fc26a04bcaa1900d76c90", "answers": {"text": ["those educated, considered their ethnicity (genos) to be Hellenic"], "answer_start": [445]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: For those that remained under the Ottoman Empire's millet system, religion was the defining characteristic of national groups (milletler), so the exonym \"Greeks\" (Rumlar from the name Rhomaioi) was applied by the Ottomans to all members of the Orthodox Church, regardless of their language or ethnic origin. The Greek speakers were the only ethnic group to actually call themselves Romioi, (as opposed to being so named by others) and, at least those educated, considered their ethnicity (genos) to be Hellenic. There were, however, many Greeks who escaped the second-class status of Christians inherent in the Ottoman millet system, according to which Muslims were explicitly awarded senior status and preferential treatment. These Greeks either emigrated, particularly to their fellow Greek Orthodox protector, the Russian Empire, or simply converted to Islam, often only very superficially and whilst remaining crypto-Christian. The most notable examples of large-scale conversion to Turkish Islam among those today defined as Greek Muslims - excluding those who had to convert as a matter of course on being recruited through the devshirme - were to be found in Crete (Cretan Turks), Greek Macedonia (for example among the Vallahades of western Macedonia), and among Pontic Greeks in the Pontic Alps and Armenian Highlands. Several Ottoman sultans and princes were also of part Greek origin, with mothers who were either Greek concubines or princesses from Byzantine noble families, one famous example being sultan Selim the Grim, whose mother Gülbahar Hatun was a Pontic Greek.\nQuestion: What did the literate segment of Greeks consider to be a part of their ethic lines ? Answer:", "completion": "those educated, considered their ethnicity (genos) to be Hellenic"}
{"id": "5727baf24b864d1900163bb5", "answers": {"text": ["136"], "answer_start": [402]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was established in 1992, with a planned area of 43 km2 (17 sq mi). The zone is situated 96 kilometers away from Chengdu, and is 8 km (5.0 mi) away from Mianyang Airport. Since its establishment, the zone accumulated 177.4 billion yuan of industrial output, 46.2 billion yuan of gross domestic product, fiscal revenue 6.768 billion yuan. There are more than 136 high-tech enterprises in the zone and they accounted for more than 90% of the total industrial output.\nQuestion: How many high-tech enterprises are present in the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone ? Answer:", "completion": "136"}
{"id": "57324f330fdd8d15006c6958", "answers": {"text": ["MacArthur"], "answer_start": [846]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In June 1943 a visiting politician had suggested to Eisenhower that he might become President of the United States after the war. Believing that a general should not participate in politics, one author later wrote that \"figuratively speaking, [Eisenhower] kicked his political-minded visitor out of his office\". As others asked him about his political future, Eisenhower told one that he could not imagine wanting to be considered for any political job \"from dogcatcher to Grand High Supreme King of the Universe\", and another that he could not serve as Army Chief of Staff if others believed he had political ambitions. In 1945 Truman told Eisenhower during the Potsdam Conference that if desired, the president would help the general win the 1948 election, and in 1947 he offered to run as Eisenhower's running mate on the Democratic ticket if MacArthur won the Republican nomination.\nQuestion: What general was considered a potential Republican presidential candidate in 1948? Answer:", "completion": "MacArthur"}
{"id": "5726a3bf5951b619008f78a3", "answers": {"text": ["13 July 1985"], "answer_start": [32]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: At Live Aid, held at Wembley on 13 July 1985, in front of the biggest-ever TV audience of 1.9 billion, Queen performed some of their greatest hits, during which the sold-out stadium audience of 72,000 people clapped, sang, and swayed in unison. The show's organisers, Bob Geldof and Midge Ure, other musicians such as Elton John, Cliff Richard and Dave Grohl, and music journalists writing for the BBC, CNN, Rolling Stone, MTV, The Telegraph among others, stated that Queen stole the show. An industry poll in 2005 ranked it the greatest rock performance of all time. Mercury's powerful, sustained note during the a cappella section came to be known as \"The Note Heard Round the World\".\nQuestion: What date was Live Aid? Answer:", "completion": "13 July 1985"}
{"id": "572ea780dfa6aa1500f8d25d", "answers": {"text": ["British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful"], "answer_start": [208]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The most important French fort planned was intended to occupy a position at \"the Forks\" where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio River (present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Peaceful British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful, and the French proceeded to build the fort they named Fort Duquesne. British colonial militia from Virginia were then sent to drive them out. Led by George Washington, they ambushed a small French force at Jumonville Glen on 28 May 1754 killing ten, including commander Jumonville. The French retaliated by attacking Washington's army at Fort Necessity on 3 July 1754 and forced Washington to surrender.\nQuestion: Were the British successful in stopping the building of Fort Duquesne? Answer:", "completion": "British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful"}
{"id": "56be97c73aeaaa14008c912a", "answers": {"text": ["2010"], "answer_start": [60]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Beyoncé announced a hiatus from her music career in January 2010, heeding her mother's advice, \"to live life, to be inspired by things again\". During the break she and her father parted ways as business partners. Beyoncé's musical break lasted nine months and saw her visit multiple European cities, the Great Wall of China, the Egyptian pyramids, Australia, English music festivals and various museums and ballet performances.\nQuestion: Beyonce would take a break from music in which year? Answer:", "completion": "2010"}
{"id": "572f8ddea23a5019007fc737", "answers": {"text": ["Italian"], "answer_start": [259]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Differences in pain perception and tolerance thresholds are associated with, among other factors, ethnicity, genetics, and sex. People of Mediterranean origin report as painful some radiant heat intensities that northern Europeans describe as nonpainful. And Italian women tolerate less intense electric shock than Jewish or Native American women. Some individuals in all cultures have significantly higher than normal pain perception and tolerance thresholds. For instance, patients who experience painless heart attacks have higher pain thresholds for electric shock, muscle cramp and heat.\nQuestion: What nationality can tolerate the least amount of electric shock? Answer:", "completion": "Italian"}
{"id": "56d003cd234ae51400d9c257", "answers": {"text": ["12.21 million"], "answer_start": [446]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Forty of the city's theaters, with more than 500 seats each, are collectively known as Broadway, after the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square Theater District, sometimes referred to as \"The Great White Way\". According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately US$1.27 billion worth of tickets in the 2013–2014 season, an 11.4% increase from US$1.139 billion in the 2012–2013 season. Attendance in 2013–2014 stood at 12.21 million, representing a 5.5% increase from the 2012–2013 season's 11.57 million.\nQuestion: How many people attended Broadway shows during the 2013-2014 season? Answer:", "completion": "12.21 million"}
{"id": "57096337ed30961900e84058", "answers": {"text": ["1948"], "answer_start": [48]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The era of planning in Himachal Pradesh started 1948 along with the rest of India. The first five-year plan allocated ₹ 52.7 million to Himachal. More than 50% of this expenditure was incurred on road construction since it was felt that without proper transport facilities, the process of planning and development could not be carried to the people, who mostly lived an isolated existence in far away areas. Himachal now ranks fourth in respect of per capita income among the states of the Indian Union.\nQuestion: When did the era of planning start in Himachal Pradesh? Answer:", "completion": "1948"}
{"id": "5706a32275f01819005e7c98", "answers": {"text": ["1987"], "answer_start": [181]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Acid house arose from Chicago artists' experiments with the squelchy Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer, and the style's origins on vinyl is generally cited as Phuture's \"Acid Tracks\" (1987). Phuture, a group founded by Nathan \"DJ Pierre\" Jones, Earl \"Spanky\" Smith Jr., and Herbert \"Herb J\" Jackson, is credited with having been the first to use the TB-303 in the house music context. The group's 12-minute \"Acid Tracks\" was recorded to tape and was played by DJ Ron Hardy at the Music Box, where Hardy was resident DJ. Hardy once played it four times over the course of an evening until the crowd responded favorably. The track also utilized a Roland TR-707 drum machine.\nQuestion: When was Phuture's \"Acid Tracks\" released? Answer:", "completion": "1987"}
{"id": "5728ac7b2ca10214002da598", "answers": {"text": ["80%"], "answer_start": [397]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The 2007 gross state product was $44.9 billion, 45th in the nation. Its per capita personal income for 2007 was $40,042, ranking 15th in the nation. According to a 2013 study by Phoenix Marketing International, Alaska had the fifth-largest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, with a ratio of 6.75 percent. The oil and gas industry dominates the Alaskan economy, with more than 80% of the state's revenues derived from petroleum extraction. Alaska's main export product (excluding oil and natural gas) is seafood, primarily salmon, cod, Pollock and crab.\nQuestion: How much of Alaskan state revenue comes from petroleum extraction? Answer:", "completion": "80%"}
{"id": "5730338eb2c2fd1400568a62", "answers": {"text": ["the grid street patterns"], "answer_start": [503]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: San Diego's roadway system provides an extensive network of routes for travel by bicycle. The dry and mild climate of San Diego makes cycling a convenient and pleasant year-round option. At the same time, the city's hilly, canyon-like terrain and significantly long average trip distances—brought about by strict low-density zoning laws—somewhat restrict cycling for utilitarian purposes. Older and denser neighborhoods around the downtown tend to be utility cycling oriented. This is partly because of the grid street patterns now absent in newer developments farther from the urban core, where suburban style arterial roads are much more common. As a result, a vast majority of cycling-related activities are recreational. Testament to San Diego's cycling efforts, in 2006, San Diego was rated as the best city for cycling for U.S. cities with a population over 1 million.\nQuestion: Why are older neighborhoods in San Diego popular with cyclists? Answer:", "completion": "the grid street patterns"}
{"id": "570db36a16d0071400510d03", "answers": {"text": ["police and public works departments"], "answer_start": [584]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World War II. Besides major infrastructural projects, the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector. It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa, and employed many Eritreans in public service, particularly in the police and public works departments. Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars.\nQuestion: In what areas of public service were Eritreans particularly employed? Answer:", "completion": "police and public works departments"}
{"id": "5726aef75951b619008f7a34", "answers": {"text": ["fiction or non-fiction"], "answer_start": [469]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Literature consists of written productions, often restricted to those deemed to have artistic or intellectual value. Its Latin root literatura/litteratura (derived itself from littera, letter or handwriting) was used to refer to all written accounts, but intertwined with the roman concept of cultura: learning or cultivation. Literature often uses language differently than ordinary language (see literariness). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorised according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).\nQuestion: What are two major divisions of literature? Answer:", "completion": "fiction or non-fiction"}
{"id": "572f63e6b2c2fd14005680a7", "answers": {"text": ["connections between different electrical services"], "answer_start": [34]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Additionally, there are issues of connections between different electrical services, particularly connecting intercity lines with sections electrified for commuter traffic, but also between commuter lines built to different standards. This can cause electrification of certain connections to be very expensive simply because of the implications on the sections it is connecting. Many lines have come to be overlaid with multiple electrification standards for different trains to avoid having to replace the existing rolling stock on those lines. Obviously, this requires that the economics of a particular connection must be more compelling and this has prevented complete electrification of many lines. In a few cases, there are diesel trains running along completely electrified routes and this can be due to incompatibility of electrification standards along the route.\nQuestion: What is the other issue that comes to sight when using electrification system? Answer:", "completion": "connections between different electrical services"}
{"id": "572f7d6f04bcaa1900d76a1d", "answers": {"text": ["May"], "answer_start": [493]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Hyderabad has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The annual mean temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 21–33 °C (70–91 °F). Summers (March–June) are hot and humid, with average highs in the mid-to-high 30s Celsius; maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) between April and June. The coolest temperatures occur in December and January, when the lowest temperature occasionally dips to 10 °C (50 °F). May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from 26 to 39 °C (79–102 °F); December, the coldest, has temperatures varying from 14.5 to 28 °C (57–82 °F).\nQuestion: What is generally the hottest month in Hyderabad? Answer:", "completion": "May"}
{"id": "572f6be0947a6a140053c939", "answers": {"text": ["in a single record"], "answer_start": [215]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: For instance, a common use of a database system is to track information about users, their name, login information, various addresses and phone numbers. In the navigational approach all of this data would be placed in a single record, and unused items would simply not be placed in the database. In the relational approach, the data would be normalized into a user table, an address table and a phone number table (for instance). Records would be created in these optional tables only if the address or phone numbers were actually provided.\nQuestion: How is information stored in a navigational system? Answer:", "completion": "in a single record"}
{"id": "572edbbfcb0c0d14000f1616", "answers": {"text": ["Western"], "answer_start": [612]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: All states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actual influence throughout the scope of the prevailing international system. Arnold J. Toynbee, for example, observes that \"Great power may be defined as a political force exerting an effect co-extensive with the widest range of the society in which it operates. The Great powers of 1914 were 'world-powers' because Western society had recently become 'world-wide'.\"\nQuestion: Which societal values had become world-wide by 1914? Answer:", "completion": "Western"}
{"id": "570e22010dc6ce1900204ddf", "answers": {"text": ["India"], "answer_start": [296]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Sanskrit (/ˈsænskrɪt/; Sanskrit: saṃskṛtam [səmskr̩t̪əm] or saṃskṛta, originally saṃskṛtā vāk, \"refined speech\") is the primary sacred language of Hinduism, a philosophical language in Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Jainism, and a literary language that was in use as a lingua franca in Greater India. It is a standardised dialect of Old Indo-Aryan, originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European. Today it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand. As one of the oldest Indo-European languages for which substantial written documentation exists, Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies.\nQuestion: Where is Sanskrit usually found? Answer:", "completion": "India"}
{"id": "5727d9374b864d1900163e78", "answers": {"text": ["Sahel"], "answer_start": [43]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: To the south, the Sahara is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of dry tropical savanna with a summer rainy season that extends across Africa from east to west. The southern limit of the Sahara is indicated botanically by the southern limit of Cornulaca monacantha (a drought-tolerant member of the Chenopodiaceae), or northern limit of Cenchrus biflorus, a grass typical of the Sahel. According to climatic criteria, the southern limit of the Sahara corresponds to the 150 mm (5.9 in) isohyet of annual precipitation (this is a long-term average, since precipitation varies annually).\nQuestion: What is to the south of the Sahara? Answer:", "completion": "Sahel"}
{"id": "572fe9d5a23a5019007fcb2f", "answers": {"text": ["power requirements"], "answer_start": [462]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Through-hole manufacture adds to board cost by requiring many holes to be drilled accurately, and limits the available routing area for signal traces on layers immediately below the top layer on multi-layer boards since the holes must pass through all layers to the opposite side. Once surface-mounting came into use, small-sized SMD components were used where possible, with through-hole mounting only of components unsuitably large for surface-mounting due to power requirements or mechanical limitations, or subject to mechanical stress which might damage the PCB.\nQuestion: A component might not be able to be made any smaller because of its mechanical limitations or what other need? Answer:", "completion": "power requirements"}
{"id": "56e75c2d37bdd419002c3edd", "answers": {"text": ["winter"], "answer_start": [405]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Common agreement about the day's layout or schedule confers so many advantages that a standard DST schedule has generally been chosen over ad hoc efforts to get up earlier. The advantages of coordination are so great that many people ignore whether DST is in effect by altering their nominal work schedules to coordinate with television broadcasts or daylight. DST is commonly not observed during most of winter, because its mornings are darker; workers may have no sunlit leisure time, and children may need to leave for school in the dark. Since DST is applied to many varying communities, its effects may be very different depending on their culture, light levels, geography, and climate; that is why it is hard to make generalized conclusions about the absolute effects of the practice. Some areas may adopt DST simply as a matter of coordination with others rather than for any direct benefits.\nQuestion: During what season is DST usually not observed because of the detriments of dark mornings? Answer:", "completion": "winter"}
{"id": "57342891d058e614000b6a5c", "answers": {"text": ["White House of the Confederacy"], "answer_start": [590]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In addition to Virginia and Confederate government offices and hospitals, a railroad hub, and one of the South's largest slave markets, Richmond had the largest factory in the Confederacy, the Tredegar Iron Works, which turned out artillery and other munitions, including the 723 tons of armor plating that covered the CSS Virginia, the world's first ironclad used in war, as well as much of the Confederates' heavy ordnance machinery. The Confederate Congress shared quarters with the Virginia General Assembly in the Virginia State Capitol, with the Confederacy's executive mansion, the \"White House of the Confederacy\", located two blocks away. The Seven Days Battles followed in late June and early July 1862, during which Union General McClellan threatened to take Richmond but ultimately failed.\nQuestion: What is another name for the Confederacy's executive mansion? Answer:", "completion": "White House of the Confederacy"}
{"id": "57340aae4776f41900661793", "answers": {"text": ["Belgrade"], "answer_start": [495]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995, the ICTY issued a warrant for the arrest of Bosnian Serbs Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić on several charges including genocide. On 21 July 2008, Karadžić was arrested in Belgrade, and he is currently in The Hague on trial accused of genocide among other crimes. Ratko Mladić was arrested on 26 May 2011 by Serbian special police in Lazarevo, Serbia. Karadzic was convicted of ten of the eleven charges laid against him and sentenced to 40 years in prison on March 24 2016.\nQuestion: Where was Karadzic when he was finally arrested? Answer:", "completion": "Belgrade"}
{"id": "5726213938643c19005ad067", "answers": {"text": ["George V"], "answer_start": [385]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The last major building work took place during the reign of King George V when, in 1913, Sir Aston Webb redesigned Blore's 1850 East Front to resemble in part Giacomo Leoni's Lyme Park in Cheshire. This new, refaced principal façade (of Portland stone) was designed to be the backdrop to the Victoria Memorial, a large memorial statue of Queen Victoria, placed outside the main gates. George V, who had succeeded Edward VII in 1910, had a more serious personality than his father; greater emphasis was now placed on official entertaining and royal duties than on lavish parties. He arranged a series of command performances featuring jazz musicians such as the Original Dixieland Jazz Band (1919) – the first jazz performance for a head of state, Sidney Bechet, and Louis Armstrong (1932), which earned the palace a nomination in 2009 for a (Kind of) Blue Plaque by the Brecon Jazz Festival as one of the venues making the greatest contribution to jazz music in the United Kingdom. George V's wife Queen Mary was a connoisseur of the arts, and took a keen interest in the Royal Collection of furniture and art, both restoring and adding to it. Queen Mary also had many new fixtures and fittings installed, such as the pair of marble Empire-style chimneypieces by Benjamin Vulliamy, dating from 1810, which the Queen had installed in the ground floor Bow Room, the huge low room at the centre of the garden façade. Queen Mary was also responsible for the decoration of the Blue Drawing Room. This room, 69 feet (21 metres) long, previously known as the South Drawing Room, has a ceiling designed specially by Nash, coffered with huge gilt console brackets.\nQuestion: Which king placed more emphasis on official entertaining and royal duties instead of lavish parties? Answer:", "completion": "George V"}
{"id": "56f7c32ba6d7ea1400e17273", "answers": {"text": ["obscurity and mystery"], "answer_start": [44]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The origins of the szlachta are shrouded in obscurity and mystery and have been the subject of a variety of theories.:207 Traditionally, its members were owners of landed property, often in the form of \"manor farms\" or so-called folwarks. The nobility negotiated substantial and increasing political and legal privileges for itself throughout its entire history until the decline of the Polish Commonwealth in the late 18th century.\nQuestion: Were the szlachta obscure and mysterious or obvious and proud. Answer:", "completion": "obscurity and mystery"}
{"id": "570a71dd6d058f1900182e71", "answers": {"text": ["pride and shame"], "answer_start": [143]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the \"looking glass\" that the gestures and reactions of others provide. Depending on these reactions, we either experience pride or shame and this results in particular paths of action. Retzinger (1991) conducted studies of married couples who experienced cycles of rage and shame. Drawing predominantly on Goffman and Cooley's work, Scheff (1990) developed a micro sociological theory of the social bond. The formation or disruption of social bonds is dependent on the emotions that people experience during interactions.\nQuestion: What emotions did Cooley regard as of paramount social importance? Answer:", "completion": "pride and shame"}
{"id": "570d3848fed7b91900d45d41", "answers": {"text": ["Magic Mouse"], "answer_start": [605]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Apple was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels. Macs did not natively support pointing devices that featured multiple buttons, even from third parties, until Mac OS X arrived in 2001. Apple continued to offer only single button mice, in both wired and Bluetooth wireless versions, until August 2005, when it introduced the Mighty Mouse. While it looked like a traditional one-button mouse, it actually had four buttons and a scroll ball, capable of independent x- and y-axis movement. A Bluetooth version followed in July 2006. In October 2009, Apple introduced the Magic Mouse, which uses multi-touch gesture recognition (similar to that of the iPhone) instead of a physical scroll wheel or ball. It is available only in a wireless configuration, but the wired Mighty Mouse (re-branded as \"Apple Mouse\") is still available as an alternative. Since 2010, Apple has also offered the Magic Trackpad as a means to control Macintosh desktop computers in a way similar to laptops.\nQuestion: What Apple mouse 1st used multi-touch gesture recognition? Answer:", "completion": "Magic Mouse"}
{"id": "5734477e879d6814001ca46b", "answers": {"text": ["Archaeologist"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. Robert Blumenschine proposed the idea of confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the leading method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.\nQuestion: What is Louis Binford's profession? Answer:", "completion": "Archaeologist"}
{"id": "57283d5cff5b5019007d9fb5", "answers": {"text": ["the absolute Galois group"], "answer_start": [208]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: for any constant c. Matrix groups over these fields fall under this regime, as do adele rings and adelic algebraic groups, which are basic to number theory. Galois groups of infinite field extensions such as the absolute Galois group can also be equipped with a topology, the so-called Krull topology, which in turn is central to generalize the above sketched connection of fields and groups to infinite field extensions. An advanced generalization of this idea, adapted to the needs of algebraic geometry, is the étale fundamental group.\nQuestion: What group uses infinite field extensions with topology? Answer:", "completion": "the absolute Galois group"}
{"id": "572e9091cb0c0d14000f12ad", "answers": {"text": ["convert attempts"], "answer_start": [30]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The clock does not run during convert attempts in the last three minutes of a half. If the 15 minutes of a quarter expire while the ball is live, the quarter is extended until the ball becomes dead. If a quarter's time expires while the ball is dead, the quarter is extended for one more scrimmage. A quarter cannot end while a penalty is pending: after the penalty yardage is applied, the quarter is extended one scrimmage. Note that the non-penalized team has the option to decline any penalty it considers disadvantageous, so a losing team cannot indefinitely prolong a game by repeatedly committing infractions.\nQuestion: Which plays do not cause time to run off the clock during the final minutes of a half? Answer:", "completion": "convert attempts"}
{"id": "5726a450f1498d1400e8e5c4", "answers": {"text": ["Sassanian architecture"], "answer_start": [278]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The pointed arch, one of the defining attributes of Gothic, was earlier incorporated into Islamic architecture following the Islamic conquests of Roman Syria and the Sassanid Empire in the Seventh Century. The pointed arch and its precursors had been employed in Late Roman and Sassanian architecture; within the Roman context, evidenced in early church building in Syria and occasional secular structures, like the Roman Karamagara Bridge; in Sassanid architecture, in the parabolic and pointed arches employed in palace and sacred construction.\nQuestion: What other type of architecture also made use of the pointed arch? Answer:", "completion": "Sassanian architecture"}
{"id": "56fa0e0df34c681400b0bf90", "answers": {"text": ["ring-porous"], "answer_start": [242]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Since the latewood of a growth ring is usually darker in color than the earlywood, this fact may be used in judging the density, and therefore the hardness and strength of the material. This is particularly the case with coniferous woods. In ring-porous woods the vessels of the early wood not infrequently appear on a finished surface as darker than the denser latewood, though on cross sections of heartwood the reverse is commonly true. Except in the manner just stated the color of wood is no indication of strength.\nQuestion: What type of woods might sometimes appear to have darker earlywood on a finished surface? Answer:", "completion": "ring-porous"}
{"id": "5733c3c7d058e614000b61f1", "answers": {"text": ["absolute terms"], "answer_start": [391]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The judges continue in paragraph 12, \"The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inquiry. The number of individuals targeted should be evaluated not only in absolute terms, but also in relation to the overall size of the entire group. In addition to the numeric size of the targeted portion, its prominence within the group can be a useful consideration. If a specific part of the group is emblematic of the overall group, or is essential to its survival, that may support a finding that the part qualifies as substantial within the meaning of Article 4 [of the Tribunal's Statute].\"\nQuestion: The number of people targeted in a genocide should not be solely evaluated by what? Answer:", "completion": "absolute terms"}
{"id": "572657f1708984140094c327", "answers": {"text": ["have broken the law"], "answer_start": [298]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The idea of Masonic brotherhood probably descends from a 16th-century legal definition of a brother as one who has taken an oath of mutual support to another. Accordingly, Masons swear at each degree to keep the contents of that degree secret, and to support and protect their brethren unless they have broken the law. In most Lodges the oath or obligation is taken on a Volume of Sacred Law, whichever book of divine revelation is appropriate to the religious beliefs of the individual brother (usually the Bible in the Anglo-American tradition). In Progressive continental Freemasonry, books other than scripture are permissible, a cause of rupture between Grand Lodges.\nQuestion: Masons swear to protect their brethren unless they what? Answer:", "completion": "have broken the law"}
{"id": "572abb93be1ee31400cb81e7", "answers": {"text": ["\"misstatements\" in his first divorce trial"], "answer_start": [770]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In January 1977, Droney promoted him to First Assistant District Attorney, essentially making Kerry his campaign and media surrogate because Droney was afflicted with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's Disease). As First Assistant, Kerry tried cases, which included winning convictions in a high-profile rape case and a murder. He also played a role in administering the office, including initiating the creation of special white-collar and organized crime units, creating programs to address the problems of rape and other crime victims and witnesses, and managing trial calendars to reflect case priorities. It was in this role in 1978 that Kerry announced an investigation into possible criminal charges against then Senator Edward Brooke, regarding \"misstatements\" in his first divorce trial. The inquiry ended with no charges being brought after investigators and prosecutors determined that Brooke's misstatements were pertinent to the case, but were not material enough to have affected the outcome.\nQuestion: Why was Brooke being investigated? Answer:", "completion": "\"misstatements\" in his first divorce trial"}
{"id": "57305ed58ab72b1400f9c4ab", "answers": {"text": ["an altar"], "answer_start": [438]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Roman religious beliefs date back to the founding of Rome, around 800 BC. However, the Roman religion commonly associated with the republic and early empire did not begin until around 500 BC, when Romans came in contact with Greek culture, and adopted many of the Greek religious beliefs. Private and personal worship was an important aspect of religious practices. In a sense, each household was a temple to the gods. Each household had an altar (lararium), at which the family members would offer prayers, perform rites, and interact with the household gods. Many of the gods that Romans worshiped came from the Proto-Indo-European pantheon, others were based on Greek gods. The two most famous deities were Jupiter (the king God) and Mars (the god of war). With its cultural influence spreading over most of the Mediterranean, Romans began accepting foreign gods into their own culture, as well as other philosophical traditions such as Cynicism and Stoicism.\nQuestion: What religious element could be found in all Roman households? Answer:", "completion": "an altar"}
{"id": "5728af434b864d1900164c1c", "answers": {"text": ["Indian Carnatic"], "answer_start": [83]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Many adaptations of the instrument have been done to cater to the special needs of Indian Carnatic music. In Indian classical music and Indian light music, the mandolin, which bears little resemblance to the European mandolin, is usually tuned E-B-E-B. As there is no concept of absolute pitch in Indian classical music, any convenient tuning maintaining these relative pitch intervals between the strings can be used. Another prevalent tuning with these intervals is C-G-C-G, which corresponds to Sa-Pa-Sa-Pa in the Indian carnatic classical music style. This tuning corresponds to the way violins are tuned for carnatic classical music. This type of mandolin is also used in Bhangra, dance music popular in Punjabi culture.\nQuestion: Many adaptations of the instruments were done to cater to what type of music? Answer:", "completion": "Indian Carnatic"}
{"id": "572940fe6aef051400154bfc", "answers": {"text": ["Native Americans"], "answer_start": [67]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Most of Bermuda's black population trace some of their ancestry to Native Americans, although awareness of this is largely limited to St David's Islanders and most who have such ancestry are unaware of it. During the colonial period, hundreds of Native Americans were shipped to Bermuda. The best-known examples were the Algonquian peoples who were exiled from the southern New England colonies and sold into slavery in the 17th century, notably in the aftermaths of the Pequot and King Philip's wars.\nQuestion: What is one group that Bermuda's black population can link some of their ancestry to? Answer:", "completion": "Native Americans"}
{"id": "5729247faf94a219006aa0e8", "answers": {"text": ["plant toxins"], "answer_start": [216]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Insects were among the earliest terrestrial herbivores and acted as major selection agents on plants. Plants evolved chemical defenses against this herbivory and the insects, in turn, evolved mechanisms to deal with plant toxins. Many insects make use of these toxins to protect themselves from their predators. Such insects often advertise their toxicity using warning colors. This successful evolutionary pattern has also been used by mimics. Over time, this has led to complex groups of coevolved species. Conversely, some interactions between plants and insects, like pollination, are beneficial to both organisms. Coevolution has led to the development of very specific mutualisms in such systems.\nQuestion: Insects formed mechanisms to shield against what? Answer:", "completion": "plant toxins"}
{"id": "56f893a2a6d7ea1400e1777d", "answers": {"text": ["the Unteraar Glacier"], "answer_start": [49]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Agassiz studied glacier movement in the 1840s at the Unteraar Glacier where he found the glacier moved 100 m (328 ft) per year, more rapidly in the middle than at the edges. His work was continued by other scientists and now a permanent laboratory exists inside a glacier under the Jungfraujoch, devoted exclusively to the study of Alpine glaciers.\nQuestion: Where did Agassiz study during the 1840s? Answer:", "completion": "the Unteraar Glacier"}
{"id": "570b2ec76b8089140040f7de", "answers": {"text": ["Xbox Video Marketplace"], "answer_start": [45]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On November 6, 2006, Microsoft announced the Xbox Video Marketplace, an exclusive video store accessible through the console. Launched in the United States on November 22, 2006, the first anniversary of the Xbox 360's launch, the service allows users in the United States to download high-definition and standard-definition television shows and movies onto an Xbox 360 console for viewing. With the exception of short clips, content is not currently available for streaming, and must be downloaded. Movies are also available for rental. They expire in 14 days after download or at the end of the first 24 hours after the movie has begun playing, whichever comes first. Television episodes can be purchased to own, and are transferable to an unlimited number of consoles. Downloaded files use 5.1 surround audio and are encoded using VC-1 for video at 720p, with a bitrate of 6.8 Mbit/s. Television content is offered from MTV, VH1, Comedy Central, Turner Broadcasting, and CBS; and movie content is Warner Bros., Paramount, and Disney, along with other publishers.\nQuestion: What was the name of the 360's video store service? Answer:", "completion": "Xbox Video Marketplace"}
{"id": "572a8568f75d5e190021fb42", "answers": {"text": ["Tampa"], "answer_start": [126]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Florida High Speed Rail was a proposed government backed high-speed rail system that would have connected Miami, Orlando, and Tampa. The first phase was planned to connect Orlando and Tampa and was offered federal funding, but it was turned down by Governor Rick Scott in 2011. The second phase of the line was envisioned to connect Miami. By 2014, a private project known as All Aboard Florida by a company of the historic Florida East Coast Railway began construction of a higher-speed rail line in South Florida that is planned to eventually terminate at Orlando International Airport.\nQuestion: Along with Orlando, what city would have been connected to Miami via Florida High Speed Rail? Answer:", "completion": "Tampa"}
{"id": "573366074776f419006609e6", "answers": {"text": ["deficient in actuality and change"], "answer_start": [343]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another. He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time. On the other hand, he sees God as permanent but as deficient in actuality and change: alone, God is merely eternally unrealized possibilities, and requires the world to actualize them. God gives creatures permanence, while the creatures give God actuality and change. Here it is worthwhile to quote Whitehead at length:\nQuestion: In what way did Whitehead view God as deficient? Answer:", "completion": "deficient in actuality and change"}
{"id": "5727f6982ca10214002d9a56", "answers": {"text": ["seven"], "answer_start": [19]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Time is one of the seven fundamental physical quantities in both the International System of Units and International System of Quantities. Time is used to define other quantities—such as velocity—so defining time in terms of such quantities would result in circularity of definition. An operational definition of time, wherein one says that observing a certain number of repetitions of one or another standard cyclical event (such as the passage of a free-swinging pendulum) constitutes one standard unit such as the second, is highly useful in the conduct of both advanced experiments and everyday affairs of life. The operational definition leaves aside the question whether there is something called time, apart from the counting activity just mentioned, that flows and that can be measured. Investigations of a single continuum called spacetime bring questions about space into questions about time, questions that have their roots in the works of early students of natural philosophy.\nQuestion: Time is one of how many fundamental physical quantities? Answer:", "completion": "seven"}
{"id": "56e0455c231d4119001ac023", "answers": {"text": ["placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol"], "answer_start": [38]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Preaspirated consonants are marked by placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol: ⟨ʰp⟩ represents the preaspirated bilabial stop.\nQuestion: A preaspirated consonant is marked how? Answer:", "completion": "placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol"}
{"id": "572772ab708984140094ddc7", "answers": {"text": ["more than 60"], "answer_start": [28]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In May 2015, a coalition of more than 60 Asian-American organizations filed federal complaints with the Education and Justice Departments against Harvard University. The coalition asked for a civil rights investigation into what they described as Harvard's discriminatory admission practices against Asian-American applicants. The complaint asserts that recent studies indicate that Harvard has engaged in systematic and continuous discrimination against Asian Americans in its \"holistic\" admissions process. Asian-American applicants with near-perfect test scores, top-one-percent grade point averages, academic awards, and leadership positions are allegedly rejected by Harvard because the university uses racial stereotypes, racially differentiated standards, and de facto racial quotas. This federal complaint was dismissed in July 2015 because the Students for Fair Admissions lawsuit makes similar allegations.\nQuestion: How many Asian organizations were involved in filing the federal complaints? Answer:", "completion": "more than 60"}
{"id": "573084818ab72b1400f9c545", "answers": {"text": ["Vladimir the Great"], "answer_start": [397]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Kievan Rus' begins with the rule (882–912) of Prince Oleg, who extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley in order to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east and moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev. Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major expansion of Kievan Rus' territorial control, fighting a war of conquest against the Khazar Empire. Vladimir the Great (980–1015) introduced Christianity with his own baptism and, by decree, that of all the inhabitants of Kiev and beyond. Kievan Rus' reached its greatest extent under Yaroslav I (1019–1054); his sons assembled and issued its first written legal code, the Rus' Justice, shortly after his death.\nQuestion: Which ruler introduced Christianity in Kievan Rus? Answer:", "completion": "Vladimir the Great"}
{"id": "572a11661d04691400779725", "answers": {"text": ["Murad I"], "answer_start": [346]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه‎ Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After conquests in the Balkans by Murad I between 1362 and 1389, the Ottoman sultanate was transformed into a transcontinental empire and claimant to the caliphate. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.\nQuestion: Conquests by who began the transformation of the Ottoman sultanate into an Empire? Answer:", "completion": "Murad I"}
{"id": "570db375df2f5219002ed103", "answers": {"text": ["53%"], "answer_start": [89]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Romantic relationships tend to increase in prevalence throughout adolescence. By age 15, 53% of adolescents have had a romantic relationship that lasted at least one month over the course of the previous 18 months. In a 2008 study conducted by YouGov for Channel 4, 20% of 14−17-year-olds surveyed revealed that they had their first sexual experience at 13 or under in the United Kingdom. A 2002 American study found that those aged 15–44 reported that the average age of first sexual intercourse was 17.0 for males and 17.3 for females. The typical duration of relationships increases throughout the teenage years as well. This constant increase in the likelihood of a long-term relationship can be explained by sexual maturation and the development of cognitive skills necessary to maintain a romantic bond (e.g. caregiving, appropriate attachment), although these skills are not strongly developed until late adolescence. Long-term relationships allow adolescents to gain the skills necessary for high-quality relationships later in life and develop feelings of self-worth. Overall, positive romantic relationships among adolescents can result in long-term benefits. High-quality romantic relationships are associated with higher commitment in early adulthood and are positively associated with self-esteem, self-confidence, and social competence. For example, an adolescent with positive self-confidence is likely to consider themselves a more successful partner, whereas negative experiences may lead to low confidence as a romantic partner. Adolescents often date within their demographic in regards to race, ethnicity, popularity, and physical attractiveness. However, there are traits in which certain individuals, particularly adolescent girls, seek diversity. While most adolescents date people approximately their own age, boys typically date partners the same age or younger; girls typically date partners the same age or older.\nQuestion: How many percent of adolescents have had a romantic relationship lasting one month or longer by age 15? Answer:", "completion": "53%"}
{"id": "56f8d0e19e9bad19000a0592", "answers": {"text": ["the Alps"], "answer_start": [11]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: At present the Alps are one of the more popular tourist destinations in the world with many resorts such Oberstdorf, in Bavaria, Saalbach in Austria, Davos in Switzerland, Chamonix in France, and Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy recording more than a million annual visitors. With over 120 million visitors a year tourism is integral to the Alpine economy with much it coming from winter sports although summer visitors are an important component of the tourism industry.\nQuestion: What's one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world? Answer:", "completion": "the Alps"}
{"id": "5727a3762ca10214002d9289", "answers": {"text": ["Jewish"], "answer_start": [596]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of \"Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord\", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are \"barking up the wrong tree\".\nQuestion: What ethnicity are these literary works mostly? Answer:", "completion": "Jewish"}
{"id": "56de0d34cffd8e1900b4b589", "answers": {"text": ["Universal College of Learning"], "answer_start": [514]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: New Zealand polytechnics are established under the Education Act 1989 as amended, and are considered state-owned tertiary institutions along with universities, colleges of education, and wānanga; there is today often much crossover in courses and qualifications offered between all these types of Tertiary Education Institutions. Some have officially taken the title 'institute of technology' which is a term recognized in government strategies equal to that of the term 'polytechnic'. One has opted for the name 'Universal College of Learning' (UCOL), and another 'Unitec New Zealand'. These are legal names but not recognized terms like 'polytechnic' or 'institute of technology'. Many if not all now grant at least bachelor-level degrees.\nQuestion: What does UCOL stand for? Answer:", "completion": "Universal College of Learning"}
{"id": "572baec6111d821400f38f46", "answers": {"text": ["East Coast Greenway"], "answer_start": [461]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Farmington Canal Trail is a rail trail that will eventually run continuously from downtown New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts. The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal. Currently, there is a continuous 14-mile (23 km) stretch of the trail from downtown, through Hamden and into Cheshire, making bicycle commuting between New Haven and those suburbs possible. The trail is part of the East Coast Greenway, a proposed 3,000-mile (4,800 km) bike path that would link every major city on the East Coast from Florida to Maine.\nQuestion: Segments of the Farmington Canal is also part of which bicycle trail? Answer:", "completion": "East Coast Greenway"}
{"id": "570702a89e06ca38007e92aa", "answers": {"text": ["ascenders"], "answer_start": [394]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Typographically, the basic difference between the majuscules and minuscules is not that the majuscules are big and minuscules small, but that the majuscules generally have the same height. The height of the minuscules varies, as some of them have parts higher or lower than the average, i.e. ascenders and descenders. In Times New Roman, for instance, b, d, f, h, k, l, t are the letters with ascenders, and g, j, p, q, y are the ones with descenders. Further to this, with old-style numerals still used by some traditional or classical fonts—although most do have a set of alternative Lining Figures— 6 and 8 make up the ascender set, and 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 the descender set.\nQuestion: In Time New Roman the letter \"b\" would be consider which type of letter based on whether it is above or below average height? Answer:", "completion": "ascenders"}
{"id": "5726083a89a1e219009ac167", "answers": {"text": ["Premier League title"], "answer_start": [427]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbours, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as North London derbies. Other rivalries within London include those with Chelsea, Fulham and West Ham United. In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in recent years when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title – so much so that a 2003 online poll by the Football Fans Census listed Manchester United as Arsenal's biggest rivals, followed by Tottenham and Chelsea. A 2008 poll listed the Tottenham rivalry as more important.\nQuestion: What competition sparked the rivalry with Manchester? Answer:", "completion": "Premier League title"}
{"id": "5726dc97708984140094d3f6", "answers": {"text": ["northern Soviet Union near Murmansk"], "answer_start": [115]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Soviets also helped Germany to avoid British naval blockades by providing a submarine base, Basis Nord, in the northern Soviet Union near Murmansk. This also provided a refueling and maintenance location, and a takeoff point for raids and attacks on shipping. In addition, the Soviets provided Germany with access to the Northern Sea Route for both cargo ships and raiders (though only the commerce raider Komet used the route before the German invasion), which forced Britain to protect sea lanes in both the Atlantic and the Pacific.\nQuestion: Where was the sub base located? Answer:", "completion": "northern Soviet Union near Murmansk"}
{"id": "570d7b58b3d812140066d9d5", "answers": {"text": ["three"], "answer_start": [101]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: As a uniformed military service, the Army is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In the fiscal year 2016, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 475,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 342,000 soldiers, and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 198,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,015,000 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is \"to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders.\" The service participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force.\nQuestion: How many military departments does the Department of Defense have? Answer:", "completion": "three"}
{"id": "573446e7acc1501500babd82", "answers": {"text": ["two"], "answer_start": [537]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Other historical points of interest include St. John's Church, the site of Patrick Henry's famous \"Give me liberty or give me death\" speech, and the Edgar Allan Poe Museum, features many of his writings and other artifacts of his life, particularly when he lived in the city as a child, a student, and a successful writer. The John Marshall House, the home of the former Chief Justice of the United States, is also located downtown and features many of his writings and objects from his life. Hollywood Cemetery is the burial grounds of two U.S. Presidents as well as many Civil War officers and soldiers.\nQuestion: How many United States presidents are interred in Hollywood Cemetery? Answer:", "completion": "two"}
{"id": "57281e912ca10214002d9e3c", "answers": {"text": ["the Thames"], "answer_start": [516]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Greater London encompasses a total area of 1,583 square kilometres (611 sq mi), an area which had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,760/sq mi). The extended area known as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, comprises a total area of 8,382 square kilometres (3,236 sq mi) has a population of 13,709,000 and a population density of 1,510 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,900/sq mi). Modern London stands on the Thames, its primary geographical feature, a navigable river which crosses the city from the south-west to the east. The Thames Valley is a floodplain surrounded by gently rolling hills including Parliament Hill, Addington Hills, and Primrose Hill. The Thames was once a much broader, shallower river with extensive marshlands; at high tide, its shores reached five times their present width.\nQuestion: What is the main geographical landmark in London? Answer:", "completion": "the Thames"}
{"id": "5726a0f0dd62a815002e8b72", "answers": {"text": ["the palace"], "answer_start": [396]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of building: the cathedral church, the parish church, the monastery, the castle, the palace, the great hall, the gatehouse, the civic building, had been established in the Romanesque period.\nQuestion: What is another category of building that was established during the Romanesque period? Answer:", "completion": "the palace"}
{"id": "5731aab1b9d445190005e443", "answers": {"text": ["Representatives"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Representatives from indigenous and rural organizations from major South American countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile and Brazil, started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change. The meeting condemned plans by the European \"foreign power elite\" to destabilize the country. The forum also expressed solidarity with the Morales and his economic and social changes in the interest of historically marginalized majorities. Furthermore, in a cathartic blow to the US-backed elite, it questioned US interference through diplomats and NGOs. The forum was suspicious of plots against Bolivia and other countries, including Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador, Paraguay and Nicaragua.\nQuestion: Who started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change? Answer:", "completion": "Representatives"}
{"id": "57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb5", "answers": {"text": ["Hong Kong"], "answer_start": [584]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programming. It also remained a largely obscure format in Europe and Australia. By contrast, the format was much more popular in Japan and in the more affluent regions of Southeast Asia, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia, being the prevalent rental video medium in Hong Kong during the 1990s. Its superior video and audio quality did make it a somewhat popular choice among videophiles and film enthusiasts during its lifespan.\nQuestion: In what city was LaserDisk used as a popular rental medium in the 1990s? Answer:", "completion": "Hong Kong"}
{"id": "5726d8c15951b619008f7fcd", "answers": {"text": ["2001"], "answer_start": [391]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The band have released a total of eighteen number one albums, eighteen number one singles, and ten number one DVDs worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists. Queen have sold over 150 million records, with some estimates in excess of 300 million records worldwide, including 34.5 million albums in the US as of 2004. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001, the band is the only group in which every member has composed more than one chart-topping single, and all four members were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2009, \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\" were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and the latter was voted the world's favourite song in a global music poll.\nQuestion: When was Queen inducted into the Hall of Fame? Answer:", "completion": "2001"}
{"id": "5735c0d8e853931400426b4a", "answers": {"text": ["1920"], "answer_start": [345]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Tribhuvan Museum contains artifacts related to the King Tribhuvan (1906–1955). It has a variety of pieces including his personal belongings, letters and papers, memorabilia related to events he was involved in and a rare collection of photos and paintings of Royal family members. The Mahendra Museum is dedicated to king Mahendra of Nepal (1920–1972). Like the Tribhuvan Museum, it includes his personal belongings such as decorations, stamps, coins and personal notes and manuscripts, but it also has structural reconstructions of his cabinet room and office chamber. The Hanumandhoka Palace, a lavish medieval palace complex in the Durbar, contains three separate museums of historic importance. These museums include the Birendra museum, which contains items related to the second-last monarch, Birendra of Nepal.\nQuestion: What was the birth year of King Mahendra? Answer:", "completion": "1920"}
{"id": "56fad69b8f12f319006301db", "answers": {"text": ["2014"], "answer_start": [55]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the \"Ethio-Somali\". This Ethio-Somali component is today most common among Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in the Horn of Africa. It reaches a frequency peak among ethnic Somalis, representing the majority of their ancestry. The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component, and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000 years ago. On this basis, the researchers suggest that the original Ethio-Somali carrying population(s) probably arrived in the pre-agricultural period from the Near East, having crossed over into northeastern Africa via the Sinai Peninsula. The population then likely split into two branches, with one group heading westward toward the Maghreb and the other moving south into the Horn.\nQuestion: When did Hodgson publish his DNA study? Answer:", "completion": "2014"}
{"id": "5726eb73708984140094d5f6", "answers": {"text": ["MDNA"], "answer_start": [505]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 2012, Madonna performed at Super Bowl XLVI halftime show, visualized by Cirque Du Soleil and Jamie King and featured special guests LMFAO, Nicki Minaj, M.I.A. and Cee Lo Green. It became the then most-watched Super Bowl halftime show in history with 114 million viewers, higher than the game itself. It was also revealed that the singer had signed a three-album deal with Interscope Records, who would act as the distributor in partnership with her 360 deal with Live Nation. Her twelfth studio album, MDNA, was released in March 2012 and saw collaboration with various producers, most notably with William Orbit again and Martin Solveig. The album was well received by music critics, with Priya Elan from NME calling it \"a ridiculously enjoyable romp\", citing its \"psychotic, soul-bearing stuff\" as \"some of the most visceral stuff she's ever done.\" MDNA debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and many other countries worldwide. Madonna surpassed Elvis Presley's record for the most number-one album by a solo artist in the UK. The lead single \"Give Me All Your Luvin'\", featuring guest vocals from Minaj and M.I.A., became Madonna's record-extending 38th top-ten hit on the Billboard Hot 100.\nQuestion: What was the name of Madonna's twelfth album? Answer:", "completion": "MDNA"}
{"id": "5726f140f1498d1400e8f09c", "answers": {"text": ["Madonna"], "answer_start": [511]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Madonna's music has been the subject of much analysis and scrutiny. Robert M. Grant, author of Contemporary Strategy Analysis (2005), commented that what has brought Madonna success is \"certainly not outstanding natural talent. As a vocalist, musician, dancer, songwriter, or actress, Madonna's talents seem modest.\" He asserts Madonna's success is in relying on the talents of others, and that her personal relationships have served as cornerstones to the numerous reinventions in the longevity of her career. Madonna's approach was far from the music industry wisdom of \"Find a winning formula and stick to it.\" Her musical career has been a continuous experimentation with new musical ideas and new images and a constant quest for new heights of fame and acclaim. Grant concluded that \"having established herself as the queen of popular music, Madonna did not stop there, but continued re-inventing.\" Musicologist Susan McClary wrote that \"Madonna's art itself repeatedly deconstructs the traditional notion of the unified subject with finite ego boundaries. Her pieces explore various ways of constituting identities that refuse stability, that remain fluid, that resist definition.\"\nQuestion: Who has established herself as a Queen of Popular Music? Answer:", "completion": "Madonna"}
{"id": "57265a725951b619008f7063", "answers": {"text": ["the region between the Harz mountains in the north, the Weiße Elster river in the east, the Franconian Forest in the south and the Werra river in the west."], "answer_start": [239]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Thuringian Realm existed until 531 and later, the Landgraviate of Thuringia was the largest state in the region, persisting between 1131 and 1247. Afterwards there was no state named Thuringia, nevertheless the term commonly described the region between the Harz mountains in the north, the Weiße Elster river in the east, the Franconian Forest in the south and the Werra river in the west. After the Treaty of Leipzig, Thuringia had its own dynasty again, the Ernestine Wettins. Their various lands formed the Free State of Thuringia, founded in 1920, together with some other small principalities. The Prussian territories around Erfurt, Mühlhausen and Nordhausen joined Thuringia in 1945.\nQuestion: Where is Thuringia located? Answer:", "completion": "the region between the Harz mountains in the north, the Weiße Elster river in the east, the Franconian Forest in the south and the Werra river in the west."}
{"id": "570fb4715ab6b81900390f9e", "answers": {"text": ["Treaty of Rome"], "answer_start": [217]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1956, the British and French prime ministers, Sir Anthony Eden and Guy Mollet, discussed the possibility of France joining the Commonwealth. The proposal was never accepted and the following year France signed the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, the precursor to the European Union. In November 1956, Britain and France invaded Egypt in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to capture the Suez Canal. Lord Mountbatten claimed the Queen was opposed to the invasion, though Eden denied it. Eden resigned two months later.\nQuestion: What did France sign instead of joining the Commonwealth? Answer:", "completion": "Treaty of Rome"}
{"id": "5727284add62a815002e996b", "answers": {"text": ["the Habsburgs"], "answer_start": [217]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Bohemia prospered in the 14th century, and the Golden Bull of 1356 made the king of Bohemia first among the imperial electors, but the Hussite revolution threw the country into crisis. The Holy Roman Empire passed to the Habsburgs in 1438, where it remained until its dissolution in 1806. Yet in spite of the extensive territories held by the Habsburgs, the Empire itself remained fragmented, and much real power and influence lay with the individual principalities. In addition, financial institutions, such as the Hanseatic League and the Fugger family, held great power, on both economic and a political levels.\nQuestion: In 1438, control of the Holy Roman Empire passed to what dynasty? Answer:", "completion": "the Habsburgs"}
{"id": "572a4f507a1753140016ae94", "answers": {"text": ["names were replaced by new Russian names"], "answer_start": [244]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, which was closed to foreigners; Soviet citizens could only enter with special permission. In 1967 the remnants of Königsberg Castle were demolished on the orders of Leonid Brezhnev to make way for a new \"House of the Soviets\".\nQuestion: What else happened in the northern part of East Prussia in the now Russian area? Answer:", "completion": "names were replaced by new Russian names"}
{"id": "5705e4f452bb891400689677", "answers": {"text": ["Gage Cengage"], "answer_start": [737]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Though traditionally a moderate newspaper and sometimes a supporter of the Conservative Party, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections. In 2004, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, and 26% for Labour. The Times had an average daily circulation of 394,448 in March 2014; in the same period, The Sunday Times had an average daily circulation of 839,077. An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006. It has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index. A complete historical file of the digitized paper is online from Gage Cengage publisher.\nQuestion: The complete historical file of the digitized paper of The Times is online and published by what publisher? Answer:", "completion": "Gage Cengage"}
{"id": "56dfc6087aa994140058e19b", "answers": {"text": ["35"], "answer_start": [127]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Dr. Alexander Graham Bell was buried atop Beinn Bhreagh mountain, on his estate where he had resided increasingly for the last 35 years of his life, overlooking Bras d'Or Lake. He was survived by his wife Mabel, his two daughters, Elsie May and Marian, and nine of his grandchildren.\nQuestion: Over how many years did Bell spend a great deal of time at Beinn Bhreagh? Answer:", "completion": "35"}
{"id": "5730878f2461fd1900a9ce91", "answers": {"text": ["Ladoga and Karelia regions"], "answer_start": [366]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Prior to the emergence of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century AD, the lands between the Baltic Sea and Black Sea were primarily populated by eastern Slavic tribes. In the northern region around Novgorod were the Ilmen Slavs and neighboring Krivichi, who occupied territories surrounding the headwaters of the West Dvina, Dnieper, and Volga Rivers. To their north, in the Ladoga and Karelia regions, were the Finnic Chud tribe. In the south, in the area around Kiev, were the Poliane, a group of Slavicized tribes with Iranian origins, the Drevliane to the west of the Dnieper, and the Severiane to the east. To their north and east were the Vyatichi, and to their south was forested land settled by Slav farmers, giving way to steppelands populated by nomadic herdsmen.\nQuestion: Where was the Finnic Chud Tripe located curing this time period? Answer:", "completion": "Ladoga and Karelia regions"}
{"id": "56f974f69e9bad19000a0942", "answers": {"text": ["20–25%"], "answer_start": [559]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Brain tissue consumes a large amount of energy in proportion to its volume, so large brains place severe metabolic demands on animals. The need to limit body weight in order, for example, to fly, has apparently led to selection for a reduction of brain size in some species, such as bats. Most of the brain's energy consumption goes into sustaining the electric charge (membrane potential) of neurons. Most vertebrate species devote between 2% and 8% of basal metabolism to the brain. In primates, however, the percentage is much higher—in humans it rises to 20–25%. The energy consumption of the brain does not vary greatly over time, but active regions of the cerebral cortex consume somewhat more energy than inactive regions; this forms the basis for the functional brain imaging methods PET, fMRI, and NIRS. The brain typically gets most of its energy from oxygen-dependent metabolism of glucose (i.e., blood sugar), but ketones provide a major alternative source, together with contributions from medium chain fatty acids (caprylic and heptanoic acids), lactate, acetate, and possibly amino acids.\nQuestion: The energy used for metabolism of the brain in humans is what percentage? Answer:", "completion": "20–25%"}
{"id": "5727c20e2ca10214002d9584", "answers": {"text": ["Coleman Young"], "answer_start": [35]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In November 1973, the city elected Coleman Young as its first black mayor. After taking office, Young emphasized increasing racial diversity in the police department. Young also worked to improve Detroit's transportation system, but tension between Young and his suburban counterparts over regional matters was problematic throughout his mayoral term. In 1976, the federal government offered $600 million for building a regional rapid transit system, under a single regional authority. But the inability of Detroit and its suburban neighbors to solve conflicts over transit planning resulted in the region losing the majority of funding for rapid transit. Following the failure to reach an agreement over the larger system, the City moved forward with construction of the elevated downtown circulator portion of the system, which became known as the Detroit People Mover.\nQuestion: Who was the first black mayor of Detroit? Answer:", "completion": "Coleman Young"}
{"id": "5727f8783acd2414000df116", "answers": {"text": ["theory of evolution"], "answer_start": [213]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Romantic Movement of the early 19th century reshaped science by opening up new pursuits unexpected in the classical approaches of the Enlightenment. Major breakthroughs came in biology, especially in Darwin's theory of evolution, as well as physics (electromagnetism), mathematics (non-Euclidean geometry, group theory) and chemistry (organic chemistry). The decline of Romanticism occurred because a new movement, Positivism, began to take hold of the ideals of the intellectuals after 1840 and lasted until about 1880.\nQuestion: What theory did Darwin introduce? Answer:", "completion": "theory of evolution"}
{"id": "572e8900dfa6aa1500f8d0eb", "answers": {"text": ["using American-supplied equipment during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974"], "answer_start": [463]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: International pressure led to a ceasefire, and by then 37% of the island had been taken over by the Turks and 180,000 Greek Cypriots had been evicted from their homes in the north. At the same time, around 50,000 Turkish Cypriots moved to the areas under the control of the Turkish Forces and settled in the properties of the displaced Greek Cypriots. Among a variety of sanctions against Turkey, in mid-1975 the US Congress imposed an arms embargo on Turkey for using American-supplied equipment during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974. There are 1,534 Greek Cypriots and 502 Turkish Cypriots missing as a result of the fighting.\nQuestion: Why did the US impose an arms embargo on Turkey? Answer:", "completion": "using American-supplied equipment during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974"}
{"id": "5728f7636aef0514001548f7", "answers": {"text": ["Gasparinus de Bergamo"], "answer_start": [60]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The first book printed in France, Epistolae (\"Letters\"), by Gasparinus de Bergamo (Gasparino da Barzizza), was published in Paris in 1470 by the press established by Johann Heynlin. Since then, Paris has been the centre of the French publishing industry, the home of some of the world's best-known writers and poets, and the setting for many classic works of French literature. Almost all the books published in Paris in the Middle Ages were in Latin, rather than French. Paris did not become the acknowledged capital of French literature until the 17th century, with authors such as Boileau, Corneille, La Fontaine, Molière, Racine, several coming from the provinces, and the foundation of the Académie française. In the 18th century, the literary life of Paris revolved around the cafés and salons, and was dominated by Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Pierre de Marivaux, and Beaumarchais.\nQuestion: Who wrote Epistolae? Answer:", "completion": "Gasparinus de Bergamo"}
{"id": "56ddef259a695914005b96e4", "answers": {"text": ["fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city"], "answer_start": [457]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: During the Republic, any person who wished to hold public office had to conform to the Reformed Church and take an oath to this effect. The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders. In the beginning, this was especially focused on Roman Catholics, being the religion of the enemy. In 17th-century Leiden, for instance, people opening their homes to services could be fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city. Throughout this, however, personal freedom of religion existed and was one factor – along with economic reasons – in causing large immigration of religious refugees from other parts of Europe.\nQuestion: What was the punishment for people who opened their homes to Catholic services during 17th-century Leiden? Answer:", "completion": "fined 200 guilders (a year's wage for a skilled tradesman) and banned from the city"}
{"id": "56f6e85b3d8e2e1400e372af", "answers": {"text": ["complexity"], "answer_start": [888]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines and/or chords), tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music. This leaves less room for practices such as improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular music styles such as jazz and blues. Another difference is that whereas most popular styles lend themselves to the song form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the concerto, symphony, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which, since they are written down, can attain a high level of complexity.\nQuestion: Since it is written down, classical music can attain a high level of what? Answer:", "completion": "complexity"}
{"id": "56e1657ee3433e1400422e82", "answers": {"text": ["$11 million"], "answer_start": [524]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: By the late 1950s, the motion picture business was again changing. The combination of the studio/theater-chain break-up and the rise of television saw the reduced audience size for cinema productions. The Music Corporation of America (MCA), then predominately a talent agency, had also become a powerful television producer, renting space at Republic Studios for its Revue Productions subsidiary. After a period of complete shutdown, a moribund Universal agreed to sell its 360-acre (1.5 km²) studio lot to MCA in 1958, for $11 million, renamed Revue Studios. MCA owned the studio lot, but not Universal Pictures, yet was increasingly influential on Universal's product. The studio lot was upgraded and modernized, while MCA clients like Doris Day, Lana Turner, Cary Grant, and director Alfred Hitchcock were signed to Universal Pictures contracts.\nQuestion: How much did MCA pay for Universal's 360-acre lot? Answer:", "completion": "$11 million"}
{"id": "5726897edd62a815002e888a", "answers": {"text": ["Video data"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Video data may be represented as a series of still image frames. The sequence of frames contains spatial and temporal redundancy that video compression algorithms attempt to eliminate or code in a smaller size. Similarities can be encoded by only storing differences between frames, or by using perceptual features of human vision. For example, small differences in color are more difficult to perceive than are changes in brightness. Compression algorithms can average a color across these similar areas to reduce space, in a manner similar to those used in JPEG image compression. Some of these methods are inherently lossy while others may preserve all relevant information from the original, uncompressed video.\nQuestion: What may be represented as a series of still image frames? Answer:", "completion": "Video data"}
{"id": "572b72e9be1ee31400cb83a2", "answers": {"text": ["Čech"], "answer_start": [136]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Around the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word \"Czech\" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine ruler Michael III to send missionaries in an attempt to reduce the influence of East Francia on religious and political life in his country. These missionaries, Constantine and Methodius, helped to convert the Czechs from traditional Slavic paganism to Christianity and established a church system. They also brought the Glagolitic alphabet to the West Slavs, whose language was previously unwritten. This language, later known as Proto-Czech, was beginning to separate from its fellow West Slavic hatchlings Proto-Slovak, Proto-Polish and Proto-Sorbian. Among other features, Proto-Czech was marked by its ephemeral use of the voiced velar fricative consonant (/ɣ/) and consistent stress on the first syllable.\nQuestion: Who was the hero who led the Slavs to their new home, according to legend? Answer:", "completion": "Čech"}
{"id": "572c85fcdfb02c14005c6b9a", "answers": {"text": ["beef cattle"], "answer_start": [157]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Major outputs for the state include textiles, cotton, cattle, and electrical power. Tennessee has over 82,000 farms, roughly 59 percent of which accommodate beef cattle. Although cotton was an early crop in Tennessee, large-scale cultivation of the fiber did not begin until the 1820s with the opening of the land between the Tennessee and Mississippi Rivers. The upper wedge of the Mississippi Delta extends into southwestern Tennessee, and it was in this fertile section that cotton took hold. Soybeans are also heavily planted in West Tennessee, focusing on the northwest corner of the state.\nQuestion: Which livestock is the major focus of Tennessee agriculture? Answer:", "completion": "beef cattle"}
{"id": "572668e2708984140094c517", "answers": {"text": ["paternal grandmother"], "answer_start": [22]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Madonna turned to her paternal grandmother for solace. The Ciccone siblings resented housekeepers and invariably rebelled against anyone brought into their home ostensibly to take the place of their beloved mother. Madonna later told Vanity Fair that she saw herself in her youth as a \"lonely girl who was searching for something. I wasn't rebellious in a certain way. I cared about being good at something. I didn't shave my underarms and I didn't wear make-up like normal girls do. But I studied and I got good grades.... I wanted to be somebody.\" Terrified that her father Tony could be taken from her as well, Madonna was often unable to sleep unless she was near him.\nQuestion: Who did Madonna turn to for comfort during her mother's illness? Answer:", "completion": "paternal grandmother"}
{"id": "57300bb704bcaa1900d77081", "answers": {"text": ["House of Hanover"], "answer_start": [200]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term \"Georgian\" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are \"architectural in intention\", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range.\nQuestion: What was the name of the house of the monarchs in power from 1714 and 1830? Answer:", "completion": "House of Hanover"}
{"id": "5728de523acd2414000e00c0", "answers": {"text": ["South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty"], "answer_start": [720]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1951, during the early stages of the Cold War, Menzies spoke of the possibility of a looming third world war. The Menzies Government entered Australia's first formal military alliance outside of the British Commonwealth with the signing of the ANZUS Treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the United States in San Francisco in 1951. External Affairs Minister Percy Spender had put forward the proposal to work along similar lines to the NATO Alliance. The Treaty declared that any attack on one of the three parties in the Pacific area would be viewed as a threat to each, and that the common danger would be met in accordance with each nation's constitutional processes. In 1954 the Menzies Government signed the South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty (SEATO) as a South East Asian counterpart to NATO. That same year, Soviet diplomat Vladimir Petrov and his wife defected from the Soviet embassy in Canberra, revealing evidence of Russian spying activities; Menzies called a Royal Commission to investigate.\nQuestion: What does the acronym SEATO stand for? Answer:", "completion": "South East Asia Collective Defence Treaty"}
{"id": "56e0fedde3433e1400422a76", "answers": {"text": ["April 24, 1967"], "answer_start": [287]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Meanwhile, the Soviet Union was having its own problems with Soyuz development. Engineers reported 200 design faults to party leaders, but their concerns \"were overruled by political pressures for a series of space feats to mark the anniversary of Lenin's birthday.\"[citation needed] On April 24, 1967, the single pilot of Soyuz 1, Vladimir Komarov, became the first in-flight spaceflight fatality. The mission was planned to be a three-day test, to include the first Soviet docking with an unpiloted Soyuz 2, but the mission was plagued with problems. Early on, Komarov's craft lacked sufficient electrical power because only one of two solar panels had deployed. Then the automatic attitude control system began malfunctioning and eventually failed completely, resulting in the craft spinning wildly. Komarov was able to stop the spin with the manual system, which was only partially effective. The flight controllers aborted his mission after only one day. During the emergency re-entry, a fault in the landing parachute system caused the primary chute to fail, and the reserve chute became tangled with the drogue chute; Komarov was killed on impact. Fixing the spacecraft faults caused an eighteen-month delay before piloted Soyuz flights could resume.\nQuestion: When did Vladimir Komarov die on impact from his spacecraft crash? Answer:", "completion": "April 24, 1967"}
{"id": "572655bedd62a815002e81d0", "answers": {"text": ["their actions are also frequently scripted for dramatic effect"], "answer_start": [428]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Due to the legitimate role that referees play in wrestling of serving as liaison between the bookers backstage and the wrestlers in the ring (the role of being a final arbitrator is merely kayfabe), the referee is present, even in matches that do not at first glance appear to require a referee (such as a ladder match, as it is no holds barred, and the criteria for victory could theoretically be assessed from afar). Although their actions are also frequently scripted for dramatic effect, referees are subject to certain general rules and requirements in order to maintain the theatrical appearance of unbiased authority. The most basic rule is that an action must be seen by a referee to be declared for a fall or disqualification. This allows for heel characters to gain a scripted advantage by distracting or disabling the referee in order to perform some ostensibly illegal maneuver on their opponent. Most referees are unnamed and essentially anonymous, though the WWE has let their officials reveal their names.\nQuestion: What determines how the referee acts? Answer:", "completion": "their actions are also frequently scripted for dramatic effect"}
{"id": "572670f2708984140094c615", "answers": {"text": ["Mildred Burke"], "answer_start": [107]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The women's division of professional wrestling has maintained a recognized world champion since 1937, when Mildred Burke won the original World Women's title. She then formed the World Women's Wrestling Association in the early 1950s and recognized herself as the first champion, although the championship would be vacated upon her retirement in 1956. The NWA, however, ceased to acknowledge Burke as their Women's World champion in 1954, and instead acknowledged June Byers as champion after a controversial finish to a high-profile match between Burke and Byers that year. Upon Byers' retirement in 1964, The Fabulous Moolah, who won a junior heavyweight version of the NWA World Women's Championship (the predecessor to the WWE's Women's Championship) in a tournament back in 1958, was recognized by most NWA promoters as champion by default.\nQuestion: Who won the women's title in 1937? Answer:", "completion": "Mildred Burke"}
{"id": "56f76139a6d7ea1400e17229", "answers": {"text": ["Avar invaders"], "answer_start": [74]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders, eventually producing a Slavicized population.[citation needed] In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with Germanic and Celtic, while the eastern Slavs encountered Uralic and Scandinavian peoples. Scandinavians (Varangians) and Finnic peoples were involved in the early formation of the Rus' state but were completely Slavicized after a century. Some Finno-Ugric tribes in the north were also absorbed into the expanding Rus population. At the time of the Magyar migration, the present-day Hungary was inhabited by Slavs, numbering about 200,000, and by Romano-Dacians who were either assimilated or enslaved by the Magyars. In the 11th and 12th centuries, constant incursions by nomadic Turkic tribes, such as the Kipchaks and the Pechenegs, caused a massive migration of East Slavic populations to the safer, heavily forested regions of the north. In the Middle Ages, groups of Saxon ore miners settled in medieval Bosnia, Serbia and Bulgaria where they were Slavicized.\nQuestion: In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with who? Answer:", "completion": "Avar invaders"}
{"id": "572bcf17be1ee31400cb849c", "answers": {"text": ["Los Angeles"], "answer_start": [514]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: New Haven was the location of one of Jim Morrison's infamous arrests while he fronted the rock group The Doors. The near-riotous concert and arrest in 1967 at the New Haven Arena was commemorated by Morrison in the lyrics to \"Peace Frog\" which include the line \"...blood in the streets in the town of New Haven...\" This was the first time a rock star had ever been arrested in concert.[citation needed] This event is portrayed in the movie The Doors (1991), starring Val Kilmer as Morrison, with a concert hall in Los Angeles used to depict the New Haven Arena.\nQuestion: The movie The Doors however did not film at New Haven, instead where did they film the reenactment? Answer:", "completion": "Los Angeles"}
{"id": "572f1c4203f9891900756b9d", "answers": {"text": ["Gigantopterids"], "answer_start": [759]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The earliest known macrofossil confidently identified as an angiosperm, Archaefructus liaoningensis, is dated to about 125 million years BP (the Cretaceous period), whereas pollen considered to be of angiosperm origin takes the fossil record back to about 130 million years BP. However, one study has suggested that the early-middle Jurassic plant Schmeissneria, traditionally considered a type of ginkgo, may be the earliest known angiosperm, or at least a close relative. In addition, circumstantial chemical evidence has been found for the existence of angiosperms as early as 250 million years ago. Oleanane, a secondary metabolite produced by many flowering plants, has been found in Permian deposits of that age together with fossils of gigantopterids. Gigantopterids are a group of extinct seed plants that share many morphological traits with flowering plants, although they are not known to have been flowering plants themselves.\nQuestion: What group of now extinct seed plants had many of the traits of what are now flowering plants? Answer:", "completion": "Gigantopterids"}
{"id": "5726bb60f1498d1400e8e943", "answers": {"text": ["the treatment of the windows and wall surfaces"], "answer_start": [205]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On the interior of the building attached shafts often sweep unbroken from floor to ceiling and meet the ribs of the vault, like a tall tree spreading into branches. The verticals are generally repeated in the treatment of the windows and wall surfaces. In many Gothic churches, particularly in France, and in the Perpendicular period of English Gothic architecture, the treatment of vertical elements in gallery and window tracery creates a strongly unifying feature that counteracts the horizontal divisions of the interior structure.\nQuestion: Where are the verticals found repeated in the interior of Gothic buildings? Answer:", "completion": "the treatment of the windows and wall surfaces"}
{"id": "570d6767fed7b91900d45ffb", "answers": {"text": ["forces in the field"], "answer_start": [319]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union and NATO's Allied Command Europe, ground based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence including military facilities, forces in the field, wherever they are, invariably deploy their own air defence capability if there is an air threat. A surface-based air defence capability can also be deployed offensively to deny the use of airspace to an opponent.\nQuestion: Who will deploy their own air defence if their is an air threat? Answer:", "completion": "forces in the field"}
{"id": "5726bf4d708984140094d03b", "answers": {"text": ["subject–verb–object"], "answer_start": [129]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Hokkien dialects are analytic; in a sentence, the arrangement of words is important to its meaning. A basic sentence follows the subject–verb–object pattern (i.e. a subject is followed by a verb then by an object), though this order is often violated because Hokkien dialects are topic-prominent. Unlike synthetic languages, seldom do words indicate time, gender and plural by inflection. Instead, these concepts are expressed through adverbs, aspect markers, and grammatical particles, or are deduced from the context. Different particles are added to a sentence to further specify its status or intonation.\nQuestion: Being topic prominant, what basic sentence pattern is often not used? Answer:", "completion": "subject–verb–object"}
{"id": "56d538bc2593cc1400307aef", "answers": {"text": ["Tangshan earthquake"], "answer_start": [270]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Reginald DesRoches, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech, pointed out that the massive damage of properties and houses in the earthquake area was because China did not create an adequate seismic design code until after the devastating 1976 Tangshan earthquake. DesRoches said: \"If the buildings were older and built prior to that 1976 earthquake, chances are they weren't built for adequate earthquake forces.\"\nQuestion: What catastrophe inspired them to make a building design code/ Answer:", "completion": "Tangshan earthquake"}
{"id": "570c54a7b3d812140066d11d", "answers": {"text": ["Gascony"], "answer_start": [851]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The new peace would only last for two years; war recommenced in the aftermath of John's decision in August 1200 to marry Isabella of Angoulême. In order to remarry, John first needed to abandon Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, his first wife; John accomplished this by arguing that he had failed to get the necessary papal permission to marry Isabel in the first place – as a cousin, John could not have legally wed her without this. It remains unclear why John chose to marry Isabella of Angoulême. Contemporary chroniclers argued that John had fallen deeply in love with Isabella, and John may have been motivated by desire for an apparently beautiful, if rather young, girl. On the other hand, the Angoumois lands that came with Isabella were strategically vital to John: by marrying Isabella, John was acquiring a key land route between Poitou and Gascony, which significantly strengthened his grip on Aquitaine.[nb 5]\nQuestion: John acquired key land between Poitou and where? Answer:", "completion": "Gascony"}
{"id": "56d12c3d17492d1400aabb4e", "answers": {"text": ["Andre Aboolian"], "answer_start": [597]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On November 10, 2007, at approximately 7:35 pm, paramedics responding to an emergency call transported West's mother, Donda West, to the nearby Centinela Freeman Hospital in Marina del Rey, California. She was unresponsive in the emergency room, and after resuscitation attempts, doctors pronounced her dead at approximately 8:30 pm, at age 58. The Los Angeles County coroner's office said in January 2008 that West had died of heart disease while suffering \"multiple post-operative factors\" after plastic surgery. She had undergone liposuction and breast reduction. Beverly Hills plastic surgeon Andre Aboolian had refused to do the surgery because West had a health condition that placed her at risk for a heart attack. Aboolian referred her to an internist to investigate her cardiac issue. She never met with the doctor recommended by Aboolian and had the procedures performed by a third doctor, Jan Adams.\nQuestion: What doctor originally turned Donda West down for her plastic surgery operation? Answer:", "completion": "Andre Aboolian"}
{"id": "56ce829baab44d1400b88829", "answers": {"text": ["France"], "answer_start": [298]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: From the fifth-generation iPod on, Apple introduced a user-configurable volume limit in response to concerns about hearing loss. Users report that in the sixth-generation iPod, the maximum volume output level is limited to 100 dB in EU markets. Apple previously had to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding this legal limit. However, users that have bought a new sixth-generation iPod in late 2013 have reported a new option that allowed them to disable the EU volume limit. It has been said that these new iPods came with an updated software that allowed this change. Older sixth-generation iPods, however, are unable to update to this software version.\nQuestion: What country originally pulled iPods due to higher-than-allowed volume levels? Answer:", "completion": "France"}
{"id": "56f8f65b9b226e1400dd1203", "answers": {"text": ["Persia"], "answer_start": [246]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The use of the term Middle East as a region of international affairs apparently began in British and American diplomatic circles quite independently of each other over concern for the security of the same country: Iran, then known to the west as Persia. In 1900 Thomas Edward Gordon published an article, The Problem of the Middle East, which began:\nQuestion: What was Iran known as to the west? Answer:", "completion": "Persia"}
{"id": "570a85944103511400d59804", "answers": {"text": ["the Norman Conquest"], "answer_start": [435]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: A later literary standard, dating from the later 10th century, arose under the influence of Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester, and was followed by such writers as the prolific Ælfric of Eynsham (\"the Grammarian\"). This form of the language is known as the \"Winchester standard\", or more commonly as Late West Saxon. It is considered to represent the \"classical\" form of Old English. It retained its position of prestige until the time of the Norman Conquest, after which English ceased for a time to be of importance as a literary language.\nQuestion: What event led to English temporarily losing its importance as a literary language? Answer:", "completion": "the Norman Conquest"}
{"id": "572819323acd2414000df47f", "answers": {"text": ["plight of their Church."], "answer_start": [132]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: From mid-May to September 1989, Ukrainian Greek-Catholic hunger strikers staged protests on Moscow's Arbat to call attention to the plight of their Church. They were especially active during the July session of the World Council of Churches held in Moscow. The protest ended with the arrests of the group on September 18. On May 27, 1989, the founding conference of the Lviv regional Memorial Society was held. On June 18, 1989, an estimated 100,000 faithful participated in public religious services in Ivano-Frankivsk in western Ukraine, responding to Cardinal Myroslav Lubachivsky's call for an international day of prayer.\nQuestion: What were the hunger strikers hoping to draw attention to? Answer:", "completion": "plight of their Church."}
{"id": "570ffff5b654c5140001f725", "answers": {"text": ["x. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli,"], "answer_start": [401]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Another study on men and women's patterns of sexual arousal confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations. The study found that women's genitals become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexual and homosexual) and from videos showing non-human primates (bonobos) having sex. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli, their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).\nQuestion: Did men have any arousal from non human videos containing sex? Answer:", "completion": "x. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli,"}
{"id": "56fb7a7f8ddada1400cd643f", "answers": {"text": ["the peasant class"], "answer_start": [487]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The clergy was divided into two types: the secular clergy, who lived out in the world, and the regular clergy, who lived under a religious rule and were usually monks. Throughout the period monks remained a very small proportion of the population, usually less than one per cent. Most of the regular clergy were drawn from the nobility, the same social class that served as the recruiting ground for the upper levels of the secular clergy. The local parish priests were often drawn from the peasant class. Townsmen were in a somewhat unusual position, as they did not fit into the traditional three-fold division of society into nobles, clergy, and peasants. During the 12th and 13th centuries, the ranks of the townsmen expanded greatly as existing towns grew and new population centres were founded. But throughout the Middle Ages the population of the towns probably never exceeded 10 per cent of the total population.\nQuestion: From what class were many parish priests? Answer:", "completion": "the peasant class"}
{"id": "5727bbc63acd2414000deae0", "answers": {"text": ["rule of law"], "answer_start": [798]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the West, the ancient Greeks initially regarded the best form of government as rule by the best men. Plato advocated a benevolent monarchy ruled by an idealized philosopher king, who was above the law. Plato nevertheless hoped that the best men would be good at respecting established laws, explaining that \"Where the law is subject to some other authority and has none of its own, the collapse of the state, in my view, is not far off; but if law is the master of the government and the government is its slave, then the situation is full of promise and men enjoy all the blessings that the gods shower on a state.\" More than Plato attempted to do, Aristotle flatly opposed letting the highest officials wield power beyond guarding and serving the laws. In other words, Aristotle advocated the rule of law:\nQuestion: Under what rule did Aristotle believe a nation should be led? Answer:", "completion": "rule of law"}
{"id": "56d0ac6c234ae51400d9c415", "answers": {"text": ["suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra)"], "answer_start": [331]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The concept of liberation (nirvāṇa)—the goal of the Buddhist path—is closely related to overcoming ignorance (avidyā), a fundamental misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one develops dispassion for the objects of clinging, and is liberated from suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra). To this end, the Buddha recommended viewing things as characterized by the three marks of existence.\nQuestion: Upon awakening to the true nature of the self, what is one is liberated from? Answer:", "completion": "suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra)"}
{"id": "5728b5c04b864d1900164c98", "answers": {"text": ["composer James Reese Europe."], "answer_start": [871]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Instruments were marketed by teacher-dealers, much as the title character in the popular musical The Music Man. Often, these teacher-dealers conducted mandolin orchestras: groups of 4-50 musicians who played various mandolin family instruments. However, alongside the teacher-dealers were serious musicians, working to create a spot for the instrument in classical music, ragtime and jazz. Like the teacher-dealers, they traveled the U.S., recording records, giving performances and teaching individuals and mandolin orchestras. Samuel Siegel played mandolin in Vaudeville and became one of America's preeminent mandolinists. Seth Weeks was an African American who not only taught and performed in the United States, but also in Europe, where he recorded records. Another pioneering African American musician and director who made his start with a mandolin orchestra was composer James Reese Europe. W. Eugene Page toured the country with a group, and was well known for his mandolin and mandola performances. Other names include Valentine Abt, Samuel Adelstein, William Place, Jr., and Aubrey Stauffer.\nQuestion: Who was the famous African American musican and director? Answer:", "completion": "composer James Reese Europe."}
{"id": "571aaeda10f8ca14003052d9", "answers": {"text": ["explicitly prohibited false therapeutic claims"], "answer_start": [641]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting \"Elixir Sulfanilamide\" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only under the technicality that the product had been called an \"elixir\", which literally implied a solution in ethanol. In response to this episode, the U.S. Congress passed the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, which for the first time required pre-market demonstration of safety before a drug could be sold, and explicitly prohibited false therapeutic claims.\nQuestion: What was one of the things the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act do? Answer:", "completion": "explicitly prohibited false therapeutic claims"}
{"id": "57299fb33f37b31900478519", "answers": {"text": ["None of the summits reaches the region of perpetual snow."], "answer_start": [948]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Appalachian belt includes, with the ranges enumerated above, the plateaus sloping southward to the Atlantic Ocean in New England, and south-eastward to the border of the coastal plain through the central and southern Atlantic states; and on the north-west, the Allegheny and Cumberland plateaus declining toward the Great Lakes and the interior plains. A remarkable feature of the belt is the longitudinal chain of broad valleys, including The Great Appalachian Valley, which in the southerly sections divides the mountain system into two unequal portions, but in the northernmost lies west of all the ranges possessing typical Appalachian features, and separates them from the Adirondack group. The mountain system has no axis of dominating altitudes, but in every portion the summits rise to rather uniform heights, and, especially in the central section, the various ridges and intermontane valleys have the same trend as the system itself. None of the summits reaches the region of perpetual snow.\nQuestion: What is the climate like on the summits? Answer:", "completion": "None of the summits reaches the region of perpetual snow."}
{"id": "570e5eae0dc6ce1900204fc2", "answers": {"text": ["Melbourne Shuffle"], "answer_start": [598]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Melbourne rates highly in education, entertainment, health care, research and development, tourism and sport, making it the world's most liveable city—for the fifth year in a row in 2015, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit. It is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region, and ranks among the top 30 cities in the world in the Global Financial Centres Index. Referred to as Australia's \"cultural capital\", it is the birthplace of Australian impressionism, Australian rules football, the Australian film and television industries, and Australian contemporary dance such as the Melbourne Shuffle. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a major centre for street art, music and theatre. It is home to many of Australia's largest and oldest cultural institutions such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the National Gallery of Victoria, the State Library of Victoria and the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building.\nQuestion: What is one example of Australian contemporary dance? Answer:", "completion": "Melbourne Shuffle"}
{"id": "56e14515e3433e1400422d1a", "answers": {"text": ["fourth"], "answer_start": [18]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: It is the world's fourth oldest major film studio, after the renowned French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, and the Danish Nordisk Film company.\nQuestion: Among major film studies, where does Universal Studios rank in terms of age? Answer:", "completion": "fourth"}
{"id": "5728c01f4b864d1900164d52", "answers": {"text": ["92%"], "answer_start": [171]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 2005, Estonia joined the European Union's Nordic Battle Group. It has also shown continued interest in joining the Nordic Council. Whereas in 1992 Russia accounted for 92% of Estonia's international trade, today there is extensive economic interdependence between Estonia and its Nordic neighbours: three quarters of foreign investment in Estonia originates in the Nordic countries (principally Finland and Sweden), to which Estonia sends 42% of its exports (as compared to 6.5% going to Russia, 8.8% to Latvia, and 4.7% to Lithuania). On the other hand, the Estonian political system, its flat rate of income tax, and its non-welfare-state model distinguish it from the Nordic countries and their Nordic model, and indeed from many other European countries.\nQuestion: What percentage of Estonia's foreign trade was held by Russia in 1992? Answer:", "completion": "92%"}
{"id": "572689e65951b619008f7637", "answers": {"text": ["150,000"], "answer_start": [184]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: During 1976, Queen played one of their most famous gigs, a free concert in Hyde Park, London. A concert organised by the entrepreneur Richard Branson, it set an attendance record with 150,000 people confirmed in the audience. On 1 December 1976, Queen were the intended guests on London's early evening Today programme, but they pulled out at the last-minute, which saw their late replacement on the show, EMI labelmate the Sex Pistols, give their seminal interview. During the A Day at the Races Tour in 1977, Queen performed sold-out shows at Madison Square Garden, New York, in February, and Earls Court, London, in June.\nQuestion: How many people helped Queen set a 1976 attendance record? Answer:", "completion": "150,000"}
{"id": "5726c5c7f1498d1400e8ead1", "answers": {"text": ["The east end is polygonal"], "answer_start": [604]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The distinctive characteristic of French cathedrals, and those in Germany and Belgium that were strongly influenced by them, is their height and their impression of verticality. Each French cathedral tends to be stylistically unified in appearance when compared with an English cathedral where there is great diversity in almost every building. They are compact, with slight or no projection of the transepts and subsidiary chapels. The west fronts are highly consistent, having three portals surmounted by a rose window, and two large towers. Sometimes there are additional towers on the transept ends. The east end is polygonal with ambulatory and sometimes a chevette of radiating chapels. In the south of France, many of the major churches are without transepts and some are without aisles.\nQuestion: What shape does the east end of French chapels typically have? Answer:", "completion": "The east end is polygonal"}
{"id": "56de37c0cffd8e1900b4b688", "answers": {"text": ["300 AD"], "answer_start": [172]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages.\nQuestion: By what year was the Roman Empire split into two sections? Answer:", "completion": "300 AD"}
{"id": "56f7f401aef2371900625cc5", "answers": {"text": ["Americas"], "answer_start": [262]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On 7 April 1963, the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on freedom of speech and religious expression. Tito subsequently went on a tour of the Americas. In Chile, two government ministers resigned over his visit to that country. In the autumn of 1960 Tito met President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the United Nations General Assembly meeting. Tito and Eisenhower discussed a range of issues from arms control to economic development. When Eisenhower remarked that Yugoslavia's neutralism was \"neutral on his side\", Tito replied that neutralism did not imply passivity but meant \"not taking sides\".\nQuestion: Two government ministers resigned over Tito's visit to what region? Answer:", "completion": "Americas"}
{"id": "56dcff6466d3e219004dab9b", "answers": {"text": ["Equator"], "answer_start": [36]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.\nQuestion: On what major line of latitude is the Congo located? Answer:", "completion": "Equator"}
{"id": "570b4563ec8fbc190045b945", "answers": {"text": ["United Nations"], "answer_start": [64]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops.\nQuestion: What organization did all combatants on both sides of the war belong to? Answer:", "completion": "United Nations"}
{"id": "56cfbc7f234ae51400d9bf33", "answers": {"text": ["areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation"], "answer_start": [49]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Geography effects solar energy potential because areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation. However, the use of photovoltaics that can follow the position of the sun can significantly increase the solar energy potential in areas that are farther from the equator. Time variation effects the potential of solar energy because during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth for solar panels to absorb. This limits the amount of energy that solar panels can absorb in one day. Cloud cover can effect the potential of solar panels because clouds block incoming light from the sun and reduce the light available for solar cells.\nQuestion: Why does geography have an effect of the amount of solar energy available? Answer:", "completion": "areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation"}
{"id": "572eb943c246551400ce4576", "answers": {"text": ["U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions."], "answer_start": [622]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya (\"state of the masses\"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, Gaddafi's support for foreign militants and alleged responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing led to Libya's label of \"international pariah\". A particularly hostile relationship developed with the United States and United Kingdom, resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions. Rejecting his earlier ideological commitments, from 1999 Gaddafi encouraged economic privatization and sought rapprochement with Western nations, also embracing Pan-Africanism and helping to establish the African Union. Amid the Arab Spring, in 2011 an anti-Gaddafist uprising led by the National Transitional Council (NTC) broke out, resulting in the Libyan Civil War. NATO intervened militarily on the side of the NTC, bringing about the government's downfall. Retreating to Sirte, Gaddafi was captured and killed by NTC militants.\nQuestion: How did the world respond to Libya in 1986? Answer:", "completion": "U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations-imposed economic sanctions."}
{"id": "572f7697a23a5019007fc64e", "answers": {"text": ["the Telangana uprising"], "answer_start": [667]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: After India gained independence, the Nizam declared his intention to remain independent rather than become part of the Indian Union. The Hyderabad State Congress, with the support of the Indian National Congress and the Communist Party of India, began agitating against Nizam VII in 1948. On 17 September that year, the Indian Army took control of Hyderabad State after an invasion codenamed Operation Polo. With the defeat of his forces, Nizam VII capitulated to the Indian Union by signing an Instrument of Accession, which made him the Rajpramukh (Princely Governor) of the state until 31 October 1956. Between 1946 and 1951, the Communist Party of India fomented the Telangana uprising against the feudal lords of the Telangana region. The Constitution of India, which became effective on 26 January 1950, made Hyderabad State one of the part B states of India, with Hyderabad city continuing to be the capital. In his 1955 report Thoughts on Linguistic States, B. R. Ambedkar, then chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution, proposed designating the city of Hyderabad as the second capital of India because of its amenities and strategic central location. Since 1956, the Rashtrapati Nilayam in Hyderabad has been the second official residence and business office of the President of India; the President stays once a year in winter and conducts official business particularly relating to Southern India.\nQuestion: Which uprising occurred from 1946 to 1951? Answer:", "completion": "the Telangana uprising"}
{"id": "572b6b0a111d821400f38e88", "answers": {"text": ["idealist"], "answer_start": [128]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Any philosophy that assigns crucial importance to the ideal or spiritual realm in its account of human existence may be termed \"idealist\". Metaphysical idealism is an ontological doctrine that holds that reality itself is incorporeal or experiential at its core. Beyond this, idealists disagree on which aspects of the mental are more basic. Platonic idealism affirms that abstractions are more basic to reality than the things we perceive, while subjective idealists and phenomenalists tend to privilege sensory experience over abstract reasoning. Epistemological idealism is the view that reality can only be known through ideas, that only psychological experience can be apprehended by the mind.\nQuestion: What is the term used for philosophies that consider the spiritual to be of paramount importance? Answer:", "completion": "idealist"}
{"id": "57266c7f708984140094c58c", "answers": {"text": ["a few days up to multiple decades"], "answer_start": [201]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Other stories result from a natural rivalry between two or more characters. Outside of performance, these are referred to as feuds. A feud can exist between any number of participants and can last for a few days up to multiple decades. The feud between Ric Flair and Ricky Steamboat lasted from the late 1970s into the early 1990s and allegedly spanned over two thousand matches (although most of those matches were mere dark matches). The career-spanning history between characters Mike Awesome and Masato Tanaka is another example of a long-running feud, as is the case of Stone Cold Steve Austin vs. Mr. McMahon, one of the most lucrative feuds in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) during 1998 and 1999.\nQuestion: How long might a feud last? Answer:", "completion": "a few days up to multiple decades"}
{"id": "572774e65951b619008f8a5b", "answers": {"text": ["Carnivals"], "answer_start": [25]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Some Belgian cities hold Carnivals during Lent. One of the best-known is Stavelot, where the Carnival de la Laetare takes place on Laetare Sunday, the fourth Sunday of Lent. The participants include the Blancs-Moussis, who dress in white, carry long red noses and parade through town attacking bystanders with confetti and dried pig bladders. The town of Halle also celebrates on Laetare Sunday. Belgium's oldest parade is the Carnival Parade of Maaseik, also held on Laetare Sunday, which originated in 1865.\nQuestion: What do some Belgian cities hold during Lent? Answer:", "completion": "Carnivals"}
{"id": "56f8a7409b226e1400dd0d5e", "answers": {"text": ["plasmids"], "answer_start": [310]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) typically store their genomes on a single large, circular chromosome. Similarly, some eukaryotic organelles contain a remnant circular chromosome with a small number of genes.:14.4 Prokaryotes sometimes supplement their chromosome with additional small circles of DNA called plasmids, which usually encode only a few genes and are transferable between individuals. For example, the genes for antibiotic resistance are usually encoded on bacterial plasmids and can be passed between individual cells, even those of different species, via horizontal gene transfer.\nQuestion: Small circles of DNA that encode only a few genes and are transferable between individuals are called what? Answer:", "completion": "plasmids"}
{"id": "572aa931f75d5e190021fc11", "answers": {"text": ["March 1, 1969"], "answer_start": [581]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Kerry's commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander George Elliott, stated to Douglas Brinkley in 2003 that he did not know whether to court-martial Kerry for beaching the boat without orders or give him a medal for saving the crew. Elliott recommended Kerry for the Silver Star, and Zumwalt flew into An Thoi to personally award medals to Kerry and the rest of the sailors involved in the mission. The Navy's account of Kerry's actions is presented in the original medal citation signed by Zumwalt. The engagement was documented in an after-action report, a press release written on March 1, 1969, and a historical summary dated March 17, 1969.\nQuestion: When was a press release put out about Kerry earning the Silver Star? Answer:", "completion": "March 1, 1969"}
{"id": "56de708bcffd8e1900b4b8d4", "answers": {"text": ["1971"], "answer_start": [11]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On May 20, 1971, his brother, Meinhard, died in a car accident. Meinhard had been drinking and was killed instantly. Schwarzenegger did not attend his funeral. Meinhard was due to marry Erika Knapp, and the couple had a three-year-old son, Patrick. Schwarzenegger would pay for Patrick's education and help him to emigrate to the United States. Gustav died the following year from a stroke. In Pumping Iron, Schwarzenegger claimed that he did not attend his father's funeral because he was training for a bodybuilding contest. Later, he and the film's producer said this story was taken from another bodybuilder for the purpose of showing the extremes that some would go to for their sport and to make Schwarzenegger's image more cold and machine-like in order to fan controversy for the film. Barbara Baker, his first serious girlfriend, has said he informed her of his father's death without emotion and that he never spoke of his brother. Over time, he has given at least three versions of why he was absent from his father's funeral.\nQuestion: What year did Schwarzenegger's brother die? Answer:", "completion": "1971"}
{"id": "5733b49a4776f419006610c3", "answers": {"text": ["before the turn of the 20th century"], "answer_start": [574]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da Bandeira, Silva Porto, Malanje, Tete, Vila Junqueiro, Vila Pery and Vila Cabral were founded or redeveloped inland during this period and beyond. New coastal towns like Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, João Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia were also founded. Even before the turn of the 20th century, railway tracks as the Benguela railway in Angola, and the Beira railway in Mozambique, started to be built to link coastal areas and selected inland regions.\nQuestion: When were railroad tracks being installed Portugese Africa? Answer:", "completion": "before the turn of the 20th century"}
{"id": "57327187b9d445190005eb25", "answers": {"text": ["American scientists"], "answer_start": [640]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On the whole, Eisenhower's support of the nation's fledgling space program was officially modest until the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957, gaining the Cold War enemy enormous prestige around the world. He then launched a national campaign that funded not just space exploration but a major strengthening of science and higher education. His Open Skies Policy attempted to legitimize illegal Lockheed U-2 flyovers and Project Genetrix while paving the way for spy satellite technology to orbit over sovereign territory, created NASA as a civilian space agency, signed a landmark science education law, and fostered improved relations with American scientists.\nQuestion: With whom did Eisenhower try to improve relations? Answer:", "completion": "American scientists"}
{"id": "5727024e708984140094d86a", "answers": {"text": ["Alfred Lord Tennyson"], "answer_start": [263]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Cardigan formed up his unit and charged the length of the Valley of the Balaclava, under fire from Russian batteries in the hills. The charge of the Light Brigade caused 278 casualties of the 700-man unit. The Light Brigade was memorialized in the famous poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson, \"The Charge of the Light Brigade.\" Although traditionally the charge of the Light Brigade was looked upon as a glorious but wasted sacrifice of good men and horses, recent historians say that the charge of the Light Brigade did succeed in at least some of its objectives. The aim of any cavalry charge is to scatter the enemy lines and frighten the enemy off the battlefield. The charge of the Light Brigade had so unnerved the Russian cavalry, which had previously been routed by the Heavy Brigade, that the Russian Cavalry was set to full-scale flight by the subsequent charge of the Light Brigade.:252\nQuestion: Who wrote the famous poem about the Light Brigade? Answer:", "completion": "Alfred Lord Tennyson"}
{"id": "57266312f1498d1400e8dddb", "answers": {"text": ["1977"], "answer_start": [62]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Born in Bay City, Michigan, Madonna moved to New York City in 1977 to pursue a career in modern dance. After performing in the music groups Breakfast Club and Emmy, she signed with Sire Records (an auxiliary label of Warner Bros. Records) in 1982 and released her self-titled debut album the following year. She followed it with a series of commercially and critcally successful albums, including the Grammy Award winners Ray of Light (1998) and Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005). Throughout her career, Madonna has written and produced most of her songs, with many of them reaching number one on the record charts, including \"Like a Virgin\", \"Into the Groove\", \"Papa Don't Preach\", \"Like a Prayer\", \"Vogue\", \"Frozen\", \"Music\", \"Hung Up\", and \"4 Minutes\".\nQuestion: In which year did Madonna move to New York City? Answer:", "completion": "1977"}
{"id": "572f51f5a23a5019007fc537", "answers": {"text": ["legume"], "answer_start": [397]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Agriculture is almost entirely dependent on angiosperms, which provide virtually all plant-based food, and also provide a significant amount of livestock feed. Of all the families of plants, the Poaceae, or grass family (grains), is by far the most important, providing the bulk of all feedstocks (rice, corn — maize, wheat, barley, rye, oats, pearl millet, sugar cane, sorghum). The Fabaceae, or legume family, comes in second place. Also of high importance are the Solanaceae, or nightshade family (potatoes, tomatoes, and peppers, among others), the Cucurbitaceae, or gourd family (also including pumpkins and melons), the Brassicaceae, or mustard plant family (including rapeseed and the innumerable varieties of the cabbage species Brassica oleracea), and the Apiaceae, or parsley family. Many of our fruits come from the Rutaceae, or rue family (including oranges, lemons, grapefruits, etc.), and the Rosaceae, or rose family (including apples, pears, cherries, apricots, plums, etc.).\nQuestion: What is the more common name of the Fabaceae? Answer:", "completion": "legume"}
{"id": "56df7ee45ca0a614008f9b57", "answers": {"text": ["2012"], "answer_start": [720]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Oklahoma City is home to the state's largest school district, Oklahoma City Public Schools. The district's Classen School of Advanced Studies and Harding Charter Preparatory High School rank high among public schools nationally according to a formula that looks at the number of Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate and/or Cambridge tests taken by the school's students divided by the number of graduating seniors. In addition, OKCPS's Belle Isle Enterprise Middle School was named the top middle school in the state according to the Academic Performance Index, and recently received the Blue Ribbon School Award, in 2004 and again in 2011. KIPP Reach College Preparatory School in Oklahoma City received the 2012 National Blue Ribbon along with its school leader, Tracy McDaniel Sr., being awarded the Terrel H. Bell Award for Outstanding Leadership.\nQuestion: What year did KIPP Reach College Preparatory School win the National Blue Ribbon Award? Answer:", "completion": "2012"}
{"id": "570f44b95ab6b81900390ebd", "answers": {"text": ["Patrick and Gilbert"], "answer_start": [9]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1896, Patrick and Gilbert observed that during a prolonged period of sleep deprivation, sleepiness increases and decreases with a period of approximately 24 hours. In 1918, J.S. Szymanski showed that animals are capable of maintaining 24-hour activity patterns in the absence of external cues such as light and changes in temperature. In the early 20th century, circadian rhythms were noticed in the rhythmic feeding times of bees. Extensive experiments were done by Auguste Forel, Ingeborg Beling, and Oskar Wahl to see whether this rhythm was due to an endogenous clock.[citation needed] Ron Konopka and Seymour Benzer isolated the first clock mutant in Drosophila in the early 1970s and mapped the \"period\" gene, the first discovered genetic determinant of behavioral rhythmicity. Joseph Takahashi discovered the first mammalian circadian clock mutation (clockΔ19) using mice in 1994. However, recent studies show that deletion of clock does not lead to a behavioral phenotype (the animals still have normal circadian rhythms), which questions its importance in rhythm generation.\nQuestion: Who noticed that sleepiness increases and decreases in a 24 hour period? Answer:", "completion": "Patrick and Gilbert"}
{"id": "572642daec44d21400f3dd0b", "answers": {"text": ["Iron Age"], "answer_start": [507]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Within the Indo-European language tree, Dutch is grouped within the Germanic languages, which means it shares a common ancestor with languages such as English, German, and Scandinavian languages. All Germanic languages are united by subjection to the sound shifts of Grimm's law and Verner's law which originated in the Proto-Germanic language and define the basic differentiating features from other Indo-European languages. This assumed to have originated in approximately the mid-first millennium BCE in Iron Age northern Europe.\nQuestion: In what age did the sound patterns that distinguish Germanic languages develop? Answer:", "completion": "Iron Age"}
{"id": "572fbcc4947a6a140053cc0c", "answers": {"text": ["chemical compounds"], "answer_start": [436]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Bacteria are further divided into lithotrophs that use inorganic electron donors and organotrophs that use organic compounds as electron donors. Chemotrophic organisms use the respective electron donors for energy conservation (by aerobic/anaerobic respiration or fermentation) and biosynthetic reactions (e.g., carbon dioxide fixation), whereas phototrophic organisms use them only for biosynthetic purposes. Respiratory organisms use chemical compounds as a source of energy by taking electrons from the reduced substrate and transferring them to a terminal electron acceptor in a redox reaction. This reaction releases energy that can be used to synthesise ATP and drive metabolism. In aerobic organisms, oxygen is used as the electron acceptor. In anaerobic organisms other inorganic compounds, such as nitrate, sulfate or carbon dioxide are used as electron acceptors. This leads to the ecologically important processes of denitrification, sulfate reduction, and acetogenesis, respectively.\nQuestion: What do respiratory organisms use as electron donors? Answer:", "completion": "chemical compounds"}
{"id": "5733766ed058e614000b5b61", "answers": {"text": ["modernization and industrialization"], "answer_start": [214]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: But while Claremont remains the most concentrated hub of Whiteheadian activity, the place where Whitehead's thought currently seems to be growing the most quickly is in China. In order to address the challenges of modernization and industrialization, China has begun to blend traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism with Whitehead's \"constructive post-modern\" philosophy in order to create an \"ecological civilization.\" To date, the Chinese government has encouraged the building of twenty-three university-based centers for the study of Whitehead's philosophy, and books by process philosophers John Cobb and David Ray Griffin are becoming required reading for Chinese graduate students. Cobb has attributed China's interest in process philosophy partly to Whitehead's stress on the mutual interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts.\nQuestion: What challenges are China using Whitehead's ideas to help manage? Answer:", "completion": "modernization and industrialization"}
{"id": "572c84d4dfb02c14005c6b92", "answers": {"text": ["Cleveland"], "answer_start": [300]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.\nQuestion: Which Tennessee city contains the headquarters of the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy? Answer:", "completion": "Cleveland"}
{"id": "572642db38643c19005ad3ba", "answers": {"text": ["the 18th century"], "answer_start": [285]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: English Freemasonry spread to France in the 1720s, first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites, and then as distinctively French lodges which still follow the ritual of the Moderns. From France and England, Freemasonry spread to most of Continental Europe during the course of the 18th century. The Grande Loge de France formed under the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont, who exercised only nominal authority. His successor, the Duke of Orléans, reconstituted the central body as the Grand Orient de France in 1773. Briefly eclipsed during the French Revolution, French Freemasonry continued to grow in the next century.\nQuestion: When did Freemasonry spread to most of the Continental Europe? Answer:", "completion": "the 18th century"}
{"id": "5730260904bcaa1900d7722f", "answers": {"text": ["the monarchy"], "answer_start": [298]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Caesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 BC. The assassination was led by Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus. Most of the conspirators were senators, who had a variety of economic, political, or personal motivations for carrying out the assassination. Many were afraid that Caesar would soon resurrect the monarchy and declare himself king. Others feared loss of property or prestige as Caesar carried out his land reforms in favor of the landless classes. Virtually all the conspirators fled the city after Caesar's death in fear of retaliation. The civil war that followed destroyed what was left of the Republic.\nQuestion: What did some members of the conspiracy believe Caesar would bring back? Answer:", "completion": "the monarchy"}
{"id": "57261fd438643c19005ad04c", "answers": {"text": ["King Edward's heavy redecorations"], "answer_start": [570]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1901 the accession of Edward VII saw new life breathed into the palace. The new King and his wife Queen Alexandra had always been at the forefront of London high society, and their friends, known as \"the Marlborough House Set\", were considered to be the most eminent and fashionable of the age. Buckingham Palace—the Ballroom, Grand Entrance, Marble Hall, Grand Staircase, vestibules and galleries redecorated in the Belle époque cream and gold colour scheme they retain today—once again became a setting for entertaining on a majestic scale but leaving some to feel King Edward's heavy redecorations were at odds with Nash's original work.\nQuestion: What was at odds with Nash's original work in the palace? Answer:", "completion": "King Edward's heavy redecorations"}
{"id": "57279967dd62a815002ea19e", "answers": {"text": ["represent the nearest approximation in every respect of the author's final intentions"], "answer_start": [193]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: McKerrow had articulated textual criticism's goal in terms of \"our ideal of an author's fair copy of his work in its final state\". Bowers asserted that editions founded on Greg's method would \"represent the nearest approximation in every respect of the author's final intentions.\" Bowers stated similarly that the editor's task is to \"approximate as nearly as possible an inferential authorial fair copy.\" Tanselle notes that, \"Textual criticism ... has generally been undertaken with a view to reconstructing, as accurately as possible, the text finally intended by the author\".\nQuestion: What did Bower's say about Greg's method? Answer:", "completion": "represent the nearest approximation in every respect of the author's final intentions"}
{"id": "56de69b84396321400ee28a8", "answers": {"text": ["Farnsworth image dissector"], "answer_start": [196]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The two systems were to run on a trial basis for six months; early television sets supported both resolutions. However, the Baird system, which used a mechanical camera for filmed programming and Farnsworth image dissector cameras for live programming, proved too cumbersome and visually inferior, and ended with closedown (at 22:00) on Saturday 13 February 1937. \nQuestion: What kind of camera was used to broadcast live shows under the Baird system? Answer:", "completion": "Farnsworth image dissector"}
{"id": "57289dd54b864d1900164ac9", "answers": {"text": ["quiet instruments"], "answer_start": [101]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Pre-mandolin instruments were quiet instruments, strung with as many as six courses of gut strings, and were plucked with the fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder—using four courses of metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There is usually one or more sound holes in the soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic F (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling.\nQuestion: Were premandolins quiet or loud instruments? Answer:", "completion": "quiet instruments"}
{"id": "56db2e2de7c41114004b4eec", "answers": {"text": ["Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj"], "answer_start": [187]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Towards the end of the season, Randy Jackson, the last remaining of the original judges, announced that he would no longer serve as a judge to pursue other business ventures. Both judges Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj also decided to leave after one season to focus on their music careers.\nQuestion: Who were the other judges to leave after this season? Answer:", "completion": "Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj"}
{"id": "570d3c0eb3d812140066d5a6", "answers": {"text": ["Fort Polk, Louisiana"], "answer_start": [298]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment.\nQuestion: Where is the Joint Readiness Training Center located? Answer:", "completion": "Fort Polk, Louisiana"}
{"id": "57321963e99e3014001e650d", "answers": {"text": ["auspex"], "answer_start": [540]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Birds play prominent and diverse roles in religion and mythology. In religion, birds may serve as either messengers or priests and leaders for a deity, such as in the Cult of Makemake, in which the Tangata manu of Easter Island served as chiefs or as attendants, as in the case of Hugin and Munin, the two common ravens who whispered news into the ears of the Norse god Odin. In several civilizations of ancient Italy, particularly Etruscan and Roman religion, priests were involved in augury, or interpreting the words of birds while the \"auspex\" (from which the word \"auspicious\" is derived) watched their activities to foretell events. They may also serve as religious symbols, as when Jonah (Hebrew: יוֹנָה, dove) embodied the fright, passivity, mourning, and beauty traditionally associated with doves. Birds have themselves been deified, as in the case of the common peacock, which is perceived as Mother Earth by the Dravidians of India. In religious images preserved from the Inca and Tiwanaku empires, birds are depicted in the process of transgressing boundaries between earthly and underground spiritual realms. Indigenous peoples of the central Andes maintain legends of birds passing to and from metaphysical worlds. The mythical chullumpi bird is said to mark the existence of a portal between such worlds, and to transform itself into a llama.\nQuestion: The word auspicious is derived from which word? Answer:", "completion": "auspex"}
{"id": "56df7cdc5ca0a614008f9b15", "answers": {"text": ["Exeter"], "answer_start": [330]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Plymouth is served by Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust and the city's NHS hospital is Derriford Hospital 4 miles (6 km) north of the city centre. The Royal Eye Infirmary is located at Derriford Hospital. South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust operates in Plymouth and the rest of the south west; its headquarters are in Exeter.\nQuestion: Where is South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust headquartered? Answer:", "completion": "Exeter"}
{"id": "5706a62375f01819005e7ccc", "answers": {"text": ["Frankie Knuckles"], "answer_start": [241]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The term \"house music\" is said to have originated from a Chicago club called The Warehouse, which existed from 1977 to 1983. Clubbers to The Warehouse were primarily black and gay, who came to dance to music played by the club's resident DJ Frankie Knuckles, whom fans refer to as the \"godfather of house\". After the Warehouse closed in 1983, the crowds went to Knuckles' new club, The Power Plant. In the Channel 4 documentary Pump Up The Volume, Knuckles remarks that the first time he heard the term \"house music\" was upon seeing \"we play house music\" on a sign in the window of a bar on Chicago's South Side. One of the people in the car with him joked, \"you know, that's the kind of music you play down at the Warehouse!\", and then everybody laughed. South-Side Chicago DJ Leonard \"Remix\" Roy, in self-published statements, claims he put such a sign in a tavern window because it was where he played music that one might find in one's home; in his case, it referred to his mother's soul & disco records, which he worked into his sets. Farley Jackmaster Funk was quoted as saying \"In 1982, I was DJing at a club called The Playground and there was this kid named Leonard 'Remix' Roy who was a DJ at a rival club called The Rink. He came over to my club one night, and into the DJ booth and said to me, 'I've got the gimmick that's gonna take all the people out of your club and into mine – it's called House music.' Now, where he got that name from or what made him think of it I don't know, so the answer lies with him.\"\nQuestion: who was the resident DJ at The Warehouse in Chicago? Answer:", "completion": "Frankie Knuckles"}
{"id": "57301e40a23a5019007fcdbc", "answers": {"text": ["On the Road"], "answer_start": [1168]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Near the intersection of Craycroft and Ft. Lowell Roads are the remnants of the Historic Fort Lowell. This area has become one of Tucson's iconic neighborhoods. In 1891, the Fort was abandoned and much of the interior was stripped of their useful components and it quickly fell into ruin. In 1900, three of the officer buildings were purchased for use as a sanitarium. The sanitarium was then sold to Harvey Adkins in 1928. The Bolsius family Pete, Nan and Charles Bolsius purchased and renovated surviving adobe buildings of the Fort – transforming them into spectacular artistic southwestern architectural examples. Their woodwork, plaster treatment and sense of proportion drew on their Dutch heritage and New Mexican experience. Other artists and academics throughout the middle of the 20th century, including: Win Ellis, Jack Maul, Madame Cheruy, Giorgio Belloli, Charels Bode, Veronica Hughart, Edward and Rosamond Spicer, Hazel Larson Archer and Ruth Brown, renovated adobes, built homes and lived in the area. The artist colony attracted writers and poets including beat generation Alan Harrington and Jack Kerouac whose visit is documented in his iconic book On the Road. This rural pocket in the middle of the city is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Each year in February the neighborhood celebrates its history in the City Landmark it owns and restored the San Pedro Chapel.\nQuestion: Jack Kerouac authored what iconic book? Answer:", "completion": "On the Road"}
{"id": "56e7bbeb37bdd419002c43db", "answers": {"text": ["in order to host The 10th National Game of People's Republic of China"], "answer_start": [9]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 2005, in order to host The 10th National Game of People's Republic of China, there was a new stadium, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center, constructed in Nanjing. Compared to Wutaishan Sports Center, which the major stadium's capacity is 18,500, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center has a more advanced stadium which is big enough to seat 60,000 spectators. Its gymnasium has capacity of 13,000, and natatorium of capacity 3,000.\nQuestion: Why was the Nanjing Olympic Sports Center built? Answer:", "completion": "in order to host The 10th National Game of People's Republic of China"}
{"id": "571aa99d4faf5e1900b8abd4", "answers": {"text": ["khalifat Allah"], "answer_start": [413]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Umayyads have met with a largely negative reception from later Islamic historians, who have accused them of promoting a kingship (mulk, a term with connotations of tyranny) instead of a true caliphate (khilafa). In this respect it is notable that the Umayyad caliphs referred to themselves not as khalifat rasul Allah (\"successor of the messenger of God\", the title preferred by the tradition), but rather as khalifat Allah (\"deputy of God\"). The distinction seems to indicate that the Umayyads \"regarded themselves as God's representatives at the head of the community and saw no need to share their religious power with, or delegate it to, the emergent class of religious scholars.\" In fact, it was precisely this class of scholars, based largely in Iraq, that was responsible for collecting and recording the traditions that form the primary source material for the history of the Umayyad period. In reconstructing this history, therefore, it is necessary to rely mainly on sources, such as the histories of Tabari and Baladhuri, that were written in the Abbasid court at Baghdad.\nQuestion: What Arabic term did the Umayyad caliphs use to refer to themselves? Answer:", "completion": "khalifat Allah"}
{"id": "57318f2c05b4da19006bd2ac", "answers": {"text": ["faith or dogma"], "answer_start": [215]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Roman religion was thus practical and contractual, based on the principle of do ut des, \"I give that you might give.\" Religion depended on knowledge and the correct practice of prayer, ritual, and sacrifice, not on faith or dogma, although Latin literature preserves learned speculation on the nature of the divine and its relation to human affairs. Even the most skeptical among Rome's intellectual elite such as Cicero, who was an augur, saw religion as a source of social order. For ordinary Romans, religion was a part of daily life. Each home had a household shrine at which prayers and libations to the family's domestic deities were offered. Neighborhood shrines and sacred places such as springs and groves dotted the city. The Roman calendar was structured around religious observances. Women, slaves, and children all participated in a range of religious activities. Some public rituals could be conducted only by women, and women formed what is perhaps Rome's most famous priesthood, the state-supported Vestals, who tended Rome's sacred hearth for centuries, until disbanded under Christian domination.\nQuestion: What characteristics were not inherent in Roman religious practice? Answer:", "completion": "faith or dogma"}
{"id": "57265f07dd62a815002e82f2", "answers": {"text": ["New York"], "answer_start": [687]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Wolverine, Thor, Hulk, Ant-Man, such teams as the Avengers, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Fantastic Four, the Inhumans and the X-Men, and antagonists such as Doctor Doom, The Enchantress, Green Goblin, Ultron, Doctor Octopus, Thanos, Magneto and Loki. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with locations that mirror real-life cities. Characters such as Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four, the Avengers, Daredevil and Doctor Strange are based in New York City, whereas the X-Men have historically been based in Salem Center, New York and Hulk's stories often have been set in the American Southwest.\nQuestion: Spiderman's fictional city is based off what real American location? Answer:", "completion": "New York"}
{"id": "5731aca5e99e3014001e61c2", "answers": {"text": ["temples"], "answer_start": [453]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Latin word templum originally referred not to the temple building itself, but to a sacred space surveyed and plotted ritually through augury: \"The architecture of the ancient Romans was, from first to last, an art of shaping space around ritual.\" The Roman architect Vitruvius always uses the word templum to refer to this sacred precinct, and the more common Latin words aedes, delubrum, or fanum for a temple or shrine as a building. The ruins of temples are among the most visible monuments of ancient Roman culture.\nQuestion: What monuments were the some of most visible of Roman culture? Answer:", "completion": "temples"}
{"id": "56f991dc9e9bad19000a0ae7", "answers": {"text": ["1949"], "answer_start": [257]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Throughout history there have been a series of lingua francas in the area to allow for better communication. The dialects spoken in Hangzhou, Shaoxing, and Ningbo have taken on this role historically. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Mandarin, which is not mutually intelligible with any of the local dialects, has been promoted as the standard language of communication throughout China. As a result, most of the population now can, to some degree, speak and comprehend Mandarin and can code-switch when necessary. A majority of the population educated since 1978 can speak Mandarin. Urban residents tend to be more fluent in Mandarin than rural people. Nevertheless, a Zhejiang accent is detectable in almost everyone from the area communicating in Mandarin, and the home dialect remains an important part of the everyday lives and cultural identities of most Zhejiang residents.\nQuestion: When was the People's Republic of China founded? Answer:", "completion": "1949"}
{"id": "5728d9a2ff5b5019007da819", "answers": {"text": ["1917"], "answer_start": [552]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Liberals' immediate predecessor was the United Australia Party (UAP). More broadly, the Liberal Party's ideological ancestry stretched back to the anti-Labor groupings in the first Commonwealth parliaments. The Commonwealth Liberal Party was a fusion of the Free Trade Party and the Protectionist Party in 1909 by the second prime minister, Alfred Deakin, in response to Labor's growing electoral prominence. The Commonwealth Liberal Party merged with several Labor dissidents (including Billy Hughes) to form the Nationalist Party of Australia in 1917. That party, in turn, merged with Labor dissidents to form the UAP in 1931.\nQuestion: In what year was the Nationalist Party of Australia formed? Answer:", "completion": "1917"}
{"id": "5726376e89a1e219009ac582", "answers": {"text": ["her second son Alfred (\"Affie\") died"], "answer_start": [487]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvisable. Instead, the Queen went to Ireland for the first time since 1861, in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war. In July, her second son Alfred (\"Affie\") died; \"Oh, God! My poor darling Affie gone too\", she wrote in her journal. \"It is a horrible year, nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another.\"\nQuestion: What tragedy did Victoria face in July of 1900? Answer:", "completion": "her second son Alfred (\"Affie\") died"}
{"id": "5730337a04bcaa1900d77359", "answers": {"text": ["Liberians and the Lebanese"], "answer_start": [223]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Numerous immigrants have come as merchants and become a major part of the business community, including Lebanese, Indians, and other West African nationals. There is a high percentage of interracial marriage between ethnic Liberians and the Lebanese, resulting in a significant mixed-race population especially in and around Monrovia. A small minority of Liberians of European descent reside in the country.[better source needed] The Liberian constitution restricts citizenship to people of Black African descent.\nQuestion: There is high percentage of interracial marriage between what two groups? Answer:", "completion": "Liberians and the Lebanese"}
{"id": "56d19cf4e7d4791d00902079", "answers": {"text": ["fight against the town's racism"], "answer_start": [308]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The theme of racial injustice appears symbolically in the novel as well. For example, Atticus must shoot a rabid dog, even though it is not his job to do so. Carolyn Jones argues that the dog represents prejudice within the town of Maycomb, and Atticus, who waits on a deserted street to shoot the dog, must fight against the town's racism without help from other white citizens. He is also alone when he faces a group intending to lynch Tom Robinson and once more in the courthouse during Tom's trial. Lee even uses dreamlike imagery from the mad dog incident to describe some of the courtroom scenes. Jones writes, \"[t]he real mad dog in Maycomb is the racism that denies the humanity of Tom Robinson .... When Atticus makes his summation to the jury, he literally bares himself to the jury's and the town's anger.\"\nQuestion: What is Atticus shooting the rabid dog symbolic of? Answer:", "completion": "fight against the town's racism"}
{"id": "5728acd92ca10214002da59f", "answers": {"text": ["7 July"], "answer_start": [110]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the Wehrmacht crossed the Estonian southern border on 7 July. The Red Army retreated behind the Pärnu River – Emajõgi line on 12 July. At the end of July the Germans resumed their advance in Estonia working in tandem with the Estonian Forest Brothers. Both German troops and Estonian partisans took Narva on 17 August and the Estonian capital Tallinn on 28 August. After the Soviets were driven out from Estonia, German troops disarmed all the partisan groups.\nQuestion: When did the Werhmacht cross the south border of Estonia? Answer:", "completion": "7 July"}
{"id": "56e8f03d0b45c0140094cd80", "answers": {"text": ["Isaac Newton"], "answer_start": [335]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727, and Charles Darwin, buried 26 April 1882. Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833. Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.[citation needed]\nQuestion: Who was buried in the abbey on 4 April 1727? Answer:", "completion": "Isaac Newton"}
{"id": "56e708d0de9d37140006811c", "answers": {"text": ["travel"], "answer_start": [66]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software can often adjust clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of the dates and timings of DST may be confusing.\nQuestion: What can be affected by DST that might disrupt plans for a vacation? Answer:", "completion": "travel"}
{"id": "5727a7132ca10214002d92f0", "answers": {"text": ["1927"], "answer_start": [224]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: During a reannexation by Germany (1940–1945), High German was reinstated as the language of education. The population was forced to speak German and 'French' family names were Germanized. Following the Second World War, the 1927 regulation was not reinstated and the teaching of German in primary schools was suspended by a provisional rectorial decree, which was supposed to enable French to regain lost ground. The teaching of German became a major issue, however, as early as 1946. Following World War II, the French government pursued, in line with its traditional language policy, a campaign to suppress the use of German as part of a wider Francization campaign.\nQuestion: When did the suspension of German teaching in schools happen? Answer:", "completion": "1927"}
{"id": "56dddfe89a695914005b9632", "answers": {"text": ["the Dutch Golden Age"], "answer_start": [7]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world.\nQuestion: The Dutch Republic dominated world trade during what time? Answer:", "completion": "the Dutch Golden Age"}
{"id": "57316f0c05b4da19006bd15a", "answers": {"text": ["Egypt"], "answer_start": [657]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s; it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the oil industry. Arab nationalism was increasingly popular, and protests flared up following Egypt's 1967 defeat in the Six-Day War with Israel; allied to the western powers, Idris' administration was seen as pro-Israeli. Anti-western riots broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, while Libyan workers shut down oil terminals in solidarity with Egypt. By 1969, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency was expecting segments of Libya's armed forces to launch a coup. Although claims have been made that they knew of Gaddafi's Free Officers Movement, they have since claimed ignorance, stating that they were monitoring Abdul Aziz Shalhi's Black Boots revolutionary group.\nQuestion: On what country's behalf were the 1967 protests taking place? Answer:", "completion": "Egypt"}
{"id": "5730467a04bcaa1900d77454", "answers": {"text": ["meteorological conditions over Britain"], "answer_start": [223]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: A further line in the directive stressed the need to inflict the heaviest losses possible, but also to intensify the air war in order to create the impression an amphibious assault on Britain was planned for 1941. However, meteorological conditions over Britain were not favourable for flying and prevented an escalation in air operations. Airfields became water-logged and the 18 Kampfgruppen (bomber groups) of the Luftwaffe's Kampfgeschwadern (bomber wings) were relocated to Germany for rest and re-equipment.\nQuestion: What was preventing escalation of air operations? Answer:", "completion": "meteorological conditions over Britain"}
{"id": "572fb178a23a5019007fc8ae", "answers": {"text": ["The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony)"], "answer_start": [360]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism was primarily a matter of common culture. The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony) were written in the 8th century BC, becoming the basis of the national religion, ethos, history and mythology. The Oracle of Apollo at Delphi was established in this period.\nQuestion: What was the foundation for spirituality and church ? Answer:", "completion": "The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony)"}
{"id": "56de49434396321400ee2774", "answers": {"text": ["a major role"], "answer_start": [17]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Symbiosis played a major role in the co-evolution of flowering plants and the animals that pollinate them. Many plants that are pollinated by insects, bats, or birds have highly specialized flowers modified to promote pollination by a specific pollinator that is also correspondingly adapted. The first flowering plants in the fossil record had relatively simple flowers. Adaptive speciation quickly gave rise to many diverse groups of plants, and, at the same time, corresponding speciation occurred in certain insect groups. Some groups of plants developed nectar and large sticky pollen, while insects evolved more specialized morphologies to access and collect these rich food sources. In some taxa of plants and insects the relationship has become dependent, where the plant species can only be pollinated by one species of insect.\nQuestion: How big a part did symbiosis have in the development of flowering plants and their pollinators? Answer:", "completion": "a major role"}
{"id": "57266c13708984140094c57c", "answers": {"text": ["Indian and Arab merchants"], "answer_start": [295]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Even prior to the penetration of European interests, Southeast Asia was a critical part of the world trading system. A wide range of commodities originated in the region, but especially important were spices such as pepper, ginger, cloves, and nutmeg. The spice trade initially was developed by Indian and Arab merchants, but it also brought Europeans to the region. First Spaniards (Manila galleon) and Portuguese, then the Dutch, and finally the British and French became involved in this enterprise in various countries. The penetration of European commercial interests gradually evolved into annexation of territories, as traders lobbied for an extension of control to protect and expand their activities. As a result, the Dutch moved into Indonesia, the British into Malaya and parts of Borneo, the French into Indochina, and the Spanish and the US into the Philippines.\nQuestion: Who developed the spice trade initially? Answer:", "completion": "Indian and Arab merchants"}
{"id": "56d3e8402ccc5a1400d82f43", "answers": {"text": ["Gregory Peck"], "answer_start": [81]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch. The film's producer, Alan J. Pakula, remembered Universal Pictures executives questioning him about a potential script: \"They said, 'What story do you plan to tell for the film?' I said, 'Have you read the book?' They said, 'Yes.' I said, 'That's the story.'\" The movie was a hit at the box office, quickly grossing more than $20 million from a $2-million budget. It won three Oscars: Best Actor for Gregory Peck, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White, and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium for Horton Foote. It was nominated for five more Oscars including Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Mary Badham, the actress who played Scout.\nQuestion: Which actor received An Oscar for his role of Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the book? Answer:", "completion": "Gregory Peck"}
{"id": "5726b52a5951b619008f7b41", "answers": {"text": ["Keïta regime"], "answer_start": [65]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On 19 November 1968, following progressive economic decline, the Keïta regime was overthrown in a bloodless military coup led by Moussa Traoré, a day which is now commemorated as Liberation Day. The subsequent military-led regime, with Traoré as president, attempted to reform the economy. His efforts were frustrated by political turmoil and a devastating drought between 1968 to 1974, in which famine killed thousands of people. The Traoré regime faced student unrest beginning in the late 1970s and three coup attempts. The Traoré regime repressed all dissenters until the late 1980s.\nQuestion: What regime was overthrown in 1968? Answer:", "completion": "Keïta regime"}
{"id": "5728071d4b864d190016427e", "answers": {"text": ["qualitative"], "answer_start": [424]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The sociology of culture grew from the intersection between sociology (as shaped by early theorists like Marx, Durkheim, and Weber) with the growing discipline of anthropology, where in researchers pioneered ethnographic strategies for describing and analyzing a variety of cultures around the world. Part of the legacy of the early development of the field lingers in the methods (much of cultural sociological research is qualitative), in the theories (a variety of critical approaches to sociology are central to current research communities), and in the substantive focus of the field. For instance, relationships between popular culture, political control, and social class were early and lasting concerns in the field.\nQuestion: What is most of the research into sociological culture ? Answer:", "completion": "qualitative"}
{"id": "5725c26aec44d21400f3d4f5", "answers": {"text": ["Deitsch"], "answer_start": [618]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Until roughly the 16th century, speakers of all the varieties of the West Germanic languages from the mouth of the Rhine to the Alps had been accustomed to refer to their native speech as Dietsch, (Neder)duyts or some other cognate of theudisk. This let inevitably to confusion since similar terms referred to different languages. Therefore, in the 16th century, a differentiation took place. Owing to Dutch commercial and colonial rivalry in the 16th and 17th centuries, the English term came to refer exclusively to the Dutch. A notable exception is Pennsylvania Dutch, which is a West Central German variety called Deitsch by its speakers. Jersey Dutch, on the other hand, as spoken until the 1950s in New Jersey, is a Dutch-based creole.\nQuestion: What's the native Pennsylvania Dutch word for the language? Answer:", "completion": "Deitsch"}
{"id": "5727a65f4b864d190016396b", "answers": {"text": ["Professor Skousen"], "answer_start": [63]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1988, with that preliminary phase of the project completed, Professor Skousen took over as editor and head of the FARMS Critical Text of the Book of Mormon Project and proceeded to gather still scattered fragments of the Original Manuscript of the Book of Mormon and to have advanced photographic techniques applied to obtain fine readings from otherwise unreadable pages and fragments. He also closely examined the Printer’s Manuscript (owned by the Community of Christ—RLDS Church in Independence, Missouri) for differences in types of ink or pencil, in order to determine when and by whom they were made. He also collated the various editions of the Book of Mormon down to the present to see what sorts of changes have been made through time.\nQuestion: Who took over after the preliminary phase? Answer:", "completion": "Professor Skousen"}
{"id": "56df85525ca0a614008f9c00", "answers": {"text": ["receiver"], "answer_start": [302]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Returning home to Brantford after six months abroad, Bell continued his experiments with his \"harmonic telegraph\".[N 12] The basic concept behind his device was that messages could be sent through a single wire if each message was transmitted at a different pitch, but work on both the transmitter and receiver was needed.\nQuestion: Bell needed to fix both the transmitter and what? Answer:", "completion": "receiver"}
{"id": "572f5c68a23a5019007fc5a1", "answers": {"text": ["300,000"], "answer_start": [314]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The early track record of the CIA was poor, with the agency unable to provide sufficient intelligence about the Soviet takeovers of Romania and Czechoslovakia, the Soviet blockade of Berlin, and the Soviet atomic bomb project. In particular, the agency failed to predict the Chinese entry into the Korean War with 300,000 troops. The famous double agent Kim Philby was the British liaison to American Central Intelligence. Through him the CIA coordinated hundreds of airdrops inside the iron curtain, all compromised by Philby. Arlington Hall, the nerve center of CIA cryptanalysisl was compromised by Bill Weisband, a Russian translator and Soviet spy. The CIA would reuse the tactic of dropping plant agents behind enemy lines by parachute again on China, and North Korea. This too would be fruitless.\nQuestion: How many troops did the Chinese enter into the Korean War? Answer:", "completion": "300,000"}
{"id": "572693fddd62a815002e8a15", "answers": {"text": ["digraph"], "answer_start": [111]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Dutch is written using the Latin script. Dutch uses one additional character beyond the standard alphabet, the digraph IJ. It has a relatively high proportion of doubled letters, both vowels and consonants, due to the formation of compound words and also to the spelling devices for distinguishing the many vowel sounds in the Dutch language. An example of five consecutive doubled letters is the word voorraaddoos (food storage container). The diaeresis (Dutch: trema) is used to mark vowels that are pronounced separately when involving a pre- or suffix. Whereas a hyphen is used when this problem occurs in compound words. For example; \"beïnvloed\" (influenced), but zee-eend (sea duck). Generally, other diacritical marks only occur in loanwords, though the acute accent can also be used for emphasis or to differentiate between two forms. Its most common use is to differentiate between the indefinite article 'een' (a, an) and the numeral 'één' (one).\nQuestion: What's the name for the additional character Dutch uses? Answer:", "completion": "digraph"}
{"id": "56f75e42aef2371900625b60", "answers": {"text": ["Kurt Weill"], "answer_start": [240]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Classical music has often incorporated elements or material from popular music of the composer's time. Examples include occasional music such as Brahms' use of student drinking songs in his Academic Festival Overture, genres exemplified by Kurt Weill's The Threepenny Opera, and the influence of jazz on early- and mid-20th-century composers including Maurice Ravel, exemplified by the movement entitled \"Blues\" in his sonata for violin and piano. Certain postmodern, minimalist and postminimalist classical composers acknowledge a debt to popular music.\nQuestion: Who wrote The Threepenny Opera? Answer:", "completion": "Kurt Weill"}
{"id": "572e807dcb0c0d14000f11e8", "answers": {"text": ["Albert Grey"], "answer_start": [60]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Grey Cup was established in 1909 after being donated by Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, The Governor General of Canada as the championship of teams under the CRU for the Rugby Football Championship of Canada. Initially an amateur competition, it eventually became dominated by professional teams in the 1940s and early 1950s. The Ontario Rugby Football Union, the last amateur organization to compete for the trophy, withdrew from competition in 1954. The move ushered in the modern era of Canadian professional football.\nQuestion: Who donated a championship trophy for Canadian football teams in 1909? Answer:", "completion": "Albert Grey"}
{"id": "56e6c91cde9d371400068047", "answers": {"text": ["the early 1970s"], "answer_start": [3]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: By the early 1970s, softer songs by artists like The Carpenters, Anne Murray, John Denver, Barry Manilow, and even Streisand, began to be played more often on \"Top 40\" radio and others were added to the mix on many AC stations. Also, some of these stations even played softer songs by Elvis Presley, Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Rod Stewart, Billy Joel, and other rock-based artists.\nQuestion: During what period were artists like Anne Murray and Barbra Streisand featured on Top 40 radio? Answer:", "completion": "the early 1970s"}
{"id": "572fbbe6a23a5019007fc913", "answers": {"text": ["1994"], "answer_start": [79]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Karabakh war ended after a Russian-brokered cease-fire was put in place in 1994. The war was a success for the Karabakh Armenian forces who managed to capture 16% of Azerbaijan's internationally recognised territory including Nagorno-Karabakh itself. Since then, Armenia and Azerbaijan have held peace talks, mediated by the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). The status of Karabakh has yet to be determined. The economies of both countries have been hurt in the absence of a complete resolution and Armenia's borders with Turkey and Azerbaijan remain closed. By the time both Azerbaijan and Armenia had finally agreed to a ceasefire in 1994, an estimated 30,000 people had been killed and over a million had been displaced.\nQuestion: When did the Karabakh War end? Answer:", "completion": "1994"}
{"id": "56cbe1996d243a140015edc3", "answers": {"text": ["Alexander I"], "answer_start": [725]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: From September 1823 to 1826 Chopin attended the Warsaw Lyceum, where he received organ lessons from the Czech musician Wilhelm Würfel during his first year. In the autumn of 1826 he began a three-year course under the Silesian composer Józef Elsner at the Warsaw Conservatory, studying music theory, figured bass and composition.[n 3] Throughout this period he continued to compose and to give recitals in concerts and salons in Warsaw. He was engaged by the inventors of a mechanical organ, the \"eolomelodicon\", and on this instrument in May 1825 he performed his own improvisation and part of a concerto by Moscheles. The success of this concert led to an invitation to give a similar recital on the instrument before Tsar Alexander I, who was visiting Warsaw; the Tsar presented him with a diamond ring. At a subsequent eolomelodicon concert on 10 June 1825, Chopin performed his Rondo Op. 1. This was the first of his works to be commercially published and earned him his first mention in the foreign press, when the Leipzig Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung praised his \"wealth of musical ideas\".\nQuestion: Which tsar did Frédéric perform for due to his success in previous concerts? Answer:", "completion": "Alexander I"}
{"id": "572657a0f1498d1400e8dc87", "answers": {"text": ["1899"], "answer_start": [366]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Although there were a number of department stores in Australia for much of the 20th Century, including chains such as Grace Bros. and Waltons, many disappeared during the 1980s and 1990s. Today Myer and David Jones, located nationally, are practically the national department stores duopoly in Australia. When Russian-born migrant, Sidney Myer, came to Australia in 1899 he formed the Myer retail group with his brother, Elcon Myer. In 1900, they opened the first Myer department store, in Bendigo, Victoria. Since then, the Myer retail group has grown to be Australia's largest retailer. Both, Myer and David Jones, are up-market chains, offering a wide variety of products from mid-range names to luxury brands. Other retail chain stores such as Target (unrelated to the American chain of the same name), Venture (now defunct), Kmart and Big W, also located nationally, are considered to be Australia's discount department stores. Harris Scarfe, though only operating in four states and one territory, is a department store using both the large full-line and small discount department store formats. Most department stores in Australia have their own credit card companies, each having their own benefits while the discount department stores do not have their own credit card rights.\nQuestion: When did Sydney Myer come to Australia? Answer:", "completion": "1899"}
{"id": "570ceb3bfed7b91900d45adf", "answers": {"text": ["Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance and control"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance and control. Internationally, all events are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). Each country has its own national governing body (BIW) affiliated to FIG. Competitive artistic gymnastics is the best known of the gymnastic events. It typically involves the women's events of vault, uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise. Men's events are floor exercise, pommel horse, still rings, vault, parallel bars, and the high bar. Gymnastics evolved from exercises used by the ancient Greeks that included skills for mounting and dismounting a horse, and from circus performance skills.\nQuestion: What is gymnastics? Answer:", "completion": "Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance and control"}
{"id": "570fef8a5ab6b819003910df", "answers": {"text": ["eleven"], "answer_start": [230]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Puerto Rico's constitution expressly forbids capital punishment, stating \"The death penalty shall not exist\", setting it apart from all U.S. states and territories other than Michigan, which also has a constitutional prohibition (eleven other states and the District of Columbia have abolished capital punishment through statutory law). However, capital punishment is still applicable to offenses committed in Puerto Rico, if they fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government, though federal death penalty prosecutions there have generated significant controversy.\nQuestion: How many US states have passed laws outlawing the death penalty? Answer:", "completion": "eleven"}
{"id": "571b1b449499d21900609c0d", "answers": {"text": ["light"], "answer_start": [275]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Bitumen was used in early photographic technology. In 1826 or 1827, it was used by French scientist Joseph Nicéphore Niépce to make the oldest surviving photograph from nature. The bitumen was thinly coated onto a pewter plate which was then exposed in a camera. Exposure to light hardened the bitumen and made it insoluble, so that when it was subsequently rinsed with a solvent only the sufficiently light-struck areas remained. Many hours of exposure in the camera were required, making bitumen impractical for ordinary photography, but from the 1850s to the 1920s it was in common use as a photoresist in the production of printing plates for various photomechanical printing processes.[not in citation given]\nQuestion: Exposure to what natural element was necessary for early photographic plates? Answer:", "completion": "light"}
{"id": "572b441cf75d5e190021fd42", "answers": {"text": ["a century"], "answer_start": [230]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Among Peirce's major contributions was to place inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning in a complementary rather than competitive mode, the latter of which had been the primary trend among the educated since David Hume wrote a century before. To this, Peirce added the concept of abductive reasoning. The combined three forms of reasoning serve as a primary conceptual foundation for the empirically based scientific method today. Peirce's approach \"presupposes that (1) the objects of knowledge are real things, (2) the characters (properties) of real things do not depend on our perceptions of them, and (3) everyone who has sufficient experience of real things will agree on the truth about them. According to Peirce's doctrine of fallibilism, the conclusions of science are always tentative. The rationality of the scientific method does not depend on the certainty of its conclusions, but on its self-corrective character: by continued application of the method science can detect and correct its own mistakes, and thus eventually lead to the discovery of truth\".\nQuestion: How long before Peirce did Hume write? Answer:", "completion": "a century"}
{"id": "572f5ebd947a6a140053c8c9", "answers": {"text": ["Adabas, Oracle and DB2"], "answer_start": [175]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: A DBMS has evolved into a complex software system and its development typically requires thousands of human years of development effort.[a] Some general-purpose DBMSs such as Adabas, Oracle and DB2 have been undergoing upgrades since the 1970s. General-purpose DBMSs aim to meet the needs of as many applications as possible, which adds to the complexity. However, the fact that their development cost can be spread over a large number of users means that they are often the most cost-effective approach. However, a general-purpose DBMS is not always the optimal solution: in some cases a general-purpose DBMS may introduce unnecessary overhead. Therefore, there are many examples of systems that use special-purpose databases. A common example is an email system that performs many of the functions of a general-purpose DBMS such as the insertion and deletion of messages composed of various items of data or associating messages with a particular email address; but these functions are limited to what is required to handle email and don't provide the user with all of the functionality that would be available using a general-purpose DBMS.\nQuestion: Name three DBMSs that have been used since the 1970s. Answer:", "completion": "Adabas, Oracle and DB2"}
{"id": "56de7d2d4396321400ee2967", "answers": {"text": ["half an hour"], "answer_start": [159]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Schwarzenegger continues to work out even today. When asked about his personal training during the 2011 Arnold Classic he said that he was still working out a half an hour with weights every day.\nQuestion: In 2011, how much time each day did Schwarzenegger say he lifted weights? Answer:", "completion": "half an hour"}
{"id": "572f7697a23a5019007fc64d", "answers": {"text": ["Nizam VII"], "answer_start": [439]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: After India gained independence, the Nizam declared his intention to remain independent rather than become part of the Indian Union. The Hyderabad State Congress, with the support of the Indian National Congress and the Communist Party of India, began agitating against Nizam VII in 1948. On 17 September that year, the Indian Army took control of Hyderabad State after an invasion codenamed Operation Polo. With the defeat of his forces, Nizam VII capitulated to the Indian Union by signing an Instrument of Accession, which made him the Rajpramukh (Princely Governor) of the state until 31 October 1956. Between 1946 and 1951, the Communist Party of India fomented the Telangana uprising against the feudal lords of the Telangana region. The Constitution of India, which became effective on 26 January 1950, made Hyderabad State one of the part B states of India, with Hyderabad city continuing to be the capital. In his 1955 report Thoughts on Linguistic States, B. R. Ambedkar, then chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution, proposed designating the city of Hyderabad as the second capital of India because of its amenities and strategic central location. Since 1956, the Rashtrapati Nilayam in Hyderabad has been the second official residence and business office of the President of India; the President stays once a year in winter and conducts official business particularly relating to Southern India.\nQuestion: Which Nizam defeated by the Indian Army? Answer:", "completion": "Nizam VII"}
{"id": "57329bc4cc179a14009dab6b", "answers": {"text": ["the Constabulary"], "answer_start": [507]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In France during the Middle Ages, there were two Great Officers of the Crown of France with police responsibilities: The Marshal of France and the Constable of France. The military policing responsibilities of the Marshal of France were delegated to the Marshal's provost, whose force was known as the Marshalcy because its authority ultimately derived from the Marshal. The marshalcy dates back to the Hundred Years' 'War, and some historians trace it back to the early 12th century. Another organisation, the Constabulary (French: Connétablie), was under the command of the Constable of France. The constabulary was regularised as a military body in 1337. Under King Francis I (who reigned 1515–1547), the Maréchaussée was merged with the Constabulary. The resulting force was also known as the Maréchaussée, or, formally, the Constabulary and Marshalcy of France.\nQuestion: What was the Constable's force called, in English? Answer:", "completion": "the Constabulary"}
{"id": "57266b61dd62a815002e844f", "answers": {"text": ["In 1970, non-Hispanic whites were nearly 80% of Florida's population"], "answer_start": [383]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: As of 2010, those of (non-Hispanic white) European ancestry accounted for 57.9% of Florida's population. Out of the 57.9%, the largest groups were 12.0% German (2,212,391), 10.7% Irish (1,979,058), 8.8% English (1,629,832), 6.6% Italian (1,215,242), 2.8% Polish (511,229), and 2.7% French (504,641). White Americans of all European backgrounds are present in all areas of the state. In 1970, non-Hispanic whites were nearly 80% of Florida's population. Those of English and Irish ancestry are present in large numbers in all the urban/suburban areas across the state. Some native white Floridians, especially those who have descended from long-time Florida families, may refer to themselves as \"Florida crackers\"; others see the term as a derogatory one. Like whites in most of the other Southern states, they descend mainly from English and Scots-Irish settlers, as well as some other British American settlers.\nQuestion: What percentage of florida was white Non Hispanic in 1970 Answer:", "completion": "In 1970, non-Hispanic whites were nearly 80% of Florida's population"}
{"id": "57269e6bdd62a815002e8b1e", "answers": {"text": ["Woodrow Wilson"], "answer_start": [449]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1909–10, football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905–06 to solve the problem of serious injuries. There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall possible radical changes forced by government upon the sport. President Arthur Hadley of Yale, A. Lawrence Lowell of Harvard, and Woodrow Wilson of Princeton worked to develop moderate changes to reduce injuries. Their attempts, however, were reduced by rebellion against the rules committee and formation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The big three had tried to operate independently of the majority, but changes did reduce injuries.\nQuestion: Who represented Princeton during the rule changing discussions? Answer:", "completion": "Woodrow Wilson"}
{"id": "5725ea37271a42140099d30a", "answers": {"text": ["primates"], "answer_start": [354]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: There is no easy way to determine when clothing was first developed, but some information has been inferred by studying lice. The body louse specifically lives in clothing, and diverge from head lice about 107,000 years ago, suggesting that clothing existed at that time. Another theory is that modern humans are the only survivors of several species of primates who may have worn clothes and that clothing may have been used as long ago as 650 thousand years ago. Other louse-based estimates put the introduction of clothing at around 42,000–72,000 BP.\nQuestion: What may modern humans be the only survivor of several species of? Answer:", "completion": "primates"}
{"id": "57301bf5b2c2fd1400568889", "answers": {"text": ["successes against Catiline"], "answer_start": [74]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 62 BC, Pompey returned victorious from Asia. The Senate, elated by its successes against Catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that Pompey had made. Pompey, in effect, became powerless. Thus, when Julius Caesar returned from a governorship in Spain in 61 BC, he found it easy to make an arrangement with Pompey. Caesar and Pompey, along with Crassus, established a private agreement, now known as the First Triumvirate. Under the agreement, Pompey's arrangements would be ratified. Caesar would be elected consul in 59 BC, and would then serve as governor of Gaul for five years. Crassus was promised a future consulship.\nQuestion: What provided the Roman senate with exuberance? Answer:", "completion": "successes against Catiline"}
{"id": "5726923fdd62a815002e89e4", "answers": {"text": ["social services, emergency relief, and the operation of mission hospitals"], "answer_start": [79]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: African Presbyterian churches often incorporate diaconal ministries, including social services, emergency relief, and the operation of mission hospitals. A number of partnerships exist between presbyteries in Africa and the PC(USA), including specific connections with Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Ghana and Zambia. For example, the Lackawanna Presbytery, located in Northeastern Pennsylvania, has a partnership with a presbytery in Ghana. Also the Southminster Presbyterian Church, located near Pittsburgh, has partnerships with churches in Malawi and Kenya. The Presbyterian Church of Nigeria, western Africa is also healthy and strong in mostly the southern states of this nation, strong density in the south-eastern states of this country. Beginning from Cross River state, the nearby coastal states, Rivers state, Lagos state to Ebonyi and Abia States. The missionary expedition of Mary Slessor and Hope Waddel and their group in the mid 18th century in this coastal regions of the ten British colony has brought about the beginning and the flourishing of this church in these areas.\nQuestion: Which services to most African Presbyterian churches offer? Answer:", "completion": "social services, emergency relief, and the operation of mission hospitals"}
{"id": "57327bd90fdd8d15006c6b01", "answers": {"text": ["Yellow Emperor"], "answer_start": [10]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In China, Yellow Emperor is regarded as the humanistic primogenitor.[citation needed] Sage kings such as Yao and Shun are humanistic figures as recorded.[citation needed] King Wu of Zhou has the famous saying: \"Humanity is the Ling (efficacious essence) of the world (among all).\" Among them Duke of Zhou, respected as a founder of Rujia (Confucianism), is especially prominent and pioneering in humanistic thought. His words were recorded in the Book of History as follows (translation):[citation needed]\nQuestion: Who was known as being a founder of humanism thought in China? Answer:", "completion": "Yellow Emperor"}
{"id": "5726097838643c19005acf6a", "answers": {"text": ["2nd"], "answer_start": [262]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Despite their initial reluctance, the Successors seem to have later deliberately naturalized themselves to their different regions, presumably in order to help maintain control of the population. In the Ptolemaic kingdom, we find some Egyptianized Greeks by the 2nd century onwards. The Indo-Greek kingdom, we find kings who were converts to Buddhism (e.g. Menander). The Greeks in the regions therefore gradually become 'localized', adopting local customs as appropriate. In this way, hybrid 'Hellenistic' cultures naturally emerged, at least among the upper echelons of society.\nQuestion: Egyptianized Greeks in the Ptolemaic kingdom started to exist by which century? Answer:", "completion": "2nd"}
{"id": "5731ce62e17f3d140042243d", "answers": {"text": ["2002 Winter Olympic Games"], "answer_start": [135]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 2002, Spielberg was one of eight flagbearers who carried the Olympic Flag into Rice-Eccles Stadium at the Opening Ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City. In 2006, Premiere listed him as the most powerful and influential figure in the motion picture industry. Time listed him as one of the 100 Most Important People of the Century. At the end of the 20th century, Life named him the most influential person of his generation. In 2009, Boston University presented him an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree.\nQuestion: In which Olympics was Spielberg a flagbearer? Answer:", "completion": "2002 Winter Olympic Games"}
{"id": "570aedcfec8fbc190045b782", "answers": {"text": ["The MP"], "answer_start": [432]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resources. While the MC controls resources and signaling negotiations, the MP operates on the media plane and receives media from each endpoint. The MP generates output streams from each endpoint and redirects the information to other endpoints in the conference.\nQuestion: What generates output streams from each endpoint? Answer:", "completion": "The MP"}
{"id": "56d8e895dc89441400fdb3c5", "answers": {"text": ["a warehouse"], "answer_start": [250]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The torch was lit at a park outside at AT&T Park at about 1:17 pm PDT (20:17 UTC), briefly held aloft by American and Chinese Olympic officials. The relay descended into confusion as the first runner in the elaborately planned relay disappeared into a warehouse on a waterfront pier where it stayed for a half-an-hour. There were clashes between thousands of pro-China demonstrators, many of whom said they were bused in by the Chinese Consulate and other pro-China groups, and both pro-Tibet and Darfur protesters. The non-Chinese demonstrators were reported to have been swamped and trailed by angry crowds. Around 2 pm PDT (21:00 UTC), the torch resurfaced about 3 km (1.9 mi) away from the stadium along Van Ness Avenue, a heavily trafficked thoroughfare that was not on official route plans. Television reports showed the flame flanked by motorcycles and uniformed police officers. Two torchbearers carried the flame running slowly behind a truck and surrounded by Olympic security guards. During the torch relay, two torchbearers, Andrew Michael who uses a wheelchair and is the Vice President for Sustainable Development for the Bay Area Council and Director of Partnerships For Change, and an environmental advocate, Majora Carter, managed to display Tibetan flags in protest, resulting in their ejection from the relay. The closing ceremony at Justin Herman Plaza was canceled due to the presence of large numbers of protesters at the site. The torch run ended with a final stretch through San Francisco's Marina district and was then moved by bus to San Francisco International Airport for a makeshift closing ceremony at the terminal, from which the free media was excluded. San Jose Mercury News described the \"deceiving\" event as \"a game of Where's Waldo, played against the landscape of a lovely city.\" International Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge said the San Francisco relay had \"fortunately\" avoided much of the disruptions that marred the legs in London and Paris, but \"was, however, not the joyous party that we had wished it to be.\"\nQuestion: Where did the first relay runner disappear to with the torch?? Answer:", "completion": "a warehouse"}
{"id": "5727657f708984140094dcfa", "answers": {"text": ["Decameron"], "answer_start": [184]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language.\nQuestion: What is one of Boccaccio's works that helped promote the Italian language? Answer:", "completion": "Decameron"}
{"id": "570fd8a15ab6b81900391076", "answers": {"text": ["Yellow"], "answer_start": [189]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Electrocution was the preferred method of execution during the 20th century. Electric chairs have commonly been nicknamed Old Sparky; however, Alabama's electric chair became known as the \"Yellow Mama\" due to its unique color. Some, particularly in Florida, were noted for malfunctions, which caused discussion of their cruelty and resulted in a shift to lethal injection as the preferred method of execution. Although lethal injection dominates as a method of execution, some states allow prisoners on death row to choose the method used to execute them.\nQuestion: What color was Alabama's electric chair? Answer:", "completion": "Yellow"}
{"id": "5726c2c4f1498d1400e8ea7e", "answers": {"text": ["historical or mythological themes"], "answer_start": [244]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Greek drama exemplifies the earliest form of drama of which we have substantial knowledge. Tragedy, as a dramatic genre, developed as a performance associated with religious and civic festivals, typically enacting or developing upon well-known historical or mythological themes. Tragedies generally presented very serious themes. With the advent of newer technologies, scripts written for non-stage media have been added to this form. War of the Worlds (radio) in 1938 saw the advent of literature written for radio broadcast, and many works of Drama have been adapted for film or television. Conversely, television, film, and radio literature have been adapted to printed or electronic media.\nQuestion: A tragedy typically involved what subject matter? Answer:", "completion": "historical or mythological themes"}
{"id": "57268054dd62a815002e8765", "answers": {"text": ["Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest. They are a class of biocide. The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, fungi, or insects. This use of pesticides is so common that the term pesticide is often treated as synonymous with plant protection product, although it is in fact a broader term, as pesticides are also used for non-agricultural purposes. The term pesticide includes all of the following: herbicide, insecticide, insect growth regulator, nematicide, termiticide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, predacide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, antimicrobial, fungicide, disinfectant (antimicrobial), and sanitizer.\nQuestion: What is the purpose of a pesticide? Answer:", "completion": "Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest"}
{"id": "5724fcfe0ba9f01400d97c11", "answers": {"text": ["the 1720s"], "answer_start": [40]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: English Freemasonry spread to France in the 1720s, first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites, and then as distinctively French lodges which still follow the ritual of the Moderns. From France and England, Freemasonry spread to most of Continental Europe during the course of the 18th century. The Grande Loge de France formed under the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont, who exercised only nominal authority. His successor, the Duke of Orléans, reconstituted the central body as the Grand Orient de France in 1773. Briefly eclipsed during the French Revolution, French Freemasonry continued to grow in the next century.\nQuestion: When did English Freemasonry arrive in France? Answer:", "completion": "the 1720s"}
{"id": "57277d935951b619008f8b45", "answers": {"text": ["TV Parental Guidelines"], "answer_start": [764]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: TCM's film content has remained mostly uncut and uncolorized (with films natively filmed or post-produced in the format being those only ones presented in color), depending upon the original content of movies, particularly movies released after the 1968 implementation of the Motion Picture Association of America's ratings system and the concurrent disestablishment of the Motion Picture Production Code. Because of this, TCM is formatted similarly to a premium channel with certain films – particularly those made from the 1960s onward – sometimes featuring nudity, sexual content, violence and/or strong profanity; the network also features rating bumpers prior to the start of a program (most programs on TCM, especially films, are rated for content using the TV Parental Guidelines, in lieu of the MPAA's rating system).\nQuestion: What rating system is often used by TCM? Answer:", "completion": "TV Parental Guidelines"}
{"id": "572944df6aef051400154c28", "answers": {"text": ["racial"], "answer_start": [819]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Mass incarceration in the United States disproportionately impacts African American and Latino communities. Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2010), argues that mass incarceration is best understood as not only a system of overcrowded prisons. Mass incarceration is also, \"the larger web of laws, rules, policies, and customs that control those labeled criminals both in and out of prison.\" She defines it further as \"a system that locks people not only behind actual bars in actual prisons, but also behind virtual bars and virtual walls\", illustrating the second-class citizenship that is imposed on a disproportionate number of people of color, specifically African-Americans. She compares mass incarceration to Jim Crow laws, stating that both work as racial caste systems.\nQuestion: What type of caste system is mass incarceration compared to? Answer:", "completion": "racial"}
{"id": "572e90ee03f98919007567b5", "answers": {"text": ["falling into the shaft"], "answer_start": [35]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Elevator doors protect riders from falling into the shaft. The most common configuration is to have two panels that meet in the middle, and slide open laterally. In a cascading telescopic configuration (potentially allowing wider entryways within limited space), the doors roll on independent tracks so that while open, they are tucked behind one another, and while closed, they form cascading layers on one side. This can be configured so that two sets of such cascading doors operate like the center opening doors described above, allowing for a very wide elevator cab. In less expensive installations the elevator can also use one large \"slab\" door: a single panel door the width of the doorway that opens to the left or right laterally. Some buildings have elevators with the single door on the shaft way, and double cascading doors on the cab.\nQuestion: What do elevator doors protect riders from? Answer:", "completion": "falling into the shaft"}
{"id": "57261f2f38643c19005ad043", "answers": {"text": ["1200 BC"], "answer_start": [585]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Greece is home to the first advanced civilizations in Europe and is considered the birthplace of Western civilization,[citation clutter] beginning with the Cycladic civilization on the islands of the Aegean Sea at around 3200 BC, the Minoan civilization in Crete (2700–1500 BC), and then the Mycenaean civilization on the mainland (1900–1100 BC). These civilizations possessed writing, the Minoans writing in an undeciphered script known as Linear A, and the Mycenaeans in Linear B, an early form of Greek. The Mycenaeans gradually absorbed the Minoans, but collapsed violently around 1200 BC, during a time of regional upheaval known as the Bronze Age collapse. This ushered in a period known as the Greek Dark Ages, from which written records are absent.\nQuestion: The Mycenaean civilization deteriorated in what time period? Answer:", "completion": "1200 BC"}
{"id": "57293d646aef051400154bd1", "answers": {"text": ["a lack of backward compatibility"], "answer_start": [428]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: A common cause of software failure (real or perceived) is a lack of its compatibility with other application software, operating systems (or operating system versions, old or new), or target environments that differ greatly from the original (such as a terminal or GUI application intended to be run on the desktop now being required to become a web application, which must render in a web browser). For example, in the case of a lack of backward compatibility, this can occur because the programmers develop and test software only on the latest version of the target environment, which not all users may be running. This results in the unintended consequence that the latest work may not function on earlier versions of the target environment, or on older hardware that earlier versions of the target environment was capable of using. Sometimes such issues can be fixed by proactively abstracting operating system functionality into a separate program module or library.\nQuestion: What often lacks in software developed when its released that can eventually lead to errors? Answer:", "completion": "a lack of backward compatibility"}
{"id": "5730d0eab54a4f140068cc81", "answers": {"text": ["12 June 1968"], "answer_start": [136]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: South West Africa became known as Namibia by the UN when the General Assembly changed the territory's name by Resolution 2372 (XXII) of 12 June 1968. In 1978 the UN Security Council passed UN Resolution 435 which planned a transition toward independence for Namibia. Attempts to persuade South Africa to agree to the plan's implementation were not successful until 1988 when the transition to independence finally started under a diplomatic agreement between South Africa, Angola and Cuba, with the USSR and the USA as observers, under which South Africa agreed to withdraw and demobilise its forces in Namibia. As a result, Cuba agreed to pull back its troops in southern Angola sent to support the MPLA in its war for control of Angola with UNITA.\nQuestion: What date did Namibia get it's official name? Answer:", "completion": "12 June 1968"}
{"id": "573430a44776f41900661a31", "answers": {"text": ["tobacco"], "answer_start": [138]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Davis and his cabinet left the city by train that night, as government officials burned documents and departing Confederate troops burned tobacco and other warehouses to deny their contents to the victors. On April 2, 1865, General Godfrey Weitzel, commander of the 25th corps of the United States Colored Troops, accepted the city's surrender from the mayor and group of leading citizens who remained. The Union troops eventually managed to stop the raging fires but about 25% of the city's buildings were destroyed-\nQuestion: What was contained in warehouses that were notably burned by Confederates when evacuating Richmond? Answer:", "completion": "tobacco"}
{"id": "56f9f848f34c681400b0bf0f", "answers": {"text": ["Ethiopia"], "answer_start": [389]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال‎) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 million and are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 12.3 million), Ethiopia (4.6 million), Kenya (2.4 million), and Djibouti (464,600), with many also residing in parts of the Middle East, North America and Europe.\nQuestion: What country has the second largest Somali population? Answer:", "completion": "Ethiopia"}
{"id": "57300950a23a5019007fcc83", "answers": {"text": ["Ottoman Empire"], "answer_start": [97]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Eurasia for the sciences and arts. The Safavid Era saw the start of mass integration from Caucasian populations into new layers of the society of Iran, as well as mass resettlement of them within the heartlands of Iran, playing a pivotal role in the history of Iran for centuries onwards. Following a gradual decline in the late 1600s and early 1700s, which was caused by the internal conflicts, the continuous wars with the Ottomans, and the foreign interference (most notably the Russian interference), the Safavid rule was ended by the Pashtun rebels who besieged Isfahan and defeated Soltan Hosein in 1722.\nQuestion: What Empire neighbored and had a rivalry with Safavid Iran? Answer:", "completion": "Ottoman Empire"}
{"id": "573191a8a5e9cc1400cdc0cb", "answers": {"text": ["Amazonian Guard"], "answer_start": [56]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Starting in the 1980s, he travelled with his all-female Amazonian Guard, who were allegedly sworn to a life of celibacy. However, according to psychologist Seham Sergewa, after the civil war several of the guards told her they had been pressured into joining and raped by Gaddafi and senior officials. He hired several Ukrainian nurses to care for him and his family's health, and traveled everywhere with his trusted Ukrainian nurse Halyna Kolotnytska. Kolotnytska's daughter denied the suggestion that the relationship was anything but professional.\nQuestion: What was the name of Gaddafi's female bodyguard? Answer:", "completion": "Amazonian Guard"}
{"id": "572828b12ca10214002d9f82", "answers": {"text": ["in the prostomium"], "answer_start": [294]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The brain generally forms a ring round the pharynx (throat), consisting of a pair of ganglia (local control centers) above and in front of the pharynx, linked by nerve cords either side of the pharynx to another pair of ganglia just below and behind it. The brains of polychaetes are generally in the prostomium, while those of clitellates are in the peristomium or sometimes the first segment behind the peristomium. In some very mobile and active polychaetes the brain is enlarged and more complex, with visible hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain sections. The rest of the central nervous system is generally \"ladder-like\", consisting of a pair of nerve cords that run through the bottom part of the body and have in each segment paired ganglia linked by a transverse connection. From each segmental ganglion a branching system of local nerves runs into the body wall and then encircles the body. However, in most polychaetes the two main nerve cords are fused, and in the tube-dwelling genus Owenia the single nerve chord has no ganglia and is located in the epidermis.\nQuestion: Where are polychaetes' brains? Answer:", "completion": "in the prostomium"}
{"id": "572952cb6aef051400154ce6", "answers": {"text": ["English"], "answer_start": [396]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The native language of Germans is German, a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch, and sharing many similarities with the North Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Spoken by approximately 100 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. German has been replaced by English as the dominant language of science-related Nobel Prize laureates during the second half of the 20th century. It was a lingua franca in the Holy Roman Empire.\nQuestion: What is the dominant language of science? Answer:", "completion": "English"}
{"id": "5730d9d8aca1c71400fe5b0d", "answers": {"text": ["Law of Tuvalu"], "answer_start": [403]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: There are eight Island Courts and Lands Courts; appeals in relation to land disputes are made to the Lands Courts Appeal Panel. Appeals from the Island Courts and the Lands Courts Appeal Panel are made to the Magistrates Court, which has jurisdiction to hear civil cases involving up to $T10,000. The superior court is the High Court of Tuvalu as it has unlimited original jurisdiction to determine the Law of Tuvalu and to hear appeals from the lower courts. Sir Gordon Ward is the current Chief Justice of Tuvalu. Rulings of the High Court can be appealed to the Court of Appeal of Tuvalu. From the Court of Appeal there is a right of appeal to Her Majesty in Council, i.e., the Privy Council in London.\nQuestion: What is the High Court's right to determine? Answer:", "completion": "Law of Tuvalu"}
{"id": "56f75961aef2371900625b3d", "answers": {"text": ["Northern Russians"], "answer_start": [193]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Pomors are distinguished by the presence of Y Haplogroup N among them. Postulated to originate from southeast Asia, it is found at high rates in Uralic peoples. Its presence in Pomors (called \"Northern Russians\" in the report) attests to the non-Slavic tribes (mixing with Finnic tribes of northern Eurasia). Autosomally, Russians are generally similar to populations in central-eastern Europe but some northern Russians are intermediate to Finno-Ugric groups.\nQuestion: Pomors are also known as what? Answer:", "completion": "Northern Russians"}
{"id": "570c5cdefed7b91900d45934", "answers": {"text": ["isolate the rebel barons in London"], "answer_start": [562]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The rebels made the first move in the war, seizing the strategic Rochester Castle, owned by Langton but left almost unguarded by the archbishop. John was well prepared for a conflict. He had stockpiled money to pay for mercenaries and ensured the support of the powerful marcher lords with their own feudal forces, such as William Marshal and Ranulf of Chester. The rebels lacked the engineering expertise or heavy equipment necessary to assault the network of royal castles that cut off the northern rebel barons from those in the south. John's strategy was to isolate the rebel barons in London, protect his own supply lines to his key source of mercenaries in Flanders, prevent the French from landing in the south-east, and then win the war through slow attrition. John put off dealing with the badly deteriorating situation in North Wales, where Llywelyn the Great was leading a rebellion against the 1211 settlement.\nQuestion: What was John's strategy? Answer:", "completion": "isolate the rebel barons in London"}
{"id": "5727e04eff5b5019007d974e", "answers": {"text": ["50"], "answer_start": [483]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: New Haven Harbor is home to the Port of New Haven, a deep-water seaport with three berths capable of hosting vessels and barges as well as the facilities required to handle break bulk cargo. The port has the capacity to load 200 trucks a day from the ground or via loading docks. Rail transportation access is available, with a private switch engine for yard movements and private siding for loading and unloading. Approximately 400,000 square feet (40,000 m2) of inside storage and 50 acres (200,000 m2) of outside storage are available at the site. Five shore cranes with a 250-ton capacity and 26 forklifts, each with a 26-ton capacity, are also available.\nQuestion: Approximately how many acres of outside storage does the Port of New Haven offer? Answer:", "completion": "50"}
{"id": "5727bfe94b864d1900163c70", "answers": {"text": ["Vigo"], "answer_start": [444]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: From that moment Galicia, which participated to a minor extent in the American expansion of the Spanish Empire, found itself at the center of the Atlantic wars fought by Spain against the French and the Protestant powers of England and the Netherlands, whose privateers attacked the coastal areas, but major assaults were not common as the coastline was difficult and the harbors easily defended. The most famous assaults were upon the city of Vigo by Sir Francis Drake in 1585 and 1589, and the siege of A Coruña in 1589 by the English Armada. Galicia also suffered occasional slave raids by Barbary pirates, but not as frequently as the Mediterranean coastal areas. The most famous Barbary attack was the bloody sack of the town of Cangas in 1617. At the time, the king's petitions for money and troops became more frequent, due to the human and economic exhaustion of Castile; the Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia (the local Cortes or representative assembly) was initially receptive to these petitions, raising large sums, accepting the conscription of the men of the kingdom, and even commissioning a new naval squadron which was sustained with the incomes of the Kingdom.\nQuestion: Where did Sir Francis Drake attack in 1585 and again in 1589? Answer:", "completion": "Vigo"}
{"id": "57267187dd62a815002e850f", "answers": {"text": ["the 20th century"], "answer_start": [379]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Of the approximately 850 municipalities of Thuringia, 126 are classed as towns (within a district) or cities (forming their own urban district). Most of the towns are small with a population of less than 10,000; only the ten biggest ones have a population greater than 30,000. The first towns emerged during the 12th century, whereas the latest ones received town status only in the 20th century. Today, all municipalities within districts are equal in law, whether they are towns or villages. Independent cities (i.e. urban districts) have greater powers (the same as any district) than towns within a district.\nQuestion: What was the latest a town was established in Thuringia? Answer:", "completion": "the 20th century"}
{"id": "570d995c16d0071400510bba", "answers": {"text": ["puberty"], "answer_start": [411]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Adolescence marks a rapid change in one's role within a family. Young children tend to assert themselves forcefully, but are unable to demonstrate much influence over family decisions until early adolescence, when they are increasingly viewed by parents as equals. The adolescent faces the task of increasing independence while preserving a caring relationship with his or her parents. When children go through puberty, there is often a significant increase in parent–child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond. Arguments often concern minor issues of control, such as curfew, acceptable clothing, and the adolescent's right to privacy, which adolescents may have previously viewed as issues over which their parents had complete authority. Parent-adolescent disagreement also increases as friends demonstrate a greater impact on one another, new influences on the adolescent that may be in opposition to parents' values. Social media has also played an increasing role in adolescent and parent disagreements. While parents never had to worry about the threats of social media in the past, it has become a dangerous place for children. While adolescents strive for their freedoms, the unknowns to parents of what their child is doing on social media sites is a challenging subject, due to the increasing amount of predators on social media sites. Many parents have very little knowledge of social networking sites in the first place and this further increases their mistrust. An important challenge for the parent–adolescent relationship is to understand how to enhance the opportunities of online communication while managing its risks. Although conflicts between children and parents increase during adolescence, these are just relatively minor issues. Regarding their important life issues, most adolescents still share the same attitudes and values as their parents.\nQuestion: During what stage of development is there increased parent-child conflict and a less cohesive familial bond? Answer:", "completion": "puberty"}
{"id": "5710224aa58dae1900cd68da", "answers": {"text": ["Twenty-two"], "answer_start": [326]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in 1642. Twenty-two of the executions occurred after 1976, in seven states. Due to the slow process of appeals, it was highly unusual for a condemned person to be under 18 at the time of execution. The youngest person to be executed in the 20th century was George Stinney, who was electrocuted in South Carolina at the age of 14 on June 16, 1944. The last execution of a juvenile may have been Leonard Shockley, who died in the Maryland gas chamber on April 10, 1959, at the age of 17. No one has been under age 19 at time of execution since at least 1964. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976, 22 people have been executed for crimes committed under the age of 18. Twenty-one were 17 at the time of the crime. The last person to be executed for a crime committed as a juvenile was Scott Hain on April 3, 2003 in Oklahoma.\nQuestion: Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as juveniles? Answer:", "completion": "Twenty-two"}
{"id": "57274a8c5951b619008f87c7", "answers": {"text": ["people of color"], "answer_start": [435]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The controversy surrounding affirmative action's effectiveness is based on the idea of class inequality. Opponents of racial affirmative action argue that the program actually benefits middle- and upper-class African Americans and Hispanic Americans at the expense of lower-class European Americans and Asian Americans. This argument supports the idea of class-based affirmative action. America's poor is disproportionately made up of people of color, so class-based affirmative action would disproportionately help people of color. This would eliminate the need for race-based affirmative action as well as reducing any disproportionate benefits for middle- and upper-class people of color.\nQuestion: Who primarily makes up America's poor group? Answer:", "completion": "people of color"}
{"id": "56e7aec600c9c71400d774d9", "answers": {"text": ["Jiangnan Examination Hall"], "answer_start": [361]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Being one of the four ancient capitals of China, Nanjing has always been a cultural centre attracting intellectuals from all over the country. In the Tang and Song dynasties, Nanjing was a place where poets gathered and composed poems reminiscent of its luxurious past; during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the city was the official imperial examination centre (Jiangnan Examination Hall) for the Jiangnan region, again acting as a hub where different thoughts and opinions converged and thrived.\nQuestion: What was the name of the examination centre? Answer:", "completion": "Jiangnan Examination Hall"}
{"id": "5732a8641d5d2e14009ff889", "answers": {"text": ["large loan defaults or MBS losses"], "answer_start": [198]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: These institutions, as well as certain regulated banks, had also assumed significant debt burdens while providing the loans described above and did not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb large loan defaults or MBS losses. These losses impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend, slowing economic activity. Concerns regarding the stability of key financial institutions drove central banks to provide funds to encourage lending and restore faith in the commercial paper markets, which are integral to funding business operations. Governments also bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs, assuming significant additional financial commitments.\nQuestion: What impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend in the financial crisis of 2007? Answer:", "completion": "large loan defaults or MBS losses"}
{"id": "573032bba23a5019007fcf5f", "answers": {"text": ["C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript"], "answer_start": [119]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Windows Store apps run within a new set of APIs known as Windows Runtime, which supports programming languages such as C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript. If written in some \"high-level\" languages, apps written for Windows Runtime can be compatible with both Intel and ARM versions of Windows, otherwise they are not binary code compatible. Components may be compiled as Windows Runtime Components, permitting consumption by all compatible languages. To ensure stability and security, apps run within a sandboxed environment, and require permissions to access certain functionality, such as accessing the Internet or a camera.\nQuestion: What programming languages does Windows Runtime work with? Answer:", "completion": "C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript"}
{"id": "5726a1cadd62a815002e8b80", "answers": {"text": ["If the metals remain soluble when solid"], "answer_start": [118]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Although the elements usually must be soluble in the liquid state, they may not always be soluble in the solid state. If the metals remain soluble when solid, the alloy forms a solid solution, becoming a homogeneous structure consisting of identical crystals, called a phase. If the mixture cools and the constituents become insoluble, they may separate to form two or more different types of crystals, creating a heterogeneous microstructure of different phases. However, in other alloys, the insoluble elements may not separate until after crystallization occurs. These alloys are called intermetallic alloys because, if cooled very quickly, they first crystallize as a homogeneous phase, but they are supersaturated with the secondary constituents. As time passes, the atoms of these supersaturated alloys separate within the crystals, forming intermetallic phases that serve to reinforce the crystals internally.\nQuestion: What causes an alloy to form a solid solution? Answer:", "completion": "If the metals remain soluble when solid"}
{"id": "57070e6c9e06ca38007e934c", "answers": {"text": ["Villa"], "answer_start": [304]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In March 1912, in Chihuahua, Gen. Pascual Orozco revolted. Immediately President Francisco Madero commanded Gen. Victoriano Huerta of the Federal Army, to put down the Orozco revolt. The governor of Chihuahua mobilized the state militia led by Colonel Pancho Villa to supplement General Huerta. By June, Villa notified Huerta that the Orozco revolt had been put down and that the militia would consider themselves no longer under Huerta's command and would depart. Huerta became furious and ordered that Villa be executed. Raúl Madero, Madero's brother, intervened to save Villa's life. Jailed in Mexico City, Villa fled to the United States. Madero's time as leader was short-lived, ended by a coup d'état in 1913 led by Gen. Victoriano Huerta; Orozco sided with Huerta, and Huerta made him one of his generals.\nQuestion: Who notified Huerta the revolt had been put down? Answer:", "completion": "Villa"}
{"id": "573274500fdd8d15006c6af0", "answers": {"text": ["ten"], "answer_start": [313]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the years that followed, Eisenhower increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam to 900 men. This was due to North Vietnam's support of \"uprisings\" in the south and concern the nation would fall. In May 1957 Diem, then President of South Vietnam, made a state visit to the United States for ten days. President Eisenhower pledged his continued support, and a parade was held in Diem's honor in New York City. Although Diem was publicly praised, in private Secretary of State John Foster Dulles conceded that Diem had been selected because there were no better alternatives.\nQuestion: How many days did the President of South Vietnam visit the US for in 1957? Answer:", "completion": "ten"}
{"id": "5724e0140a492a190043564d", "answers": {"text": ["Saturday, 2 February"], "answer_start": [902]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1897, Victoria had written instructions for her funeral, which was to be military as befitting a soldier's daughter and the head of the army, and white instead of black. On 25 January, Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, helped lift her body into the coffin. She was dressed in a white dress and her wedding veil. An array of mementos commemorating her extended family, friends and servants were laid in the coffin with her, at her request, by her doctor and dressers. One of Albert's dressing gowns was placed by her side, with a plaster cast of his hand, while a lock of John Brown's hair, along with a picture of him, was placed in her left hand concealed from the view of the family by a carefully positioned bunch of flowers. Items of jewellery placed on Victoria included the wedding ring of John Brown's mother, given to her by Brown in 1883. Her funeral was held on Saturday, 2 February, in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, and after two days of lying-in-state, she was interred beside Prince Albert in Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park. As she was laid to rest at the mausoleum, it began to snow.\nQuestion: When was Queen Victoria's funeral held? Answer:", "completion": "Saturday, 2 February"}
{"id": "56e7713c37bdd419002c3fb3", "answers": {"text": ["Gordon Gund"], "answer_start": [511]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: DST has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin cancer. DST may help in depression by causing individuals to rise earlier, but some argue the reverse. The Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness, chaired by blind sports magnate Gordon Gund, successfully lobbied in 1985 and 2005 for US DST extensions.\nQuestion: What chair of the Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness lobbied for an extension to daylight savings in the U.S.? Answer:", "completion": "Gordon Gund"}
{"id": "57310ec3e6313a140071cbc3", "answers": {"text": ["provide teachers"], "answer_start": [196]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: After the Rus' attack on Constantinople in 860, the Byzantine Patriarch Photius sent missionaries north to convert the Rus' and the Slavs. Prince Rastislav of Moravia had requested the Emperor to provide teachers to interpret the holy scriptures, so in 863 the brothers Cyril and Methodius were sent as missionaries, due to their knowledge of the Slavonic language. The Slavs had no written language, so the brothers devised the Glagolitic alphabet, later developed into Cyrillic, and standardized the language of the Slavs, later known as Old Church Slavonic. They translated portions of the Bible and drafted the first Slavic civil code and other documents, and the language and texts spread throughout Slavic territories, including Kievan Rus’. The mission of Cyril and Methodius served both evangelical and diplomatic purposes, spreading Byzantine cultural influence in support of imperial foreign policy. In 867 the Patriarch announced that the Rus' had accepted a bishop, and in 874 he speaks of an \"Archbishop of the Rus'.\"\nQuestion: What had Prince Rastislav requested? Answer:", "completion": "provide teachers"}
{"id": "572eff08cb0c0d14000f16e8", "answers": {"text": ["raising the \"aerial\" wire"], "answer_start": [312]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The origin of the word antenna relative to wireless apparatus is attributed to Italian radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi. In the summer of 1895, Marconi began testing his wireless system outdoors on his father's estate near Bologna and soon began to experiment with long wire \"aerials\". Marconi discovered that by raising the \"aerial\" wire above the ground and connecting the other side of his transmitter to ground, the transmission range was increased. Soon he was able to transmit signals over a hill, a distance of approximately 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi). In Italian a tent pole is known as l'antenna centrale, and the pole with the wire was simply called l'antenna. Until then wireless radiating transmitting and receiving elements were known simply as aerials or terminals.\nQuestion: What is a way to increase the strength of a radio transmission? Answer:", "completion": "raising the \"aerial\" wire"}
{"id": "572698c9f1498d1400e8e4a0", "answers": {"text": ["Early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages"], "answer_start": [98]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The term \"Late Middle Ages\" refers to one of the three periods of the Middle Ages, along with the Early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages. Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodization in his History of the Florentine People (1442). Flavio Biondo used a similar framework in Decades of History from the Deterioration of the Roman Empire (1439–1453). Tripartite periodization became standard after the German historian Christoph Cellarius published Universal History Divided into an Ancient, Medieval, and New Period (1683).\nQuestion: Along with the Late Middle Ages, what are the other two period of the Middle Ages? Answer:", "completion": "Early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages"}
{"id": "56dfc460231d4119001abdc3", "answers": {"text": ["multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points"], "answer_start": [34]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP.\nQuestion: What is peering? Answer:", "completion": "multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points"}
{"id": "56dc7e1b14d3a41400c2691b", "answers": {"text": ["specialisation"], "answer_start": [559]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Since the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of \"school choice\" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental change to the original \"neighbourhood comprehensive\" model, and is partly intended as a means by which schools that are perceived to be inferior are forced either to improve or, if hardly anyone wants to go there, to close down. Government policy is currently promoting 'specialisation' whereby parents choose a secondary school appropriate for their child's interests and skills. Most initiatives focus on parental choice and information, implementing a pseudo-market incentive to encourage better schools. This logic has underpinned the controversial league tables of school performance.\nQuestion: What concept does the government currently support for education? Answer:", "completion": "specialisation"}
{"id": "5731f87ae17f3d1400422594", "answers": {"text": ["Burma"], "answer_start": [122]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Two battle-hardened Australian divisions were steaming from the Mid-East for Singapore. Churchill wanted them diverted to Burma, but Curtin insisted on a return to Australia. In early 1942 elements of the Imperial Japanese Navy proposed an invasion of Australia. The Japanese Army opposed the plan and it was rejected in favour of a policy of isolating Australia from the United States via blockade by advancing through the South Pacific. The Japanese decided upon a seaborne invasion of Port Moresby, capital of the Australian Territory of Papua which would put Northern Australia within range of Japanese bomber aircraft.\nQuestion: Where did Churchill want the Australian divisions bound for Singapore to be diverted to? Answer:", "completion": "Burma"}
{"id": "57313a81a5e9cc1400cdbd57", "answers": {"text": ["the 3rd millennium BC"], "answer_start": [54]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Mosaic has a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman kingdom in Sicily in the 12th century, by eastern-influenced Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jews to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics.\nQuestion: What millennium did Mosaic start? Answer:", "completion": "the 3rd millennium BC"}
{"id": "5726129e38643c19005acfb2", "answers": {"text": ["Queen Victoria"], "answer_start": [92]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria, who was the first monarch to reside there; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion. While the state rooms were a riot of gilt and colour, the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious. For one thing, it was reported the chimneys smoked so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down, and consequently the court shivered in icy magnificence. Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when a decision was taken to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty. Following the queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, Prince Albert, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff, and with the design faults of the palace. The problems were all rectified by the close of 1840. However, the builders were to return within the decade.\nQuestion: Who was the first monarch to reside there? Answer:", "completion": "Queen Victoria"}
{"id": "572a3764af94a219006aa8b3", "answers": {"text": ["houses and villages"], "answer_start": [154]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Neolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built from wattle and daub were constructed. Elaborate tombs were built for the dead. These tombs are particularly numerous in Ireland, where there are many thousand still in existence. Neolithic people in the British Isles built long barrows and chamber tombs for their dead and causewayed camps, henges, flint mines and cursus monuments. It was also important to figure out ways of preserving food for future months, such as fashioning relatively airtight containers, and using substances like salt as preservatives.\nQuestion: What did Neolithic people use mud-brick to build? Answer:", "completion": "houses and villages"}
{"id": "5730221db2c2fd1400568909", "answers": {"text": ["Globe Union"], "answer_start": [210]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: During World War II, the development of the anti-aircraft proximity fuse required an electronic circuit that could withstand being fired from a gun, and could be produced in quantity. The Centralab Division of Globe Union submitted a proposal which met the requirements: a ceramic plate would be screenprinted with metallic paint for conductors and carbon material for resistors, with ceramic disc capacitors and subminiature vacuum tubes soldered in place. The technique proved viable, and the resulting patent on the process, which was classified by the U.S. Army, was assigned to Globe Union. It was not until 1984 that the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) awarded Mr. Harry W. Rubinstein, the former head of Globe Union's Centralab Division, its coveted Cledo Brunetti Award for early key contributions to the development of printed components and conductors on a common insulating substrate. As well, Mr. Rubinstein was honored in 1984 by his alma mater, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, for his innovations in the technology of printed electronic circuits and the fabrication of capacitors.\nQuestion: What company developed the first electronic circuit that could be mass produced and was durable enough to be fired from a gun? Answer:", "completion": "Globe Union"}
{"id": "573209dfe17f3d14004225fa", "answers": {"text": ["the Holy Spirit"], "answer_start": [76]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: This branch of Protestantism is distinguished by belief in the baptism with the Holy Spirit as an experience separate from conversion that enables a Christian to live a Holy Spirit–filled and empowered life. This empowerment includes the use of spiritual gifts such as speaking in tongues and divine healing—two other defining characteristics of Pentecostalism. Because of their commitment to biblical authority, spiritual gifts, and the miraculous, Pentecostals tend to see their movement as reflecting the same kind of spiritual power and teachings that were found in the Apostolic Age of the early church. For this reason, some Pentecostals also use the term Apostolic or Full Gospel to describe their movement.\nQuestion: Pentecostals believe in baptism with what entity? Answer:", "completion": "the Holy Spirit"}
{"id": "56e792e237bdd419002c4180", "answers": {"text": ["1937"], "answer_start": [3]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1937, the Empire of Japan started a full-scale invasion of China after invading Manchuria in 1931, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War (often considered a theatre of World War II). Their troops occupied Nanjing in December and carried out the systematic and brutal Nanking Massacre (the \"Rape of Nanking\"). Even children, the elderly, and nuns are reported to have suffered at the hands of the Imperial Japanese Army. The total death toll, including estimates made by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal, was between 300,000 and 350,000. The city itself was also severely damaged during the massacre. The Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall was built in 1985 to commemorate this event.\nQuestion: When did Japan invade all of China? Answer:", "completion": "1937"}
{"id": "56d505f99d1b871400ae05f5", "answers": {"text": ["Between 64 and 104"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Between 64 and 104 major aftershocks, ranging in magnitude from 4.0 to 6.1, were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake. According to Chinese official counts, \"by 12:00 CST, November 6, 2008 there had been 42,719 total aftershocks, of which 246 ranged from 4.0 MS to 4.9 MS, 34 from 5.0 MS to 5.9 MS, and 8 from 6.0 Ms to 6.4 MS; the strongest aftershock measured 6.4 MS.\" The latest aftershock exceeding M6 occurred on August 5, 2008.\nQuestion: How many aftershocks were there within 72 hours? Answer:", "completion": "Between 64 and 104"}
{"id": "56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b23", "answers": {"text": ["four"], "answer_start": [11]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems:\nQuestion: How many major HDTV systems were tested by SMPTE in the late 70's? Answer:", "completion": "four"}
{"id": "570d143eb3d812140066d3ec", "answers": {"text": ["Dell"], "answer_start": [1398]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Apple has generally dominated the premium PC market, having a 91 percent market share for PCs priced at more than $1,000 in 2009, according to NPD. The Macintosh took 45 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, compared to 13 percent for Dell, seven percent for Hewlett Packard, six percent for Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer. While sales of the Macintosh have largely held steady, in comparison to Apple's sales of the iPhone and iPad which increased significantly during the 2010s, Macintosh computers still enjoy high margins on a per unit basis, with the majority being their MacBooks that are focused on the ultraportable niche that is the most profitable and only growing segment of PCs. It also helped that the Macintosh lineup is simple, updated on a yearly schedule, and consistent across both Apple retail stores, and authorized resellers where they have a special \"store within a store\" section to distinguish them from Windows PCs. In contrast, Windows PC manufacturers generally have a wide range of offerings, selling only a portion through retail with a full selection on the web, and often with limited-time or region-specific models. The Macintosh ranked third on the \"list of intended brands for desktop purchases\" for the 2011 holiday season, then moved up to second in 2012 by displacing Hewlett Packard, and in 2013 took the top spot ahead of Dell.\nQuestion: Who did Macintosh displace from 1st place on the 2013 holiday season \"list of intended brands for desktop purchases\"? Answer:", "completion": "Dell"}
{"id": "56d0f9af17492d1400aab6b8", "answers": {"text": ["Siddhatta Gotama"], "answer_start": [512]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: According to author Michael Carrithers, while there are good reasons to doubt the traditional account, \"the outline of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death.\" In writing her biography of the Buddha, Karen Armstrong noted, \"It is obviously difficult, therefore, to write a biography of the Buddha that meets modern criteria, because we have very little information that can be considered historically sound... [but] we can be reasonably confident Siddhatta Gotama did indeed exist and that his disciples preserved the memory of his life and teachings as well as they could.\"[dubious – discuss]\nQuestion: What do some say is Buddha's real name? Answer:", "completion": "Siddhatta Gotama"}
{"id": "56eaa7590030b61400a3500d", "answers": {"text": ["kickback"], "answer_start": [2]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: A kickback is an official's share of misappropriated funds allocated from his or her organization to an organization involved in corrupt bidding. For example, suppose that a politician is in charge of choosing how to spend some public funds. He can give a contract to a company that is not the best bidder, or allocate more than they deserve. In this case, the company benefits, and in exchange for betraying the public, the official receives a kickback payment, which is a portion of the sum the company received. This sum itself may be all or a portion of the difference between the actual (inflated) payment to the company and the (lower) market-based price that would have been paid had the bidding been competitive.\nQuestion: What is the public official's share called when involved in corrupt bidding? Answer:", "completion": "kickback"}
{"id": "57335ac6d058e614000b58cf", "answers": {"text": ["a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious, applying to people as well as electrons"], "answer_start": [310]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Since Whitehead's metaphysics described a universe in which all entities experience, he needed a new way of describing perception that was not limited to living, self-conscious beings. The term he coined was \"prehension\", which comes from the Latin prehensio, meaning \"to seize.\" The term is meant to indicate a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious, applying to people as well as electrons. It is also intended to make clear Whitehead's rejection of the theory of representative perception, in which the mind only has private ideas about other entities. For Whitehead, the term \"prehension\" indicates that the perceiver actually incorporates aspects of the perceived thing into itself. In this way, entities are constituted by their perceptions and relations, rather than being independent of them. Further, Whitehead regards perception as occurring in two modes, causal efficacy (or \"physical prehension\") and presentational immediacy (or \"conceptual prehension\").\nQuestion: What is prehension used to define? Answer:", "completion": "a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious, applying to people as well as electrons"}
{"id": "56e14e04cd28a01900c67779", "answers": {"text": ["financial services"], "answer_start": [31]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Other important industries are financial services, especially mutual funds and insurance. Boston-based Fidelity Investments helped popularize the mutual fund in the 1980s and has made Boston one of the top financial cities in the United States. The city is home to the headquarters of Santander Bank, and Boston is a center for venture capital firms. State Street Corporation, which specializes in asset management and custody services, is based in the city. Boston is a printing and publishing center — Houghton Mifflin Harcourt is headquartered within the city, along with Bedford-St. Martin's Press and Beacon Press. Pearson PLC publishing units also employ several hundred people in Boston. The city is home to three major convention centers—the Hynes Convention Center in the Back Bay, and the Seaport World Trade Center and Boston Convention and Exhibition Center on the South Boston waterfront. The General Electric Corporation announced in January 2016 its decision to move the company's global headquarters to the Seaport District in Boston, from Fairfield, Connecticut, citing factors including Boston's preeminence in the realm of higher education.\nQuestion: Mutual funds and insurance are what type of industry? Answer:", "completion": "financial services"}
{"id": "5706071252bb8914006897cf", "answers": {"text": ["Delaware Bay"], "answer_start": [302]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: For some species of waders, migration success depends on the availability of certain key food resources at stopover points along the migration route. This gives the migrants an opportunity to refuel for the next leg of the voyage. Some examples of important stopover locations are the Bay of Fundy and Delaware Bay.\nQuestion: What is another stopover location? Answer:", "completion": "Delaware Bay"}
{"id": "570a807e6d058f1900182ed0", "answers": {"text": ["1994"], "answer_start": [307]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On matchdays, in a tradition going back to 1962, players walk out to the theme tune to Z-Cars, named \"Johnny Todd\", a traditional Liverpool children's song collected in 1890 by Frank Kidson which tells the story of a sailor betrayed by his lover while away at sea, although on two separate occasions in the 1994, they ran out to different songs. In August 1994, the club played 2 Unlimited's song \"Get Ready For This\", and a month later, a reworking of the Creedence Clearwater Revival classic \"Bad Moon Rising\". Both were met with complete disapproval by Everton fans.\nQuestion: What year did the Everton players walk out to a song other than \"Johnny Todd\"? Answer:", "completion": "1994"}
{"id": "57103069a58dae1900cd694a", "answers": {"text": ["this may be of immunological origin, caused by a maternal immune reaction against a substance crucial to male fetal development during pregnancy,"], "answer_start": [231]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Known as the fraternal birth order (FBO) effect, this theory has been backed up by strong evidence of its prenatal origin, although no evidence thus far has linked it to an exact prenatal mechanism. However, research suggests that this may be of immunological origin, caused by a maternal immune reaction against a substance crucial to male fetal development during pregnancy, which becomes increasingly likely after every male gestation. As a result of this immune effect, alterations in later-born males' prenatal development have been thought to occur. This process, known as the maternal immunization hypothesis (MIH), would begin when cells from a male fetus enter the mother's circulation during pregnancy or while giving birth. These Y-linked proteins would not be recognized in the mother's immune system because she is female, causing her to develop antibodies which would travel through the placental barrier into the fetal compartment. From here, the anti-male bodies would then cross the blood/brain barrier (BBB) of the developing fetal brain, altering sex-dimorphic brain structures relative to sexual orientation, causing the exposed son to be more attracted to men over women.\nQuestion: What does research show about the FBO effect? Answer:", "completion": "this may be of immunological origin, caused by a maternal immune reaction against a substance crucial to male fetal development during pregnancy,"}
{"id": "56eaaf2b5a205f1900d6d3f6", "answers": {"text": ["International Budget Partnership"], "answer_start": [590]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: A number of parties have collected survey data, from the public and from experts, to try and gauge the level of corruption and bribery, as well as its impact on political and economic outcomes. A second wave of corruption metrics has been created by Global Integrity, the International Budget Partnership, and many lesser known local groups. These metrics include the Global Integrity Index, first published in 2004. These second wave projects aim to create policy change by identifying resources more effectively and creating checklists toward incremental reform. Global Integrity and the International Budget Partnership each dispense with public surveys and instead uses in-country experts to evaluate \"the opposite of corruption\" – which Global Integrity defines as the public policies that prevent, discourage, or expose corruption. These approaches compliment the first wave, awareness-raising tools by giving governments facing public outcry a checklist which measures concrete steps toward improved governance.\nQuestion: A second set of corruption metrics has been compiled by Global Integrity and what other organization? Answer:", "completion": "International Budget Partnership"}
{"id": "5709680e200fba1400367f6d", "answers": {"text": ["its narrow gauge tracks railways"], "answer_start": [31]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Railway Himachal is famous for its narrow gauge tracks railways, one is UNESCO World Heritage Kalka-Shimla Railway and another one is Pathankot–Jogindernagar. Total length of these two tracks is 259 kilometres (161 mi). Kalka-Shimla Railway track passes through many tunnels, while Pathankot–Jogindernagar gently meanders through a maze of hills and valleys. It also has standard gauge railway track which connect Amb (Una district) to Delhi. A survey is being conducted to extend this railway line to Kangra (via Nadaun). Other proposed railways in the state are Baddi-Bilaspur, Dharamsala-Palampur and Bilaspur-Manali-Leh.\nQuestion: What is Railway Himachal famous for? Answer:", "completion": "its narrow gauge tracks railways"}
{"id": "57321f30b9d445190005e824", "answers": {"text": ["traditional"], "answer_start": [147]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In Rome, state cult to a living emperor acknowledged his rule as divinely approved and constitutional. As princeps (first citizen) he must respect traditional Republican mores; given virtually monarchic powers, he must restrain them. He was not a living divus but father of his country (pater patriae), its pontifex maximus (greatest priest) and at least notionally, its leading Republican. When he died, his ascent to heaven, or his descent to join the dii manes was decided by a vote in the Senate. As a divus, he could receive much the same honours as any other state deity – libations of wine, garlands, incense, hymns and sacrificial oxen at games and festivals. What he did in return for these favours is unknown, but literary hints and the later adoption of divus as a title for Christian Saints suggest him as a heavenly intercessor. In Rome, official cult to a living emperor was directed to his genius; a small number refused this honour and there is no evidence of any emperor receiving more than that. In the crises leading up to the Dominate, Imperial titles and honours multiplied, reaching a peak under Diocletian. Emperors before him had attempted to guarantee traditional cults as the core of Roman identity and well-being; refusal of cult undermined the state and was treasonous.\nQuestion: As first citizen, what must the emperor's mores represent? Answer:", "completion": "traditional"}
{"id": "57269470dd62a815002e8a37", "answers": {"text": ["Save Me"], "answer_start": [916]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In February 1981, Queen travelled to South America as part of The Game Tour, and became the first major rock band to play in Latin American stadiums. The tour included five shows in Argentina, one of which drew the largest single concert crowd in Argentine history with an audience of 300,000 in Buenos Aires and two concerts at the Morumbi Stadium in São Paulo, Brazil, where they played to an audience of more than 131,000 people in the first night (then the largest paying audience for a single band anywhere in the world) and more than 120,000 people the following night. In October of the same year, Queen performed for more than 150,000 fans on 9 October at Monterrey (Estadio Universitario) and 17 and 18 at Puebla (Estadio Zaragoza), Mexico. On 24 and 25 November, Queen played two sell out nights at the Montreal Forum, Quebec, Canada. One of Mercury's most notable performances of The Game's final track, \"Save Me\", took place in Montreal, and the concert is recorded in the live album, Queen Rock Montreal.\nQuestion: What was the final track on Queen's The Game? Answer:", "completion": "Save Me"}
{"id": "570b1e376b8089140040f72c", "answers": {"text": ["Xbox 360 Arcade"], "answer_start": [421]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: At launch, the Xbox 360 was available in two configurations: the \"Xbox 360\" package (unofficially known as the 20 GB Pro or Premium), priced at US$399 or GB£279.99, and the \"Xbox 360 Core\", priced at US$299 and GB£209.99. The original shipment of the Xbox 360 version included a cut-down version of the Media Remote as a promotion. The Elite package was launched later at US$479. The \"Xbox 360 Core\" was replaced by the \"Xbox 360 Arcade\" in October 2007 and a 60 GB version of the Xbox 360 Pro was released on August 1, 2008. The Pro package was discontinued and marked down to US$249 on August 28, 2009 to be sold until stock ran out, while the Elite was also marked down in price to US$299.\nQuestion: What did Microsoft name the SKU that replaced the 360 Core? Answer:", "completion": "Xbox 360 Arcade"}
{"id": "570ade206d058f190018313a", "answers": {"text": ["Cenozoic"], "answer_start": [1117]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and animal species. The Mesozoic was a time of significant tectonic, climate and evolutionary activity. The era witnessed the gradual rifting of the supercontinent Pangaea into separate landmasses that would eventually move into their current positions. The climate of the Mesozoic was varied, alternating between warming and cooling periods. Overall, however, the Earth was hotter than it is today. Non-avian dinosaurs appeared in the Late Triassic and became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates early in the Jurassic, occupying this position for about 135 million years until their demise at the end of the Cretaceous. Birds first appeared in the Jurassic, having evolved from a branch of theropod dinosaurs. The first mammals also appeared during the Mesozoic, but would remain small—less than 15 kg (33 lb)—until the Cenozoic.\nQuestion: When mamals appeared they remained small until what period? Answer:", "completion": "Cenozoic"}
{"id": "5727a1b64b864d19001638e9", "answers": {"text": ["jizya"], "answer_start": [268]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Islam and Judaism have a complex relationship. Traditionally Jews and Christians living in Muslim lands, known as dhimmis, were allowed to practice their religions and administer their internal affairs, but they were subject to certain conditions. They had to pay the jizya (a per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Muslim males) to the Islamic state. Dhimmis had an inferior status under Islamic rule. They had several social and legal disabilities such as prohibitions against bearing arms or giving testimony in courts in cases involving Muslims. Many of the disabilities were highly symbolic. The one described by Bernard Lewis as \"most degrading\" was the requirement of distinctive clothing, not found in the Quran or hadith but invented in early medieval Baghdad; its enforcement was highly erratic. On the other hand, Jews rarely faced martyrdom or exile, or forced compulsion to change their religion, and they were mostly free in their choice of residence and profession.\nQuestion: What is the per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Muslim males known as? Answer:", "completion": "jizya"}
{"id": "573125ee497a881900248bce", "answers": {"text": ["near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM)"], "answer_start": [552]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The structure of QD-LEDs used for the electrical-excitation scheme is similar to basic design of OLEDs. A layer of quantum dots is sandwiched between layers of electron-transporting and hole-transporting materials. An applied electric field causes electrons and holes to move into the quantum dot layer and recombine forming an exciton that excites a QD. This scheme is commonly studied for quantum dot display. The tunability of emission wavelengths and narrow bandwidth is also beneficial as excitation sources for fluorescence imaging. Fluorescence near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) utilizing an integrated QD-LED has been demonstrated.\nQuestion: A Quantum Dot LED has been used in what? Answer:", "completion": "near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM)"}
{"id": "5705ea7975f01819005e775d", "answers": {"text": ["southwest"], "answer_start": [162]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The first major extension of New Delhi outside of Lutyens' Delhi came in the 1950s when the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land southwest of Lutyens' Delhi to create the diplomatic enclave of Chanakyapuri, where land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residences of ambassadors, around wide central vista, Shanti Path.\nQuestion: In which direction did Chanakyapuri extend from New Delhi? Answer:", "completion": "southwest"}
{"id": "5727a3644b864d1900163914", "answers": {"text": ["Tomás de Torquemada"], "answer_start": [412]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Throughout history, many rulers, empires and nations have oppressed their Jewish populations or sought to eliminate them entirely. Methods employed ranged from expulsion to outright genocide; within nations, often the threat of these extreme methods was sufficient to silence dissent. The history of antisemitism includes the First Crusade which resulted in the massacre of Jews; the Spanish Inquisition (led by Tomás de Torquemada) and the Portuguese Inquisition, with their persecution and autos-da-fé against the New Christians and Marrano Jews; the Bohdan Chmielnicki Cossack massacres in Ukraine; the Pogroms backed by the Russian Tsars; as well as expulsions from Spain, Portugal, England, France, Germany, and other countries in which the Jews had settled. According to a 2008 study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, 19.8% of the modern Iberian population has Sephardic Jewish ancestry, indicating that the number of conversos may have been much higher than originally thought.\nQuestion: Who led the Spanish Inquisition? Answer:", "completion": "Tomás de Torquemada"}
{"id": "57324501b9d445190005e960", "answers": {"text": ["He Yingqin"], "answer_start": [757]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: By April 1945, China had already been at war with Japan for more than seven years. Both nations were exhausted by years of battles, bombings and blockades. After Japanese victories in Operation Ichi-Go, Japan were losing the battle in Burma and facing constant attacks from Chinese Nationalists forces and Communist guerrillas in the country side. The Japanese army began preparations for the Battle of West Hunan in March 1945. Japanese mobilized 34th, 47th, 64th, 68th and 116th Divisions, as well as the 86th Independent Brigade, for a total of 80,000 men to seize Chinese airfields and secure railroads in West Hunan by early April. In response, the Chinese National Military Council dispatched the 4th Front Army and the 10th and 27th Army Groups with He Yingqin as commander-in-chief. At the same time, it airlifted the entire Chinese New 6th Corps, an American-equipped corps and veterans of the Burma Expeditionary Force, from Kunming to Zhijiang. Chinese forces totaled 110,000 men in 20 divisions. They were supported by about 400 aircraft from Chinese and American air forces. Chinese forces achieved a decisive victory and launched a large counterattack in this campaign. Concurrently, the Chinese managed to repel a Japanese offensive in Henan and Hubei. Afterwards, Chinese forces retook Hunan and Hubei provinces in South China. Chinese launched a counter offensive to retake Guangxi which was the last major Japanese stronghold in South China. In August 1945, Chinese forces successfully retook Guangxi.[citation needed]\nQuestion: Who was the Chinese commander-in-chief of the 10th and 27th Army Groups? Answer:", "completion": "He Yingqin"}
{"id": "56f72ad83d8e2e1400e373c6", "answers": {"text": ["studied classical music"], "answer_start": [20]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Performers who have studied classical music extensively are said to be \"classically trained\". This training may be from private lessons from instrument or voice teachers or from completion of a formal program offered by a Conservatory, college or university, such as a B.mus. or M.mus. degree (which includes individual lessons from professors). In classical music, \"...extensive formal music education and training, often to postgraduate [Master's degree] level\" is required.\nQuestion: What have classical trained performers done extensively? Answer:", "completion": "studied classical music"}
{"id": "56de80f54396321400ee2983", "answers": {"text": ["Ark Royal"], "answer_start": [83]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Post-war, Devonport Dockyard was kept busy refitting aircraft carriers such as the Ark Royal and, later, nuclear submarines while new light industrial factories were constructed in the newly zoned industrial sector attracting rapid growth of the urban population. The army had substantially left the city by 1971, with barracks pulled down in the 1960s, however the city remains home to the 42 Commando of the Royal Marines.\nQuestion: What aircraft carrier received maintenance at Devonport Dockyard? Answer:", "completion": "Ark Royal"}
{"id": "570a41686d058f1900182d22", "answers": {"text": ["Stout and porter"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malts or roast barley, and typically brewed with slow fermenting yeast. There are a number of variations including Baltic porter, dry stout, and Imperial stout. The name Porter was first used in 1721 to describe a dark brown beer popular with the street and river porters of London. This same beer later also became known as stout, though the word stout had been used as early as 1677. The history and development of stout and porter are intertwined.\nQuestion: What do you call a dark beer that is brewed with roasted malts or barley? Answer:", "completion": "Stout and porter"}
{"id": "56d0f8a117492d1400aab6ad", "answers": {"text": ["32 million"], "answer_start": [75]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: West is one of the best-selling artists of all time, having sold more than 32 million albums and 100 million digital downloads worldwide. He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time and the most Grammy-awarded artist of his age. Three of his albums rank on Rolling Stone's 2012 \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" list; two of his albums feature at first and eighth, respectively, in Pitchfork Media's The 100 Best Albums of 2010–2014. He has also been included in a number of Forbes annual lists. Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005 and 2015.\nQuestion: How many CDs has Kanye West sold? Answer:", "completion": "32 million"}
{"id": "570e72df0dc6ce190020508f", "answers": {"text": ["1 by 1⁄2 mile (1.61 by 0.80 km)"], "answer_start": [31]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Hoddle Grid (dimensions of 1 by 1⁄2 mile (1.61 by 0.80 km)) forms the centre of Melbourne's central business district. The grid's southern edge fronts onto the Yarra River. Office, commercial and public developments in the adjoining districts of Southbank and Docklands have made these redeveloped areas into extensions of the CBD in all but name. The city centre has a reputation for its historic and prominent lanes and arcades (most notably Block Place and Royal Arcade) which contain a variety of shops and cafés and are a byproduct of the city's layout.\nQuestion: What are the dimensions of the Hoddle Grid? Answer:", "completion": "1 by 1⁄2 mile (1.61 by 0.80 km)"}
{"id": "56dde5409a695914005b9676", "answers": {"text": ["the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees."], "answer_start": [56]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses, while still being incardinated in a diocese other than that of Rome.[citation needed]\nQuestion: In 1059, who was responsible for electing the pope? Answer:", "completion": "the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees."}
{"id": "572ab70bbe1ee31400cb81ce", "answers": {"text": ["felony-level criminal cases and civil suits above the minimum jurisdictional limit of $7000"], "answer_start": [141]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas (First Judicial District) is the trial court of general jurisdiction for Philadelphia, hearing felony-level criminal cases and civil suits above the minimum jurisdictional limit of $7000 (excepting small claims cases valued between $7000 and $12000 and landlord-tenant issues heard in the Municipal Court) under its original jurisdiction; it also has appellate jurisdiction over rulings from the Municipal and Traffic Courts and over decisions of certain Pennsylvania state agencies (e.g. the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board). It has 90 legally trained judges elected by the voters. It is funded and operated largely by city resources and employees. The current District Attorney is Seth Williams, a Democrat. The last Republican to hold the office is Ron Castille, who left in 1991 and is currently the Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.\nQuestion: What type of cases are heard here? Answer:", "completion": "felony-level criminal cases and civil suits above the minimum jurisdictional limit of $7000"}
{"id": "57303bb004bcaa1900d773f3", "answers": {"text": ["policies common across the island of Ireland"], "answer_start": [504]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Northern Ireland Peace Process has led to a number of unusual arrangements between the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom. For example, citizens of Northern Ireland are entitled to the choice of Irish or British citizenship or both and the Governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom consult on matters not devolved to the Northern Ireland Executive. The Northern Ireland Executive and the Government of Ireland also meet as the North/South Ministerial Council to develop policies common across the island of Ireland. These arrangements were made following the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.\nQuestion: The 1998 Good Friday Agreement resulted in what arrangement? Answer:", "completion": "policies common across the island of Ireland"}
{"id": "572e9284dfa6aa1500f8d16f", "answers": {"text": ["Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman"], "answer_start": [3]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!, he gives advice on the best way to pick up a girl in a hostess bar. At Caltech, he used a nude or topless bar as an office away from his usual office, making sketches or writing physics equations on paper placemats. When the county officials tried to close the place, all visitors except Feynman refused to testify in favor of the bar, fearing that their families or patrons would learn about their visits. Only Feynman accepted, and in court, he affirmed that the bar was a public need, stating that craftsmen, technicians, engineers, common workers, \"and a physics professor\" frequented the establishment. While the bar lost the court case, it was allowed to remain open as a similar case was pending appeal.\nQuestion: Which book does Feynman detail was to pick up girls? Answer:", "completion": "Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman"}
{"id": "572675245951b619008f7333", "answers": {"text": ["The Governor General"], "answer_start": [147]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Hastings was entrusted with the power of peace and war. British judges and magistrates would also be sent to India to administer the legal system. The Governor General and the council would have complete legislative powers. The company was allowed to maintain its virtual monopoly over trade in exchange for the biennial sum and was obligated to export a minimum quantity of goods yearly to Britain. The costs of administration were to be met by the company. The Company initially welcomed these provisions, but the annual burden of the payment contributed to the steady decline of its finances.\nQuestion: The highest ranking persons title in British india is? Answer:", "completion": "The Governor General"}
{"id": "5727b7c62ca10214002d94ae", "answers": {"text": ["1996"], "answer_start": [3]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1996, a surrogate character mechanism was implemented in Unicode 2.0, so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits. This increased the Unicode codespace to over a million code points, which allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts (e.g., Egyptian Hieroglyphs) and thousands of rarely used or obsolete characters that had not been anticipated as needing encoding. Among the characters not originally intended for Unicode are rarely used Kanji or Chinese characters, many of which are part of personal and place names, making them rarely used, but much more essential than envisioned in the original architecture of Unicode.\nQuestion: When was a surrogate character mechanism implemented in Unicode 2.0? Answer:", "completion": "1996"}
{"id": "57101794b654c5140001f7cc", "answers": {"text": ["to determine the relative amount heterosexual and homosexual experience and response in a person's history when using the scale"], "answer_start": [651]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Kinsey scale has been praised for dismissing the dichotomous classification of sexual orientation and allowing for a new perspective on human sexuality. However, the scale has been criticized because it is still not a true continuum. Despite seven categories being able to provide a more accurate description of sexual orientation than a dichotomous scale it is still difficult to determine which category individuals should be assigned to. In a major study comparing sexual response in homosexual males and females, Masters and Johnson discuss the difficulty of assigning the Kinsey ratings to participants. Particularly, they found it difficult to determine the relative amount heterosexual and homosexual experience and response in a person's history when using the scale. They report finding it difficult to assign ratings 2-4 for individuals with a large number of heterosexual and homosexual experiences. When, there is a lot of heterosexual and homosexual experiences in one's history it becomes difficult for that individual to be fully objective in assessing the relative amount of each.\nQuestion: In a study by Masters and Johnson what did the find difficult about KIneys ratings? Answer:", "completion": "to determine the relative amount heterosexual and homosexual experience and response in a person's history when using the scale"}
{"id": "5735ba07dc94161900571f53", "answers": {"text": ["stupas"], "answer_start": [911]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The ancient trade route between India and Tibet that passed through Kathmandu enabled a fusion of artistic and architectural traditions from other cultures to be amalgamated with local art and architecture. The monuments of Kathmandu City have been influenced over the centuries by Hindu and Buddhist religious practices. The architectural treasure of the Kathmandu valley has been categorized under the well-known seven groups of heritage monuments and buildings. In 2006 UNESCO declared these seven groups of monuments as a World Heritage Site (WHS). The seven monuments zones cover an area of 188.95 hectares (466.9 acres), with the buffer zone extending to 239.34 hectares (591.4 acres). The Seven Monument Zones (Mzs) inscribed originally in 1979 and with a minor modification in 2006 are Durbar squares of Hanuman Dhoka, Patan and Bhaktapur, Hindu temples of Pashupatinath and Changunarayan, the Buddhist stupas of Swayambhu and Boudhanath.\nQuestion: What Buddhist monuments are present at Boudhanath? Answer:", "completion": "stupas"}
{"id": "57278c025951b619008f8d11", "answers": {"text": ["stressful work environments and implacable work that drove them away"], "answer_start": [785]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Competition for employees with the public and private sector is another problem that Nonprofit organizations will inevitably face, particularly for management positions. There are reports of major talent shortages in the nonprofit sector today regarding newly graduated workers, and NPOs have for too long relegated hiring to a secondary priority, which could be why they find themselves in the position many do. While many established NPO's are well-funded and comparative to their public sector competetitors, many more are independent and must be creative with which incentives they use to attract and maintain vibrant personalities. The initial interest for many is the wage and benefits package, though many who have been questioned after leaving an NPO have reported that it was stressful work environments and implacable work that drove them away.\nQuestion: How do employees that are no longer with NPOs feel about the time that they worked there? Answer:", "completion": "stressful work environments and implacable work that drove them away"}
{"id": "5726bf32708984140094d030", "answers": {"text": ["al-Farabi's commentary"], "answer_start": [116]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: As a teenager, he was greatly troubled by the Metaphysics of Aristotle, which he could not understand until he read al-Farabi's commentary on the work. For the next year and a half, he studied philosophy, in which he encountered greater obstacles. In such moments of baffled inquiry, he would leave his books, perform the requisite ablutions, then go to the mosque, and continue in prayer till light broke on his difficulties. Deep into the night, he would continue his studies, and even in his dreams problems would pursue him and work out their solution. Forty times, it is said, he read through the Metaphysics of Aristotle, till the words were imprinted on his memory; but their meaning was hopelessly obscure, until one day they found illumination, from the little commentary by Farabi, which he bought at a bookstall for the small sum of three dirhams. So great was his joy at the discovery, made with the help of a work from which he had expected only mystery, that he hastened to return thanks to God, and bestowed alms upon the poor.\nQuestion: What helped Avicenna understand the Metaphysics of Aristotle? Answer:", "completion": "al-Farabi's commentary"}
{"id": "57317b49a5e9cc1400cdbfb9", "answers": {"text": ["capitalism"], "answer_start": [196]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In June 1973, Gaddafi created a political ideology as a basis for the Popular Revolution. Third International Theory considered the U.S. and the Soviet Union as imperialist, thus rejected Western capitalism as well as Eastern bloc communism's atheism. In this respect it was similar to the Three Worlds Theory developed by China's political leader Mao Zedong. As part of this theory, Gaddafi praised nationalism as a progressive force and advocated the creation of a pan-Arab state which would lead the Islamic and Third Worlds against imperialism.\nQuestion: What economic philosophy was associated with the West? Answer:", "completion": "capitalism"}
{"id": "572875ea2ca10214002da38f", "answers": {"text": ["Liberal Democrats"], "answer_start": [311]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Labour improved its performance in 1987, gaining 20 seats and so reducing the Conservative majority from 143 to 102. They were now firmly re-established as the second political party in Britain as the Alliance had once again failed to make a breakthrough with seats. A merger of the SDP and Liberals formed the Liberal Democrats. Following the 1987 election, the National Executive Committee resumed disciplinary action against members of Militant, who remained in the party, leading to further expulsions of their activists and the two MPs who supported the group.\nQuestion: What was the merger of SDP and the Liberals called? Answer:", "completion": "Liberal Democrats"}
{"id": "572ec68503f9891900756a08", "answers": {"text": ["occupied part of their capital, Berlin, for one night"], "answer_start": [346]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Between 10 and 17 October 1757, a Hungarian general, Count András Hadik, serving in the Austrian army, executed what may be the most famous hussar action in history. When the Prussian King Frederick was marching south with his powerful armies, the Hungarian general unexpectedly swung his force of 5,000, mostly hussars, around the Prussians and occupied part of their capital, Berlin, for one night. The city was spared for a negotiated ransom of 200,000 thalers. When Frederick heard about this humiliating occupation, he immediately sent a larger force to free the city. Hadik, however, left the city with his Hussars and safely reached the Austrian lines. Subsequently, Hadik was promoted to the rank of Marshal in the Austrian army.\nQuestion: What city did Hadik occupy? Answer:", "completion": "occupied part of their capital, Berlin, for one night"}
{"id": "57268dd3708984140094c9ef", "answers": {"text": ["Britain"], "answer_start": [38]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Suez Crisis very publicly exposed Britain's limitations to the world and confirmed Britain's decline on the world stage, demonstrating that henceforth it could no longer act without at least the acquiescence, if not the full support, of the United States. The events at Suez wounded British national pride, leading one MP to describe it as \"Britain's Waterloo\" and another to suggest that the country had become an \"American satellite\". Margaret Thatcher later described the mindset she believed had befallen the British political establishment as \"Suez syndrome\", from which Britain did not recover until the successful recapture of the Falkland Islands from Argentina in 1982.\nQuestion: A British minister thought which country was becoming an 'American satellite'? Answer:", "completion": "Britain"}
{"id": "571a719310f8ca1400305042", "answers": {"text": ["positive transfer."], "answer_start": [535]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Interference can hamper memorization and retrieval. There is retroactive interference, when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information and proactive interference, where prior learning disrupts recall of new information. Although interference can lead to forgetting, it is important to keep in mind that there are situations when old information can facilitate learning of new information. Knowing Latin, for instance, can help an individual learn a related language such as French – this phenomenon is known as positive transfer.\nQuestion: What is a term used to describe being able to learn something quicker due to an older ability? Answer:", "completion": "positive transfer."}
{"id": "56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b780", "answers": {"text": ["2005"], "answer_start": [242]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on \"Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world.\" Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics.\nQuestion: The HDI in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report is for what year? Answer:", "completion": "2005"}
{"id": "5726e372f1498d1400e8eed0", "answers": {"text": ["Protestant Bible societies"], "answer_start": [212]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Paul VI supported the new-found harmony and cooperation with Protestants on so many levels. When Cardinal Augustin Bea went to see him for permission for a joint Catholic-Protestant translation of the Bible with Protestant Bible societies, the pope walked towards him and exclaimed, \"as far as the cooperation with Bible societies is concerned, I am totally in favour.\" He issued a formal approval on Pentecost 1967, the feast on which the Holy Spirit descended on the Christians, overcoming all linguistic difficulties, according to Christian tradition.\nQuestion: Who was Paul VI in favor of cooperating with in the translation of the bible? Answer:", "completion": "Protestant Bible societies"}
{"id": "5706f6a190286e26004fc76f", "answers": {"text": ["The orientation behaviour"], "answer_start": [318]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. The orientation behaviour of the bird inside the cage is studied quantitatively using the distribution of marks that the bird leaves on the walls of the cage. Other approaches used in pigeon homing studies make use of the direction in which the bird vanishes on the horizon.\nQuestion: What is studied quantitatively inside the cage? Answer:", "completion": "The orientation behaviour"}
{"id": "5728bc102ca10214002da6b8", "answers": {"text": ["bridges"], "answer_start": [374]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Clovis the Frank, the first king of the Merovingian dynasty, made the city his capital from 508. A gradual immigration by the Franks also occurred in Paris in the beginning of the Frankish domination of Gaul which created the Parisian Francien dialects. Fortification of the Île-de-France failed to prevent sacking by Vikings in 845 but Paris' strategic importance—with its bridges preventing ships from passing—was established by successful defence in the Siege of Paris (885–86). In 987 Hugh Capet, Count of Paris (comte de Paris), Duke of the Franks (duc des Francs) was elected King of the Franks (roi des Franks). Under the rule of the Capetian kings, Paris gradually became the largest and most prosperous city in France.\nQuestion: What helped establish a successful defense in the Siege of Paris? Answer:", "completion": "bridges"}
{"id": "572fabd004bcaa1900d76ba9", "answers": {"text": ["177,000"], "answer_start": [134]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Communal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however. Peak use of the Underground as shelter was 177,000 on 27 September 1940, and a November 1940 census of London found that about 4% of residents used the Tube and other large shelters; 9% in public surface shelters; and 27% in private home shelters, implying that the remaining 60% of the city likely stayed at home. The government distributed Anderson shelters until 1941 and that year began distributing the Morrison shelter, which could be used inside homes.:190\nQuestion: What was the largest number to use Underground shelters in September 27, 1940? Answer:", "completion": "177,000"}
{"id": "5727f9864b864d1900164103", "answers": {"text": ["Treaty of Frankfurt"], "answer_start": [162]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1871, after the end of the war, the city was annexed to the newly established German Empire as part of the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen under the terms of the Treaty of Frankfurt. As part of Imperial Germany, Strasbourg was rebuilt and developed on a grand and representative scale, such as the Neue Stadt, or \"new city\" around the present Place de la République. Historian Rodolphe Reuss and Art historian Wilhelm von Bode were in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives, libraries and museums. The University, founded in 1567 and suppressed during the French Revolution as a stronghold of German sentiment,[citation needed] was reopened in 1872 under the name Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität.\nQuestion: What was the Treaty in 1871 called? Answer:", "completion": "Treaty of Frankfurt"}
{"id": "56e8f4ab0b45c0140094cd94", "answers": {"text": ["the Pope"], "answer_start": [215]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School are also in the precincts of the abbey. It was natural for the learned and literate monks to be entrusted with education, and Benedictine monks were required by the Pope to maintain a charity school in 1179. The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sing for services in the Abbey.\nQuestion: Who required the Benedictine monks to maintain a charity school? Answer:", "completion": "the Pope"}
{"id": "572a13263f37b319004786a6", "answers": {"text": ["late 2nd millennium BC"], "answer_start": [329]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The earliest recorded Western philosophy of time was expounded by the ancient Egyptian thinker Ptahhotep (c. 2650–2600 BC), who said, \"Do not lessen the time of following desire, for the wasting of time is an abomination to the spirit.\" The Vedas, the earliest texts on Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy, dating back to the late 2nd millennium BC, describe ancient Hindu cosmology, in which the universe goes through repeated cycles of creation, destruction, and rebirth, with each cycle lasting 4,320,000 years. Ancient Greek philosophers, including Parmenides and Heraclitus, wrote essays on the nature of time.\nQuestion: When do the Vedas date back to? Answer:", "completion": "late 2nd millennium BC"}
{"id": "570729f090286e26004fc973", "answers": {"text": ["about a third"], "answer_start": [34]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The desert zone also accounts for about a third of the state's surface area. The Chihuahuan Desert is an international biome that also extends into the neighboring Mexican state of Coahuila and into the U.S. states of Texas and New Mexico. The desert zone is mainly of flat topography with some small mountain ranges that run north to south. The desert in the state varies slightly with a small variant in climate. The lower elevations of the desert zone are found in the north along the Rio Grande which experience hotter temperatures in the summer and winter while the southern portion of the desert zone experiences cooler temperatures due to its higher elevation. The Samalayuca dunes cover an area of about 150 km2; it is an impressive site of the Chihuahuan Desert and is a protected area by the state due to unique species of plants and animals.\nQuestion: The desert zone accounts for how much of the state's surface area? Answer:", "completion": "about a third"}
{"id": "56dd26729a695914005b9521", "answers": {"text": ["1714"], "answer_start": [90]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government.\nQuestion: In what year did Queen Anne die? Answer:", "completion": "1714"}
{"id": "57312a03e6313a140071cca6", "answers": {"text": ["26 square kilometres"], "answer_start": [147]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Tuvalu consists of three reef islands and six true atolls. Its small, scattered group of atolls have poor soil and a total land area of only about 26 square kilometres (10 square miles) making it the fourth smallest country in the world. The islets that form the atolls are very low lying. Nanumanga, Niutao, Niulakita are reef islands and the six true atolls are Funafuti, Nanumea, Nui, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae and Vaitupu. Tuvalu's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers an oceanic area of approximately 900,000 km2.\nQuestion: What is the total land area of Tuvalu? Answer:", "completion": "26 square kilometres"}
{"id": "56f8410daef2371900625f55", "answers": {"text": ["enormous influence"], "answer_start": [299]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in Polish society. Each szlachcic had enormous influence over the country's politics, in some ways even greater than that enjoyed by the citizens of modern democratic countries. Between 1652 and 1791, any nobleman could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm (Commonwealth parliament) or sejmik (Commonwealth local parliament) by exercising his individual right of liberum veto (Latin for \"I do not allow\"), except in the case of a confederated sejm or confederated sejmik.\nQuestion: How much influence did each szlachcic have over politics? Answer:", "completion": "enormous influence"}
{"id": "56e16a26e3433e1400422ed7", "answers": {"text": ["Robert Boyle"], "answer_start": [9]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1671, Robert Boyle discovered and described the reaction between iron filings and dilute acids, which results in the production of hydrogen gas. In 1766, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize hydrogen gas as a discrete substance, by naming the gas from a metal-acid reaction \"flammable air\". He speculated that \"flammable air\" was in fact identical to the hypothetical substance called \"phlogiston\" and further finding in 1781 that the gas produces water when burned. He is usually given credit for its discovery as an element. In 1783, Antoine Lavoisier gave the element the name hydrogen (from the Greek ὑδρο- hydro meaning \"water\" and -γενής genes meaning \"creator\") when he and Laplace reproduced Cavendish's finding that water is produced when hydrogen is burned.\nQuestion: Who discovered Hydrogen gas? Answer:", "completion": "Robert Boyle"}
{"id": "5726715df1498d1400e8dfd2", "answers": {"text": ["1,500"], "answer_start": [44]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Bonaparte began with an army of 13,000 men; 1,500 were reported missing, 1,200 died in combat, and thousands perished from disease—mostly bubonic plague. He failed to reduce the fortress of Acre, so he marched his army back to Egypt in May. To speed up the retreat, Bonaparte ordered plague-stricken men to be poisoned with opium; the number who died remains disputed, ranging from a low of 30 to a high of 580. He also brought out 1,000 wounded men. Back in Egypt on 25 July, Bonaparte defeated an Ottoman amphibious invasion at Abukir.\nQuestion: How many soldiers from Napoleon's army were reported missing? Answer:", "completion": "1,500"}
{"id": "5727cc87ff5b5019007d957e", "answers": {"text": ["a specific cutoff date"], "answer_start": [393]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The actual substance of English law was formally \"received\" into the United States in several ways. First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted \"reception statutes\" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions. Some reception statutes impose a specific cutoff date for reception, such as the date of a colony's founding, while others are deliberately vague. Thus, contemporary U.S. courts often cite pre-Revolution cases when discussing the evolution of an ancient judge-made common law principle into its modern form, such as the heightened duty of care traditionally imposed upon common carriers.\nQuestion: Some reception statutes impose what? Answer:", "completion": "a specific cutoff date"}
{"id": "57264268271a42140099d7eb", "answers": {"text": ["medium-sized aquatic birds with broad bills, eyes on the side of the head, fairly long necks, short legs set far back on the body, and webbed feet."], "answer_start": [10]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Ducks are medium-sized aquatic birds with broad bills, eyes on the side of the head, fairly long necks, short legs set far back on the body, and webbed feet. Males, known as drakes, are often larger than females (simply known as ducks) and are differently coloured in some breeds. Domestic ducks are omnivores, eating a variety of animal and plant materials such as aquatic insects, molluscs, worms, small amphibians, waterweeds, and grasses. They feed in shallow water by dabbling, with their heads underwater and their tails upended. Most domestic ducks are too heavy to fly, and they are social birds, preferring to live and move around together in groups. They keep their plumage waterproof by preening, a process that spreads the secretions of the preen gland over their feathers.\nQuestion: How can you identify a duck from other poultry? Answer:", "completion": "medium-sized aquatic birds with broad bills, eyes on the side of the head, fairly long necks, short legs set far back on the body, and webbed feet."}
{"id": "5730f30ce6313a140071cae2", "answers": {"text": ["castle"], "answer_start": [319]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/castle), сто́ящий/стоя́щий (worthwhile/standing), чудно́/чу́дно (this is odd/this is marvelous), молоде́ц/мо́лодец (attaboy/fine young man), узна́ю/узнаю́ (I shall learn it/I recognize it), отреза́ть/отре́зать (to be cutting/to have cut); to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words, especially personal and family names (афе́ра, гу́ру, Гарси́я, Оле́ша, Фе́рми), and to show which is the stressed word in a sentence (Ты́ съел печенье?/Ты съе́л печенье?/Ты съел пече́нье? – Was it you who ate the cookie?/Did you eat the cookie?/Was it the cookie that you ate?). Stress marks are mandatory in lexical dictionaries and books for children or Russian learners.\nQuestion: What is distinguished from 'lock' only by an accent, in Russian? Answer:", "completion": "castle"}
{"id": "5725ebb3ec44d21400f3d754", "answers": {"text": ["Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche"], "answer_start": [108]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo. Named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche, it opened 21 May 1880. The hospital was originally one of the best of Latin America and in 1915 grew to 1,500 inpatients. Today the hospital is very deteriorated, with broken walls and floors, lack of medicines, beds, and rooms for the personnel. It has an emergency service, outpatient, clinic and inpatient rooms and employs approximately 610 staff, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, administrators, guards, among others. The average patient age is 30 years; more than half of the patients arrive by court order; 42% suffer from schizophrenia, 18% from depression and mania, and there are also a high percentage of drug addicted patients.\nQuestion: Who is Hospital Vilardebo named after? Answer:", "completion": "Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche"}
{"id": "5735c7d26c16ec1900b927af", "answers": {"text": ["tea"], "answer_start": [37]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Kathmandu has a larger proportion of tea drinkers than coffee drinkers. Tea is widely served but is extremely weak by western standards. It is richer and contains tea leaves boiled with milk, sugar and spices. Alcohol is widely drunk, and there are numerous local variants of alcoholic beverages. Drinking and driving is illegal, and authorities have a zero tolerance policy. Ailaa and thwon (alcohol made from rice) are the alcoholic beverages of Kathmandu, found in all the local bhattis (alcohol serving eateries). Chhyaang, tongba (fermented millet or barley) and rakshi are alcoholic beverages from other parts of Nepal which are found in Kathmandu. However, shops and bars in Kathmandu widely sell western and Nepali beers.\nQuestion: What beverage is consumed by more people in Kathmandu, coffee or tea? Answer:", "completion": "tea"}
{"id": "5733b5a64776f419006610ff", "answers": {"text": ["on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley"], "answer_start": [541]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) above sea level. The only major areas of lower land are in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys, which form the Amu Darya. Dushanbe is located on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley.\nQuestion: Where is Dushanbe located? Answer:", "completion": "on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley"}
{"id": "5729d0391d046914007795fd", "answers": {"text": ["Linux"], "answer_start": [85]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: IBM has been a leading proponent of the Open Source Initiative, and began supporting Linux in 1998. The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM Linux Technology Center, which includes over 300 Linux kernel developers. IBM has also released code under different open source licenses, such as the platform-independent software framework Eclipse (worth approximately US$40 million at the time of the donation), the three-sentence International Components for Unicode (ICU) license, and the Java-based relational database management system (RDBMS) Apache Derby. IBM's open source involvement has not been trouble-free, however (see SCO v. IBM).\nQuestion: IBM began supporting this in 1998. Answer:", "completion": "Linux"}
{"id": "56df63e78bc80c19004e4ba1", "answers": {"text": ["the US Congress"], "answer_start": [107]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: From 2002 through 2008, the Bush Administration denied funding to UNFPA that had already been allocated by the US Congress, partly on the refuted claims that the UNFPA supported Chinese government programs which include forced abortions and coercive sterilizations. In a letter from the Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Nicholas Burns to Congress, the administration said it had determined that UNFPA’s support for China’s population program “facilitates (its) government’s coercive abortion program”, thus violating the Kemp-Kasten Amendment, which bans the use of United States aid to finance organizations that support or take part in managing a program of coercive abortion of sterilization.\nQuestion: Who allocates UNFPA funding in the U.S.? Answer:", "completion": "the US Congress"}
{"id": "5724f76c0ba9f01400d97bee", "answers": {"text": ["1820"], "answer_start": [158]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne aged 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children. The United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy, in which the sovereign held relatively little direct political power. Privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments; publicly, she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of personal morality.\nQuestion: When did the Duke of Kent die? Answer:", "completion": "1820"}
{"id": "5727626b708984140094dcc9", "answers": {"text": ["continues to divide"], "answer_start": [448]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Epigenetic changes in eukaryotic biology serve to regulate the process of cellular differentiation. During morphogenesis, totipotent stem cells become the various pluripotent cell lines of the embryo, which in turn become fully differentiated cells. A single fertilized egg cell, the zygote, gives rise to the many different plant cell types including parenchyma, xylem vessel elements, phloem sieve tubes, guard cells of the epidermis, etc. as it continues to divide. The process results from the epigenetic activation of some genes and inhibition of others.\nQuestion: How are the different cells formed? Answer:", "completion": "continues to divide"}
{"id": "57343f8dd058e614000b6b7e", "answers": {"text": ["56.1"], "answer_start": [365]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Richmond experienced a spike in overall crime, in particular, the city's murder rate. The city had 93 murders for the year of 1985, with a murder rate of 41.9 killings committed per 100,000 residents. Over the next decade, the city saw a major increase in total homicides. In 1990 there were 114 murders, for a murder rate of 56.1 killings per 100,000 residents. There were 120 murders in 1995, resulting in a murder rate of 59.1 killings per 100,000 residents, one of the highest in the United States.\nQuestion: How many people per 100,000 were murdered in Richmond in 1990? Answer:", "completion": "56.1"}
{"id": "57276ad1dd62a815002e9c8c", "answers": {"text": ["Janet Rapelye"], "answer_start": [477]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 2006, Jian Li, a Chinese undergraduate at Yale University, filed a civil rights complaint with the Office for Civil Rights against Princeton University, claiming that his race played a role in their decision to reject his application for admission and seeking the suspension of federal financial assistance to the university until it \"discontinues discrimination against Asian Americans in all forms\" by eliminating race and legacy preferences. Princeton Dean of Admissions Janet Rapelye responded to the claims in the November 30, 2006, issue of the Daily Princetonian by stating that \"the numbers don't indicate [discrimination].\" She said that Li was not admitted because \"many others had far better qualifications.\" Li's extracurricular activities were described as \"not all that outstanding\". Li countered in an email, saying that his placement on the waitlist undermines Rapelye's claim. \"Princeton had initially waitlisted my application,\" Li said. \"So if it were not for a yield which was higher than expected, the admissions office very well may have admitted a candidate whose \"outside activities were not all that outstanding\".\nQuestion: Who was the Dean of Admissions at Princeton University at the time of the complaint? Answer:", "completion": "Janet Rapelye"}
{"id": "56de936b4396321400ee2a31", "answers": {"text": ["Materialism"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Materialism is closely related to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Philosophical physicalism has evolved from materialism with the discoveries of the physical sciences to incorporate more sophisticated notions of physicality than mere ordinary matter, such as: spacetime, physical energies and forces, dark matter, and so on. Thus the term \"physicalism\" is preferred over \"materialism\" by some, while others use the terms as if they are synonymous.\nQuestion: Some people consider physicalism to be synonymous with what? Answer:", "completion": "Materialism"}
{"id": "56cc55856d243a140015ef0e", "answers": {"text": ["touchscreen"], "answer_start": [400]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. The most recent iPod redesigns were announced on July 15, 2015. There are three current versions of the iPod: the ultra-compact iPod Shuffle, the compact iPod Nano and the touchscreen iPod Touch.\nQuestion: The iPod Touch uses what kind of interface? Answer:", "completion": "touchscreen"}
{"id": "573214afe99e3014001e64e5", "answers": {"text": ["adaptive, restorative and regulatory"], "answer_start": [532]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Towards the end of the Republic, religious and political offices became more closely intertwined; the office of pontifex maximus became a de facto consular prerogative. Augustus was personally vested with an extraordinary breadth of political, military and priestly powers; at first temporarily, then for his lifetime. He acquired or was granted an unprecedented number of Rome's major priesthoods, including that of pontifex maximus; as he invented none, he could claim them as traditional honours. His reforms were represented as adaptive, restorative and regulatory, rather than innovative; most notably his elevation (and membership) of the ancient Arvales, his timely promotion of the plebeian Compitalia shortly before his election and his patronage of the Vestals as a visible restoration of Roman morality. Augustus obtained the pax deorum, maintained it for the rest of his reign and adopted a successor to ensure its continuation. This remained a primary religious and social duty of emperors.\nQuestion: How were Augustus's reforms viewed? Answer:", "completion": "adaptive, restorative and regulatory"}
{"id": "57266e09f1498d1400e8df84", "answers": {"text": ["calques"], "answer_start": [496]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: After independence, Dutch was dropped as an official language and replaced by Malay. Yet the Indonesian language inherited many words from Dutch: words for everyday life as well as scientific and technological terms. One scholar argues that 20% of Indonesian words can be traced back to Dutch words, many of which are transliterated to reflect phonetic pronunciation e.g. kantoor (Dutch for \"office\") in Indonesian is kantor, while bus (\"bus\") becomes bis. In addition, many Indonesian words are calques on Dutch, for example, rumah sakit (Indonesian for \"hospital\") is calqued on the Dutch ziekenhuis (literally \"house of the sick\"), kebun binatang (\"zoo\") on dierentuin (literally \"animal garden\"), undang-undang dasar (\"constitution\") from grondwet (literally \"ground law\"). These account for some of the differences in vocabulary between Indonesian and Malay.\nQuestion: What term describes the literally translated Indonesian versions of Dutch terms that have become standard? Answer:", "completion": "calques"}
{"id": "56f990bd9b226e1400dd15a6", "answers": {"text": ["weekly evenings and monthly weekends"], "answer_start": [375]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In October 2009, the MoD was heavily criticized for withdrawing the bi-annual non-operational training £20m budget for the volunteer Territorial Army (TA), ending all non-operational training for 6 months until April 2010. The government eventually backed down and restored the funding. The TA provides a small percentage of the UK's operational troops. Its members train on weekly evenings and monthly weekends, as well as two-week exercises generally annually and occasionally bi-annually for troops doing other courses. The cuts would have meant a significant loss of personnel and would have had adverse effects on recruitment.\nQuestion: How often do the TA troops regularly train? Answer:", "completion": "weekly evenings and monthly weekends"}
{"id": "56faeb678f12f319006302c5", "answers": {"text": ["halva"], "answer_start": [7]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Xalwo (halva) is a popular confection eaten during festive occasions, such as Eid celebrations or wedding receptions. It is made from sugar, corn starch, cardamom powder, nutmeg powder and ghee. Peanuts are also sometimes added to enhance texture and flavor. After meals, homes are traditionally perfumed using frankincense (lubaan) or incense (cuunsi), which is prepared inside an incense burner referred to as a dabqaad.\nQuestion: What is another term for xalwo? Answer:", "completion": "halva"}
{"id": "56e180f5e3433e1400422f96", "answers": {"text": ["uniformity"], "answer_start": [56]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between dialects is very high, estimates ranging from 90% to 95%. The only exception is the isolated idiosyncratic Alguerese dialect.\nQuestion: What do the dialects of Catalan feature? Answer:", "completion": "uniformity"}
{"id": "56df47ad8bc80c19004e49ee", "answers": {"text": ["keeping animals"], "answer_start": [139]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Only a few contemporary societies are classified as hunter-gatherers, and many supplement their foraging activity with horticulture and/or keeping animals.\nQuestion: Besides agriculture, how do gatherers add to their food supply? Answer:", "completion": "keeping animals"}
{"id": "570ac45d4103511400d599b5", "answers": {"text": ["95%"], "answer_start": [227]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Early Triassic was between 250 million to 247 million years ago and was dominated by deserts as Pangaea had not yet broken up, thus the interior was nothing but arid. The Earth had just witnessed a massive die-off in which 95% of all life went extinct. The most common life on earth were Lystrosaurus, Labyrinthodont, and Euparkeria along with many other creatures that managed to survive the Great Dying. Temnospondyli evolved during this time and would be the dominant predator for much of the Triassic.\nQuestion: What percentage of extinction of species had recently happened?? Answer:", "completion": "95%"}
{"id": "56cc66d16d243a140015efa2", "answers": {"text": ["FireWire"], "answer_start": [14]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Originally, a FireWire connection to the host computer was used to update songs or recharge the battery. The battery could also be charged with a power adapter that was included with the first four generations.\nQuestion: What was the first type of connection used by the iPod to charge and transfer files? Answer:", "completion": "FireWire"}
{"id": "56e3bd8e8c00841900fbaede", "answers": {"text": ["immediately after publication"], "answer_start": [276]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The earliest extant samples of connected (north) Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed. The book was a Lutheran manuscript, which never reached the reader and was destroyed immediately after publication.\nQuestion: At what point in its existence was the Lutheran manuscript destroyed? Answer:", "completion": "immediately after publication"}
{"id": "57325a8ce99e3014001e66fa", "answers": {"text": ["0.50%"], "answer_start": [329]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: As of 2010, 46.29% (584,463) of Bronx residents aged five and older spoke Spanish at home, while 44.02% (555,767) spoke English, 2.48% (31,361) African languages, 0.91% (11,455) French, 0.90% (11,355) Italian, 0.87% (10,946) various Indic languages, 0.70% (8,836) other Indo-European languages, and Chinese was spoken at home by 0.50% (6,610) of the population over the age of five. In total, 55.98% (706,783) of the Bronx's population age five and older spoke a language at home other than English. A Garifuna-speaking community from Honduras and Guatemala also makes the Bronx its home.\nQuestion: How much of the Bronx speaks Chinese at home? Answer:", "completion": "0.50%"}
{"id": "5731e50f0fdd8d15006c661c", "answers": {"text": ["the number of parking spaces"], "answer_start": [296]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 2014, the airport received 15 new boarding bridges, totalling 28 in all. This was the main requirement made by the federal government, which transferred the operation of the terminal to the Inframerica Group after an auction. The group invested R$750 million in the project. In the same year, the number of parking spaces doubled, reaching three thousand. The airport's entrance have a new rooftop cover and a new access road. Furthermore, a VIP room was created on Terminal 1's third floor. The investments resulted an increase the capacity of Brasília's airport from approximately 15 million passengers per year to 21 million by 2014. Brasília has direct flights to all states of Brazil and direct international flights to Atlanta, Buenos Aires, Lisbon, Miami, Panama City, and Paris.\nQuestion: Besides boarding bridges, what also doubled in 2014 at Brasilia's airport? Answer:", "completion": "the number of parking spaces"}
{"id": "572eb0d603f9891900756959", "answers": {"text": ["up to 525 lbs"], "answer_start": [777]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: A elevator of this kind uses a vacuum on top of the cab and a valve on the top of the \"shaft\" to move the cab upwards and closes the valve in order to keep the cab at the same level. a diaphragm or a piston is used as a \"brake\" if there's a sudden increase in pressure avove the cab. however, to go down, it opens the valve so that the air can pressurize the top of the \"shaft\", allowing the cab to go down by its own weight. this also means that in case of a power failure, the cab will automatically go down. the \"shaft\" is made of acrilic, is always round, due to the shape of the vacuum pump turbine. in order to keep the air inside of the cab, rubber seals are used. due to technical limitations, these elevators have a low capacity. they usually allow 1-3 passengers and up to 525 lbs.\nQuestion: How much weight is permitted on a low capacity elevator? Answer:", "completion": "up to 525 lbs"}
{"id": "5731f6af0fdd8d15006c669d", "answers": {"text": ["Mount Ararat"], "answer_start": [56]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Armenian Highland lies in the highlands surrounding Mount Ararat, the highest peak of the region. In the Bronze Age, several states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (South-Western historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (1600–1200 BC). Soon after Hayasa-Azzi were Arme-Shupria (1300s–1190 BC), the Nairi (1400–1000 BC) and the Kingdom of Urartu (860–590 BC), who successively established their sovereignty over the Armenian Highland. Each of the aforementioned nations and tribes participated in the ethnogenesis of the Armenian people. Under Ashurbanipal (669–627 BC), the Assyrian empire reached the Caucasus Mountains (modern Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan).\nQuestion: What mountain does Armenia surround? Answer:", "completion": "Mount Ararat"}
{"id": "573189d6e6313a140071d062", "answers": {"text": ["Schindler's List"], "answer_start": [309]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In a career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have covered many themes and genres. Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood blockbuster filmmaking. In later years, his films began addressing humanistic issues such as the Holocaust (in Schindler's List), the transatlantic slave trade (in Amistad), war (in Empire of the Sun, Saving Private Ryan, War Horse and Bridge of Spies) and terrorism (in Munich). His other films include Close Encounters of the Third Kind, the Indiana Jones film series, and A.I. Artificial Intelligence.\nQuestion: In what film did Spielberg address humanistic issues? Answer:", "completion": "Schindler's List"}
{"id": "5728df482ca10214002daa00", "answers": {"text": ["$2.1 billion"], "answer_start": [335]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On February 18, 2015, Canadian Transport Minister Lisa Raitt announced that Canada has agreed to pay the entire cost to build a $250 million U.S. Customs plaza adjacent to the planned new Detroit–Windsor bridge, now the Gordie Howe International Bridge. Canada had already planned to pay for 95 per cent of the bridge, which will cost $2.1 billion, and is expected to open in 2020. \"This allows Canada and Michigan to move the project forward immediately to its next steps which include further design work and property acquisition on the U.S. side of the border,\" Raitt said in a statement issued after she spoke in the House of Commons. \nQuestion: How much is the Gordie Howe International Bridge expected to cost? Answer:", "completion": "$2.1 billion"}
{"id": "5726e7ab708984140094d562", "answers": {"text": ["three field armies"], "answer_start": [124]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Chinese counterattacked in April 1951, with the Fifth Phase Offensive, also known as the Chinese Spring Offensive, with three field armies (approximately 700,000 men). The offensive's first thrust fell upon I Corps, which fiercely resisted in the Battle of the Imjin River (22–25 April 1951) and the Battle of Kapyong (22–25 April 1951), blunting the impetus of the offensive, which was halted at the \"No-name Line\" north of Seoul. On 15 May 1951, the Chinese commenced the second impulse of the Spring Offensive and attacked the ROK Army and the U.S. X Corps in the east at the Soyang River. After initial success, they were halted by 20 May. At month's end, the U.S. Eighth Army counterattacked and regained \"Line Kansas\", just north of the 38th parallel. The UN's \"Line Kansas\" halt and subsequent offensive action stand-down began the stalemate that lasted until the armistice of 1953.\nQuestion: How many armies did the Chinese use in the Fifth Phase Offensive? Answer:", "completion": "three field armies"}
{"id": "56e11e6fcd28a01900c67604", "answers": {"text": ["the American Revolution"], "answer_start": [30]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Many of the crucial events of the American Revolution—the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, Paul Revere's midnight ride, the battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill, the Siege of Boston, and many others—occurred in or near Boston. After the Revolution, Boston's long seafaring tradition helped make it one of the world's wealthiest international ports, with rum, fish, salt, and tobacco being particularly important.\nQuestion: Boston became one of the wealthiest international ports after what war? Answer:", "completion": "the American Revolution"}
{"id": "57322ed7b9d445190005e8a4", "answers": {"text": ["imprisoned or martyred"], "answer_start": [102]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In some cases and in some places the edicts were strictly enforced: some Christians resisted and were imprisoned or martyred. Others complied. Some local communities were not only pre-dominantly Christian, but powerful and influential; and some provincial authorities were lenient, notably the Caesar in Gaul, Constantius Chlorus, the father of Constantine I. Diocletian's successor Galerius maintained anti-Christian policy until his deathbed revocation in 311, when he asked Christians to pray for him. \"This meant an official recognition of their importance in the religious world of the Roman empire, although one of the tetrarchs, Maximinus Daia, still oppressed Christians in his part of the empire up to 313.\"\nQuestion: In areas of strict enforcement, what happened to Christians? Answer:", "completion": "imprisoned or martyred"}
{"id": "56cddfff62d2951400fa6941", "answers": {"text": ["oil"], "answer_start": [214]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Both the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China. Copper rose over speculations that production in southwestern China may be affected, and oil prices dropped over speculations that demand from China would fall.\nQuestion: What natural resource dropped in value? Answer:", "completion": "oil"}
{"id": "5725b7e9ec44d21400f3d44e", "answers": {"text": ["July 22, 1946"], "answer_start": [939]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Third (1919–23) and Fourth Aliyahs (1924–29) brought an additional 100,000 Jews to Palestine. Finally, the rise of Nazism and the increasing persecution of Jews in 1930s Europe led to the Fifth Aliyah, with an influx of a quarter of a million Jews. This was a major cause of the Arab revolt of 1936–39 during which the British Mandate authorities alongside the Zionist militias of Haganah and Irgun killed 5,032 Arabs and wounded 14,760, resulting in over ten percent of the adult male Palestinian Arab population killed, wounded, imprisoned or exiled. The British introduced restrictions on Jewish immigration to Palestine with the White Paper of 1939. With countries around the world turning away Jewish refugees fleeing the Holocaust, a clandestine movement known as Aliyah Bet was organized to bring Jews to Palestine. By the end of World War II, the Jewish population of Palestine had increased to 33% of the total population. On July 22, 1946, Irgun attacked the British administrative headquarters for Palestine, which was housed in the southern wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem. 91 people of various nationalities were killed and 46 were injured. The hotel was the site of the central offices of the British Mandatory authorities of Palestine, principally the Secretariat of the Government of Palestine and the Headquarters of the British Armed Forces in Palestine and Transjordan. The attack initially had the approval of the Haganah (the principal Jewish paramilitary group in Palestine). It was conceived as a response to Operation Agatha (a series of widespread raids, including one on the Jewish Agency, conducted by the British authorities) and was the deadliest directed at the British during the Mandate era (1920–1948).\nQuestion: When did Irgun attack the British administrative headquarters? Answer:", "completion": "July 22, 1946"}
{"id": "5726097838643c19005acf69", "answers": {"text": ["Buddhism"], "answer_start": [342]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Despite their initial reluctance, the Successors seem to have later deliberately naturalized themselves to their different regions, presumably in order to help maintain control of the population. In the Ptolemaic kingdom, we find some Egyptianized Greeks by the 2nd century onwards. The Indo-Greek kingdom, we find kings who were converts to Buddhism (e.g. Menander). The Greeks in the regions therefore gradually become 'localized', adopting local customs as appropriate. In this way, hybrid 'Hellenistic' cultures naturally emerged, at least among the upper echelons of society.\nQuestion: Menander converted to what religion? Answer:", "completion": "Buddhism"}
{"id": "570686af52bb891400689a3e", "answers": {"text": ["Twelve"], "answer_start": [465]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: At the heart of the city is the magnificent Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly known as Viceroy's House) which sits atop Raisina Hill. The Secretariat, which houses ministries of the Government of India, flanks out of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The Parliament House, designed by Herbert Baker, is located at the Sansad Marg, which runs parallel to the Rajpath. Connaught Place is a large, circular commercial area in New Delhi, modelled after the Royal Crescent in England. Twelve separate roads lead out of the outer ring of Connaught Place, one of them being the Janpath.\nQuestion: How many roads lead out of the outer ring of Connaught Place? Answer:", "completion": "Twelve"}
{"id": "5731e813e99e3014001e63be", "answers": {"text": ["agricultural"], "answer_start": [29]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The country is a significant agricultural producer within the EU. Greece has the largest economy in the Balkans and is as an important regional investor. Greece was the largest foreign investor in Albania in 2013, the third in Bulgaria, in the top-three in Romania and Serbia and the most important trading partner and largest foreign investor in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The Greek telecommunications company OTE has become a strong investor in former Yugoslavia and in other Balkan countries.\nQuestion: What is Greece a significant producer of within the EU? Answer:", "completion": "agricultural"}
{"id": "56d384e559d6e4140014660b", "answers": {"text": ["19 Entertainment"], "answer_start": [129]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The show had been criticized in earlier seasons over the onerous contract contestants had to sign that gave excessive control to 19 Entertainment over their future career, and handed a large part of their future earnings to the management.\nQuestion: What company are contestants required to sign a contract with on American Idol? Answer:", "completion": "19 Entertainment"}
{"id": "572631f7ec44d21400f3dc0b", "answers": {"text": ["wipe out the entire drilling season"], "answer_start": [650]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: As the Kulluk oil rig was being towed to the American state of Washington to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season, a winter storm on 27 December 2012 caused the towing crews, as well as the rescue service, to lose control of the situation. As of 1 January 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast Sitkalidak Island, near the eastern end of Kodiak Island. Following the accident, a Fortune magazine contacted Larry McKinney, the executive director at the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies at Texas A&M, and he explained that \"A two-month delay in the Arctic is not a two-month delay ... A two-month delay could wipe out the entire drilling season.\"\nQuestion: Larry McKinney explained that a two-month delay in drilling could do what? Answer:", "completion": "wipe out the entire drilling season"}
{"id": "570c2d8e6b8089140040fbd4", "answers": {"text": ["FBI"], "answer_start": [37]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nation's prime federal law enforcement organization. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Justice, FBI is concurrently a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.\nQuestion: What agency is the domestic intelligence and security service for the US? Answer:", "completion": "FBI"}
{"id": "5727c7343acd2414000dec23", "answers": {"text": ["Robert Koch"], "answer_start": [101]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The bacillus causing tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis, was identified and described on 24 March 1882 by Robert Koch. He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1905 for this discovery. Koch did not believe the bovine (cattle) and human tuberculosis diseases were similar, which delayed the recognition of infected milk as a source of infection. Later, the risk of transmission from this source was dramatically reduced by the invention of the pasteurization process. Koch announced a glycerine extract of the tubercle bacilli as a \"remedy\" for tuberculosis in 1890, calling it \"tuberculin\". While it was not effective, it was later successfully adapted as a screening test for the presence of pre-symptomatic tuberculosis. The World Tuberculosis Day was established on 24 March for this reason.\nQuestion: Who discovered M. tuberculosis? Answer:", "completion": "Robert Koch"}
{"id": "56df7b3d56340a1900b29c10", "answers": {"text": ["Plympton"], "answer_start": [266]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Plymouth City Council is responsible for waste management throughout the city and South West Water is responsible for sewerage. Plymouth's electricity is supplied from the National Grid and distributed to Plymouth via Western Power Distribution. On the outskirts of Plympton a combined cycle gas-powered station, the Langage Power Station, which started to produce electricity for Plymouth at the end of 2009.\nQuestion: What settlement is Langage Power Station located near? Answer:", "completion": "Plympton"}
{"id": "572a85fc111d821400f38bba", "answers": {"text": ["NW"], "answer_start": [443]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Miami's road system is based along the numerical \"Miami Grid\" where Flagler Street forms the east-west baseline and Miami Avenue forms the north-south meridian. The corner of Flagler Street and Miami Avenue is in the middle of Downtown in front of the Downtown Macy's (formerly the Burdine's headquarters). The Miami grid is primarily numerical so that, for example, all street addresses north of Flagler Street and west of Miami Avenue have \"NW\" in their address. Because its point of origin is in Downtown, which is close to the coast, therefore, the \"NW\" and \"SW\" quadrants are much larger than the \"SE\" and \"NE\" quadrants. Many roads, especially major ones, are also named (e.g., Tamiami Trail/SW 8th St), although, with exceptions, the number is in more common usage among locals.\nQuestion: If a street is west of Miami Avenue and north of Flagler Street, what will necessarily be in its address? Answer:", "completion": "NW"}
{"id": "5731403205b4da19006bcf3c", "answers": {"text": ["In 1299"], "answer_start": [833]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the northeast, Slavs from the Kievan region colonized the territory that later would become the Grand Duchy of Moscow by subjugating and merging with the Finnic tribes already occupying the area. The city of Rostov, the oldest centre of the northeast, was supplanted first by Suzdal and then by the city of Vladimir, which become the capital of Vladimir-Suzdal'. The combined principality of Vladimir-Suzdal asserted itself as a major power in Kievan Rus' in the late 12th century. In 1169 Prince Andrey Bogolyubskiy of Vladimir-Suzdal sacked the city of Kiev and took over the title of the (Великий Князь/Velikiy Knyaz/Grand Prince or Grand Duke) to Vladimir, this way claiming the primacy in Rus'. Prince Andrey then installed his younger brother, who ruled briefly in Kiev while Andrey continued to rule his realm from Suzdal. In 1299, in the wake of the Mongol invasion, the metropolitan moved from Kiev to the city of Vladimir and Vladimir-Suzdal.\nQuestion: In what year did the mongol invasion begin? Answer:", "completion": "In 1299"}
{"id": "57321d1eb9d445190005e81d", "answers": {"text": ["COSCO"], "answer_start": [486]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 2010 Piraeus handled 513,319 TEUs, followed by Thessaloniki, which handled 273,282 TEUs. In the same year, 83.9 million people passed through Greece's ports, 12.7 million through the port of Paloukia in Salamis, another 12.7 through the port of Perama, 9.5 million through Piraeus and 2.7 million through Igoumenitsa. In 2013, Piraeus handled a record 3.16 million TEUs, the third-largest figure in the Mediterranean, of which 2.52 million were transported through Pier II, owned by COSCO and 644,000 were transported through Pier I, owned by the Greek state.\nQuestion: What organization owns Pier II in Piraeus? Answer:", "completion": "COSCO"}
{"id": "56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e3", "answers": {"text": ["classical civilisation"], "answer_start": [110]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period.\nQuestion: What is another name for Antiquity? Answer:", "completion": "classical civilisation"}
{"id": "5730487aa23a5019007fd072", "answers": {"text": ["Themba Dlamini"], "answer_start": [199]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 2004, the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis, with 38.8% of tested pregnant women infected with HIV (see AIDS in Africa). The then Prime Minister Themba Dlamini declared a humanitarian crisis due to the combined effect of drought, land degradation, increased poverty, and HIV/AIDS. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, Swaziland is close to achieving universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment, defined as 80% coverage or greater. Estimates of treatment coverage range from 70% to 80% of those infected. Life expectancy had fallen from 61 years in 2000 to 32 years in 2009. Tuberculosis is also a significant problem, with an 18% mortality rate. Many patients have a multi-drug resistant strain, and 83% are co-infected with HIV.\nQuestion: Who was the prime minister of Swaziland in 2004? Answer:", "completion": "Themba Dlamini"}
{"id": "56e19028e3433e1400422fc1", "answers": {"text": ["/u/"], "answer_start": [135]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan.\nQuestion: What letter remains distinct? Answer:", "completion": "/u/"}
{"id": "572a30906aef05140015534c", "answers": {"text": ["mud brick houses"], "answer_start": [191]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The shelter of the early people changed dramatically from the paleolithic to the neolithic era. In the paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent houses possible. Doorways were made on the roof, with ladders positioned both on the inside and outside of the houses. The roof was supported by beams from the inside. The rough ground was covered by platforms, mats, and skins on which residents slept. Stilt-houses settlements were common in the Alpine and Pianura Padana (Terramare) region. Remains have been found at the Ljubljana Marshes in Slovenia and at the Mondsee and Attersee lakes in Upper Austria, for example.\nQuestion: What type of homes were built in the Neolithic era? Answer:", "completion": "mud brick houses"}
{"id": "570ac42c4103511400d599ad", "answers": {"text": ["1895"], "answer_start": [440]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Lancashire produced well known teams in super league such as St Helens, Wigan, and Warrington. The county was once the focal point for many of the sport's professional competitions including the Lancashire League competition which ran from 1895 to 1970, and the Lancashire County Cup which was abandoned in 1993. Rugby League has also seen a representative fixture between Lancashire and Yorkshire contested 89 times since its inception in 1895. Currently there are several rugby league teams that are based within the ceremonial county which include Blackpool Panthers, East Lancashire Lions, Blackpool Sea Eagles, Bamber Bridge, Leyland Warriors, Chorley Panthers, Blackpool Stanley, Blackpool Scorpions and Adlington Rangers.\nQuestion: What year did Rugby League start? Answer:", "completion": "1895"}
{"id": "572766c4dd62a815002e9c40", "answers": {"text": ["sleet and freezing rain"], "answer_start": [376]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In winter, the Piedmont is colder than the coast, with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s–lower 50s °F (8–12 °C) during the day and often dropping below the freezing point at night. The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border. The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain. Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines. Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year.\nQuestion: What type of precipitation is the Piedmont known for? Answer:", "completion": "sleet and freezing rain"}
{"id": "56e0724a231d4119001ac15a", "answers": {"text": ["£11 million"], "answer_start": [74]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Quoted at constant 2002 prices, GDP fell from £12 million in 1999-2000 to £11 million in 2005-06. Imports are mainly from the UK and South Africa and amounted to £6.4 million in 2004-05 (quoted on an FOB basis). Exports are much smaller, amounting to £0.2 million in 2004-05. Exports are mainly fish and coffee; Philatelic sales were £0.06 million in 2004-05. The limited number of visiting tourists spent about £0.4 million in 2004-05, representing a contribution to GDP of 3%.\nQuestion: By 2006 the GDP had dropped to what? Answer:", "completion": "£11 million"}
{"id": "572f7ca3a23a5019007fc681", "answers": {"text": ["The Iroquois, dominant in what is now Upstate New York, sided with the British but did not play a large role in the war"], "answer_start": [683]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: During the war, the Seven Nations of Canada were allied with the French. These were Native Americans of the Laurentian valley—the Algonquin, the Abenaki, the Huron, and others. Although the Algonquin tribes and the Seven Nations were not directly concerned with the fate of the Ohio River Valley, they had been victims of the Iroquois Confederation. The Iroquois had encroached on Algonquin territory and pushed the Algonquins west beyond Lake Michigan. Therefore, the Algonquin and the Seven Nations were interested in fighting against the Iroquois. Throughout New England, New York, and the North-west Native American tribes formed differing alliances with the major belligerents. The Iroquois, dominant in what is now Upstate New York, sided with the British but did not play a large role in the war.\nQuestion: How valuable was the Iroquois alliance with Britain? Answer:", "completion": "The Iroquois, dominant in what is now Upstate New York, sided with the British but did not play a large role in the war"}
{"id": "56d548552593cc1400307b1b", "answers": {"text": ["200,000"], "answer_start": [157]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Executive vice governor Wei Hong confirmed on November 21, 2008 that more than 90,000 people in total were dead or missing in the earthquake. He stated that 200,000 homes had been rebuilt, and 685,000 were under reconstruction, but 1.94 million households were still without permanent shelter. 1,300 schools had been reconstructed, with initial relocation of 25 townships, including Beichuan and Wenchuan, two of the most devastated areas. The government spent $441 billion on relief and reconstruction efforts.\nQuestion: How many homes had been rebuilt? Answer:", "completion": "200,000"}
{"id": "5731c670b9d445190005e52a", "answers": {"text": ["John Wycliffe"], "answer_start": [124]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Beginning in first decade of the 15th century, Jan Hus—a Roman Catholic priest, Czech reformist and professor—influenced by John Wycliffe's writings, founded the Hussite movement. He strongly advocated his reformist Bohemian religious denomination. He was excommunicated and burned at the stake in Constance, Bishopric of Constance in 1415 by secular authorities for unrepentant and persistent heresy. After his execution, a revolt erupted. Hussites defeated five continuous crusades proclaimed against them by the Pope.\nQuestion: Whose words were an inspiration for Jan Hus? Answer:", "completion": "John Wycliffe"}
{"id": "56db1f11e7c41114004b4d9b", "answers": {"text": ["Tibetan flags"], "answer_start": [93]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: French police were criticised for their handling of the events, and notably for confiscating Tibetan flags from demonstrators. The newspaper Libération commented: \"The police did so much that only the Chinese were given freedom of expression. The Tibetan flag was forbidden everywhere except on the Trocadéro.\" Minister of the Interior Michèle Alliot-Marie later stated that the police had not been ordered to do so, and that they had acted on their own initiative. A cameraman for France 2 was struck in the face by a police officer, knocked unconscious, and had to be sent to hospital.\nQuestion: What did French law enforcement take from protesters? Answer:", "completion": "Tibetan flags"}
{"id": "572a6495fed8de19000d5be5", "answers": {"text": ["Ottoman cuisine"], "answer_start": [83]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Much of the cuisine of former Ottoman territories today is descended from a shared Ottoman cuisine, especially Turkish cuisine, and including Greek cuisine, Balkan cuisine, Armenian cuisine, and Middle Eastern cuisine. Many common dishes in the region, descendants of the once-common Ottoman cuisine, include yogurt, döner kebab/gyro/shawarma, cacık/tzatziki, ayran, pita bread, feta cheese, baklava, lahmacun, moussaka, yuvarlak, köfte/keftés/kofta, börek/boureki, rakı/rakia/tsipouro/tsikoudia, meze, dolma, sarma, rice pilaf, Turkish coffee, sujuk, kashk, keşkek, manti, lavash, kanafeh, and more.\nQuestion: Pita bread descends from what type of cuisine? Answer:", "completion": "Ottoman cuisine"}
{"id": "57291b5a3f37b31900478026", "answers": {"text": ["Graves"], "answer_start": [415]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Wright himself believed that values >0.25 represent very great genetic variation and that an FST of 0.15–0.25 represented great variation. However, about 5% of human variation occurs between populations within continents, therefore FST values between continental groups of humans (or races) of as low as 0.1 (or possibly lower) have been found in some studies, suggesting more moderate levels of genetic variation. Graves (1996) has countered that FST should not be used as a marker of subspecies status, as the statistic is used to measure the degree of differentiation between populations, although see also Wright (1978).\nQuestion: What is the name of the person who thinks FST shouldn't be used as a marker of subspecies status? Answer:", "completion": "Graves"}
{"id": "57072adb9e06ca38007e94c3", "answers": {"text": ["grazing"], "answer_start": [840]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates. In the mountain zone of the state the most observed mammals are: Mexican fox squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis), antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni), raccoon (Procyon lotor), hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), wild boar (Sus scrofa), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer Odocoileus hemionus, American bison Bison bison, cougar (Puma concolor), eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus, North American porcupine Erethizon dorsatum, bobcat Lynx rufus, Mexican wolf Canis lupus baileyi, and coyote Canis latrans. American black bear Ursus americanus is also found but in very small numbers. The Mexican wolf, once abundant, has been extirpated. The main cause of degradation has been grazing. Although there are many reptilian species in the mountains the most observed species include: Northern Mexican pine snake, Pituophis deppei jani, Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum), rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus), black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus), and plateau tiger salamander Ambystoma velasci, one of possibly many amphibians to be found in the mountains.\nQuestion: The main cause of degradation has been what? Answer:", "completion": "grazing"}
{"id": "572ec5f7cb0c0d14000f1536", "answers": {"text": ["1982"], "answer_start": [513]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Compact Disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD-RW), Video Compact Disc (VCD), Super Video Compact Disc (SVCD), Photo CD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced Music CD. Audio CDs and audio CD players have been commercially available since October 1982.\nQuestion: When did Audio CDs become available for purchase? Answer:", "completion": "1982"}
{"id": "5726fe74708984140094d7f9", "answers": {"text": ["much greater than their separation d"], "answer_start": [384]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The simplest model capacitor consists of two thin parallel conductive plates separated by a dielectric with permittivity ε . This model may also be used to make qualitative predictions for other device geometries. The plates are considered to extend uniformly over an area A and a charge density ±ρ = ±Q/A exists on their surface. Assuming that the length and width of the plates are much greater than their separation d, the electric field near the centre of the device will be uniform with the magnitude E = ρ/ε. The voltage is defined as the line integral of the electric field between the plates\nQuestion: In an ideal model of a capacitor, what must be assumed about the size of the plates? Answer:", "completion": "much greater than their separation d"}
{"id": "56ce68dcaab44d1400b8876d", "answers": {"text": ["1960"], "answer_start": [734]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Lee modeled the character of Dill on her childhood friend, Truman Capote, known then as Truman Persons. Just as Dill lived next door to Scout during the summer, Capote lived next door to Lee with his aunts while his mother visited New York City. Like Dill, Capote had an impressive imagination and a gift for fascinating stories. Both Lee and Capote were atypical children: both loved to read. Lee was a scrappy tomboy who was quick to fight, but Capote was ridiculed for his advanced vocabulary and lisp. She and Capote made up and acted out stories they wrote on an old Underwood typewriter Lee's father gave them. They became good friends when both felt alienated from their peers; Capote called the two of them \"apart people\". In 1960, Capote and Lee traveled to Kansas together to investigate the multiple murders that were the basis for Capote's nonfiction novel In Cold Blood.\nQuestion: What year did Lee and Capote go to Kansas together? Answer:", "completion": "1960"}
{"id": "5731e624e17f3d140042251a", "answers": {"text": ["Talaat Harb"], "answer_start": [114]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Egyptian cinema became a regional force with the coming of sound. In 1936, Studio Misr, financed by industrialist Talaat Harb, emerged as the leading Egyptian studio, a role the company retained for three decades. For over 100 years, more than 4000 films have been produced in Egypt, three quarters of the total Arab production.[citation needed] Egypt is considered the leading country in the field of cinema in the Middle East. Actors from all over the Arab World seek to appear in the Egyptian cinema for the sake of fame. The Cairo International Film Festival has been rated as one of 11 festivals with a top class rating worldwide by the International Federation of Film Producers' Associations.\nQuestion: Who financed Studio Misr? Answer:", "completion": "Talaat Harb"}
{"id": "56ddaa9b9a695914005b9584", "answers": {"text": ["1992"], "answer_start": [576]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In countries like Iran, Finland, Malaysia, Portugal, Singapore or the United Kingdom, there is often a significant and confused distinction between polytechnics and universities. In the UK a binary system of higher education emerged consisting of universities (research orientation) and Polytechnics (engineering and applied science and professional practice orientation). Polytechnics offered university equivalent degrees from bachelor's, master's and PhD that were validated and governed at the national level by the independent UK Council for National Academic Awards. In 1992 UK Polytechnics were designated as universities which meant they could award their own degrees. The CNAA was disbanded. The UK's first polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now the University of Westminster) was founded in 1838 in Regent Street, London. In Ireland the term institute of technology is the more favored synonym of a regional technical college though the latter is the legally correct term; however, Dublin Institute of Technology is a university in all but name as it can confer degrees in accordance with law, Cork Institute of Technology and another of other Institutes of Technology have delegated authority from HETAC to make awards to and including master's degree level—Level 9 of the National Framework for Qualifications (NFQ)—for all areas of study and Doctorate level in a number of others.\nQuestion: In what year were polytechnics in the UK given the university designation? Answer:", "completion": "1992"}
{"id": "572431470ba9f01400d97b77", "answers": {"text": ["nine"], "answer_start": [90]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the sobriquet \"the grandmother of Europe\". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.\nQuestion: How many children did Queen Victoria and Prince Albert have? Answer:", "completion": "nine"}
{"id": "5730ef4205b4da19006bcc64", "answers": {"text": ["instituting such a festival without the permission of the Holy See"], "answer_start": [314]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: It seems to have been St Bernard of Clairvaux who, in the 12th century, explicitly raised the question of the Immaculate Conception. A feast of the Conception of the Blessed Virgin had already begun to be celebrated in some churches of the West. St Bernard blames the canons of the metropolitan church of Lyon for instituting such a festival without the permission of the Holy See. In doing so, he takes occasion to repudiate altogether the view that the conception of Mary was sinless. It is doubtful, however, whether he was using the term \"conception\" in the same sense in which it is used in the definition of Pope Pius IX. Bernard would seem to have been speaking of conception in the active sense of the mother's cooperation, for in his argument he says: \"How can there be absence of sin where there is concupiscence (libido)?\" and stronger expressions follow, showing that he is speaking of the mother and not of the child.\nQuestion: Did the query starter believe that the festival for Mary's conception had authorization to be held ? Answer:", "completion": "instituting such a festival without the permission of the Holy See"}
{"id": "57296e256aef051400154e74", "answers": {"text": ["gone down dramatically"], "answer_start": [664]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Being Sicily's administrative capital, Palermo is a centre for much of the region's finance, tourism and commerce. The city currently hosts an international airport, and Palermo's economic growth over the years has brought the opening of many new businesses. The economy mainly relies on tourism and services, but also has commerce, shipbuilding and agriculture. The city, however, still has high unemployment levels, high corruption and a significant black market empire (Palermo being the home of the Sicilian Mafia). Even though the city still suffers from widespread corruption, inefficient bureaucracy and organized crime, the level of crime in Palermo's has gone down dramatically, unemployment has been decreasing and many new, profitable opportunities for growth (especially regarding tourism) have been introduced, making the city safer and better to live in.\nQuestion: Has the level of crime in Palermo risen or declined? Answer:", "completion": "gone down dramatically"}
{"id": "5728c6c4ff5b5019007da676", "answers": {"text": ["ice age"], "answer_start": [77]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: People lived on the edge of the desert thousands of years ago since the last ice age. The Sahara was then a much wetter place than it is today. Over 30,000 petroglyphs of river animals such as crocodiles survive, with half found in the Tassili n'Ajjer in southeast Algeria. Fossils of dinosaurs, including Afrovenator, Jobaria and Ouranosaurus, have also been found here. The modern Sahara, though, is not lush in vegetation, except in the Nile Valley, at a few oases, and in the northern highlands, where Mediterranean plants such as the olive tree are found to grow. It was long believed that the region had been this way since about 1600 BCE, after shifts in the Earth's axis increased temperatures and decreased precipitation. However, this theory has recently been called into dispute, when samples taken from several 7 million year old sand deposits led scientists to reconsider the timeline for desertification.\nQuestion: When did people start living on the edge of the desert? Answer:", "completion": "ice age"}
{"id": "5727d0e74b864d1900163dce", "answers": {"text": ["a microcontroller"], "answer_start": [560]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: USB mice and keyboards can usually be used with older computers that have PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter. For mice and keyboards with dual-protocol support, an adaptor that contains no logic circuitry may be used: the hardware in the USB keyboard or mouse is designed to detect whether it is connected to a USB or PS/2 port, and communicate using the appropriate protocol. Converters also exist that connect PS/2 keyboards and mice (usually one of each) to a USB port. These devices present two HID endpoints to the system and use a microcontroller to perform bidirectional data translation between the two standards.\nQuestion: What performs bidirectional data translation between two standards? Answer:", "completion": "a microcontroller"}
{"id": "572fa92fb2c2fd14005682d7", "answers": {"text": ["resin"], "answer_start": [774]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The hole walls for boards with two or more layers can be made conductive and then electroplated with copper to form plated-through holes. These holes electrically connect the conducting layers of the PCB. For multi-layer boards, those with three layers or more, drilling typically produces a smear of the high temperature decomposition products of bonding agent in the laminate system. Before the holes can be plated through, this smear must be removed by a chemical de-smear process, or by plasma-etch. The de-smear process ensures that a good connection is made to the copper layers when the hole is plated through. On high reliability boards a process called etch-back is performed chemically with a potassium permanganate based etchant or plasma. The etch-back removes resin and the glass fibers so that the copper layers extend into the hole and as the hole is plated become integral with the deposited copper.\nQuestion: Etch-back removes glass fibers and what other material? Answer:", "completion": "resin"}
{"id": "5730f58e05b4da19006bcc9b", "answers": {"text": ["883"], "answer_start": [525]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and Dir, proclaimed himself prince, and declared Kiev the \"mother of Rus' cities.\" Oleg set about consolidating his power over the surrounding region and the riverways north to Novgorod, imposing tribute on the East Slav tribes. In 883, he conquered the Drevlians, imposing a fur tribute on them. By 885 he had subjugated the Poliane, Severiane, Vyatichi, and Radimichs, forbidding them to pay further tribute to the Khazars. Oleg continued to develop and expand a network of Rus' forts in Slav lands, begun by Rurik in the north.\nQuestion: What year did Oleg conquer the Drevlians? Answer:", "completion": "883"}
{"id": "572b550a34ae481900dead91", "answers": {"text": ["electronics and optics."], "answer_start": [342]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Binary compounds of zinc are known for most of the metalloids and all the nonmetals except the noble gases. The oxide ZnO is a white powder that is nearly insoluble in neutral aqueous solutions, but is amphoteric, dissolving in both strong basic and acidic solutions. The other chalcogenides (ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe) have varied applications in electronics and optics. Pnictogenides (Zn\n3N\n2, Zn\n3P\n2, Zn\n3As\n2 and Zn\n3Sb\n2), the peroxide (ZnO\n2), the hydride (ZnH\n2), and the carbide (ZnC\n2) are also known. Of the four halides, ZnF\n2 has the most ionic character, whereas the others (ZnCl\n2, ZnBr\n2, and ZnI\n2) have relatively low melting points and are considered to have more covalent character.\nQuestion: What applications do chalcogenides have? Answer:", "completion": "electronics and optics."}
{"id": "572a5fbab8ce0319002e2aef", "answers": {"text": ["same as school does in the English language"], "answer_start": [554]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The word madrasah derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root د-ر-س D-R-S 'to learn, study', through the wazn (form/stem) مفعل(ة)‎; mafʻal(ah), meaning \"a place where something is done\". Therefore, madrasah literally means \"a place where learning and studying take place\". The word is also present as a loanword with the same innocuous meaning in many Arabic-influenced languages, such as: Urdu, Bengali, Hindi, Persian, Turkish, Azeri, Kurdish, Indonesian, Malay and Bosnian / Croatian. In the Arabic language, the word مدرسة madrasah simply means the same as school does in the English language, whether that is private, public or parochial school, as well as for any primary or secondary school whether Muslim, non-Muslim, or secular. Unlike the use of the word school in British English, the word madrasah more closely resembles the term school in American English, in that it can refer to a university-level or post-graduate school as well as to a primary or secondary school. For example, in the Ottoman Empire during the Early Modern Period, madaris had lower schools and specialised schools where the students became known as danişmends. The usual Arabic word for a university, however, is جامعة (jāmiʻah). The Hebrew cognate midrasha also connotes the meaning of a place of learning; the related term midrash literally refers to study or learning, but has acquired mystical and religious connotations.\nQuestion: In Arabic, what does madarasah mean? Answer:", "completion": "same as school does in the English language"}
{"id": "5733caf74776f4190066124e", "answers": {"text": ["28"], "answer_start": [119]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The men's basketball team has over 1,600 wins, one of only 12 schools who have reached that mark, and have appeared in 28 NCAA tournaments. Former player Austin Carr holds the record for most points scored in a single game of the tournament with 61. Although the team has never won the NCAA Tournament, they were named by the Helms Athletic Foundation as national champions twice. The team has orchestrated a number of upsets of number one ranked teams, the most notable of which was ending UCLA's record 88-game winning streak in 1974. The team has beaten an additional eight number-one teams, and those nine wins rank second, to UCLA's 10, all-time in wins against the top team. The team plays in newly renovated Purcell Pavilion (within the Edmund P. Joyce Center), which reopened for the beginning of the 2009–2010 season. The team is coached by Mike Brey, who, as of the 2014–15 season, his fifteenth at Notre Dame, has achieved a 332-165 record. In 2009 they were invited to the NIT, where they advanced to the semifinals but were beaten by Penn State who went on and beat Baylor in the championship. The 2010–11 team concluded its regular season ranked number seven in the country, with a record of 25–5, Brey's fifth straight 20-win season, and a second-place finish in the Big East. During the 2014-15 season, the team went 32-6 and won the ACC conference tournament, later advancing to the Elite 8, where the Fighting Irish lost on a missed buzzer-beater against then undefeated Kentucky. Led by NBA draft picks Jerian Grant and Pat Connaughton, the Fighting Irish beat the eventual national champion Duke Blue Devils twice during the season. The 32 wins were the most by the Fighting Irish team since 1908-09.\nQuestion: How many NCAA tournaments did the Notre Dame men's basketball team take part in? Answer:", "completion": "28"}
{"id": "56fde15e761e401900d28c29", "answers": {"text": ["64"], "answer_start": [345]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1941, Zuse followed his earlier machine up with the Z3, the world's first working electromechanical programmable, fully automatic digital computer. The Z3 was built with 2000 relays, implementing a 22 bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5–10 Hz. Program code was supplied on punched film while data could be stored in 64 words of memory or supplied from the keyboard. It was quite similar to modern machines in some respects, pioneering numerous advances such as floating point numbers. Replacement of the hard-to-implement decimal system (used in Charles Babbage's earlier design) by the simpler binary system meant that Zuse's machines were easier to build and potentially more reliable, given the technologies available at that time. The Z3 was Turing complete.\nQuestion: How many words of memory could be stored with the Z3? Answer:", "completion": "64"}
{"id": "5726d1f5f1498d1400e8ec47", "answers": {"text": ["Pregnant"], "answer_start": [273]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The EFSA panel also determined intakes for different populations. Recommended intake volumes in the elderly are the same as for adults as despite lower energy consumption, the water requirement of this group is increased due to a reduction in renal concentrating capacity. Pregnant and breastfeeding women require additional fluids to stay hydrated. The EFSA panel proposes that pregnant women should consume the same volume of water as non-pregnant women, plus an increase in proportion to the higher energy requirement, equal to 300 mL/day. To compensate for additional fluid output, breastfeeding women require an additional 700 mL/day above the recommended intake values for non-lactating women.\nQuestion: Other then breastfeeding women, who what other category of woman should have increased water intake? Answer:", "completion": "Pregnant"}
{"id": "572a29f63f37b3190047875d", "answers": {"text": ["Jan III Sobieski"], "answer_start": [362]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Polish forces spearheaded by the Polish king Jan III Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna. The alliance of the Holy League pressed home the advantage of the defeat at Vienna, culminating in the Treaty of Karlowitz (26 January 1699), which ended the Great Turkish War. The Ottomans surrendered control of significant territories, many permanently. Mustafa II (1695–1703) led the counterattack of 1695–96 against the Habsburgs in Hungary, but was undone at the disastrous defeat at Zenta (in modern Serbia), 11 September 1697.\nQuestion: Which polish king led the fight against the Ottoman empire in the Battle of Vienna? Answer:", "completion": "Jan III Sobieski"}
{"id": "56d298dd59d6e41400146118", "answers": {"text": ["Zen"], "answer_start": [79]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Dwight Goddard collected a sample of Buddhist scriptures, with the emphasis on Zen, along with other classics of Eastern philosophy, such as the Tao Te Ching, into his 'Buddhist Bible' in the 1920s. More recently, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempted to create a single, combined document of Buddhist principles in \"The Buddha and His Dhamma\". Other such efforts have persisted to present day, but currently there is no single text that represents all Buddhist traditions.\nQuestion: Goddard collected mainly what type of Buddhist scripture? Answer:", "completion": "Zen"}
{"id": "5727d6c43acd2414000dedd4", "answers": {"text": ["18th century"], "answer_start": [491]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: For several decades, peace reigned in Tibet, but in 1792 the Qing Qianlong Emperor sent a large Chinese army into Tibet to push the invading Nepalese out. This prompted yet another Qing reorganization of the Tibetan government, this time through a written plan called the \"Twenty-Nine Regulations for Better Government in Tibet\". Qing military garrisons staffed with Qing troops were now also established near the Nepalese border. Tibet was dominated by the Manchus in various stages in the 18th century, and the years immediately following the 1792 regulations were the peak of the Qing imperial commissioners' authority; but there was no attempt to make Tibet a Chinese province.\nQuestion: When was Tibet dominated by the Manchus? Answer:", "completion": "18th century"}
{"id": "572f4e74947a6a140053c86e", "answers": {"text": ["the Defense Clandestine Service"], "answer_start": [600]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Directorate of Operations is responsible for collecting foreign intelligence, mainly from clandestine HUMINT sources, and covert action. The name reflects its role as the coordinator of human intelligence activities among other elements of the wider U.S. intelligence community with their own HUMINT operations. This Directorate was created in an attempt to end years of rivalry over influence, philosophy and budget between the United States Department of Defense (DOD) and the CIA. In spite of this, the Department of Defense recently organized its own global clandestine intelligence service, the Defense Clandestine Service (DCS), under the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA).\nQuestion: What intelligence service did the Department of Defense recently create? Answer:", "completion": "the Defense Clandestine Service"}
{"id": "573019f0b2c2fd1400568867", "answers": {"text": ["mild and also wet"], "answer_start": [1389]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The islands are at relatively low altitudes, with central Ireland and southern Great Britain particularly low lying: the lowest point in the islands is Holme, Cambridgeshire at −2.75 m (−9.02 ft). The Scottish Highlands in the northern part of Great Britain are mountainous, with Ben Nevis being the highest point on the islands at 1,343 m (4,406 ft). Other mountainous areas include Wales and parts of Ireland, however only seven peaks in these areas reach above 1,000 m (3,281 ft). Lakes on the islands are generally not large, although Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is an exception, covering 150 square miles (390 km2).[citation needed] The largest freshwater body in Great Britain (by area) is Loch Lomond at 27.5 square miles (71 km2), and Loch Ness, by volume whilst Loch Morar is the deepest freshwater body in the British Isles, with a maximum depth of 310 m (1,017 ft). There are a number of major rivers within the British Isles. The longest is the Shannon in Ireland at 224 mi (360 km).[citation needed] The river Severn at 220 mi (354 km)[citation needed] is the longest in Great Britain. The isles have a temperate marine climate. The North Atlantic Drift (\"Gulf Stream\") which flows from the Gulf of Mexico brings with it significant moisture and raises temperatures 11 °C (20 °F) above the global average for the islands' latitudes. Winters are cool and wet, with summers mild and also wet. Most Atlantic depressions pass to the north of the islands, combined with the general westerly circulation and interactions with the landmass, this imposes an east-west variation in climate.\nQuestion: What is the weather like in the summer time in the British Isles? Answer:", "completion": "mild and also wet"}
{"id": "56cfbef5234ae51400d9bf42", "answers": {"text": ["Over 200,000"], "answer_start": [67]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants. Over 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of the city's population. There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860.\nQuestion: How many immigrants that were Irish were living in New York in 1860? Answer:", "completion": "Over 200,000"}
{"id": "572961606aef051400154dbe", "answers": {"text": ["its association with nature"], "answer_start": [1220]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In surveys made in Europe and the United States, green is the color most commonly associated with nature, life, health, youth, spring, hope and envy. In Europe and the U.S. green is sometimes associated with death (green has several seemingly contrary associations), sickness, or the devil, but in China its associations are very positive, as the symbol of fertility and happiness. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, when the color of clothing showed the owner's social status, green was worn by merchants, bankers and the gentry, while red was the color of the nobility. The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci wears green, showing she is not from a noble family; the benches in the British House of Commons are green, while those in the House of Lords are red. Green is also the traditional color of safety and permission; a green light means go ahead, a green card permits permanent residence in the United States. It is the most important color in Islam. It was the color of the banner of Muhammad, and is found in the flags of nearly all Islamic countries, and represents the lush vegetation of Paradise. It is also often associated with the culture of Gaelic Ireland, and is a color of the flag of Ireland. Because of its association with nature, it is the color of the environmental movement. Political groups advocating environmental protection and social justice describe themselves as part of the Green movement, some naming themselves Green parties. This has led to similar campaigns in advertising, as companies have sold green, or environmentally friendly, products.\nQuestion: Why is green the color of the environmental movement? Answer:", "completion": "its association with nature"}
{"id": "56cbd2f96d243a140015ed73", "answers": {"text": ["Majorca"], "answer_start": [626]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was admired by many of his musical contemporaries, including Robert Schumann. In 1835 he obtained French citizenship. After a failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska, from 1837 to 1847 he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer George Sand. A brief and unhappy visit to Majorca with Sand in 1838–39 was one of his most productive periods of composition. In his last years, he was financially supported by his admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848. Through most of his life, Chopin suffered from poor health. He died in Paris in 1849, probably of tuberculosis.\nQuestion: In what area had Frédéric's most productive period of composition taken place? Answer:", "completion": "Majorca"}
{"id": "57294fd03f37b31900478227", "answers": {"text": ["Protestant"], "answer_start": [510]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.\nQuestion: What religion was a majority in Germany? Answer:", "completion": "Protestant"}
{"id": "572654c2708984140094c2b2", "answers": {"text": ["in the singular"], "answer_start": [718]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Free Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it \"systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion\". He claims that the term \"operates as a catch-all to lump together disparate laws [which] originated separately, evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues\" and that it creates a \"bias\" by confusing these monopolies with ownership of limited physical things, likening them to \"property rights\". Stallman advocates referring to copyrights, patents and trademarks in the singular and warns against abstracting disparate laws into a collective term.\nQuestion: How does Stallman advocate referring to copyrights, patents, and trademarks? Answer:", "completion": "in the singular"}
{"id": "56f8a3829b226e1400dd0d1c", "answers": {"text": ["the elderly"], "answer_start": [494]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Between 1996 and 2004, the population of the city increased by 4.9 per cent—the tenth biggest increase in England. In 2005 the Government Statistics stated that Southampton was the third most densely populated city in the country after London and Portsmouth respectively. Hampshire County Council expects the city's population to grow by around a further two per cent between 2006 and 2013, adding around another 4,200 to the total number of residents. The highest increases are expected among the elderly.\nQuestion: What age segment of the population of Southampton is projected to increase the most? Answer:", "completion": "the elderly"}
{"id": "5730a11b2461fd1900a9cf13", "answers": {"text": ["Presentational immediacy"], "answer_start": [369]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Whitehead describes causal efficacy as \"the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go.\" It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment, unmediated by the senses. Presentational immediacy, on the other hand, is what is usually referred to as \"pure sense perception\", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation. In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for \"the real thing\").\nQuestion: What is it called if you mistake a reflection in a mirror for the real thing? Answer:", "completion": "Presentational immediacy"}
{"id": "5735d85d012e2f140011a0b6", "answers": {"text": ["mammals and birds"], "answer_start": [498]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping any animal, or pursuing or tracking it with the intent of doing so. Hunting wildlife or feral animals is most commonly done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. In the 2010s, lawful hunting is distinguished from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are referred to as game or prey and are usually mammals and birds.\nQuestion: What species are usually hunted? Answer:", "completion": "mammals and birds"}
{"id": "572fea58947a6a140053cdeb", "answers": {"text": ["ruses"], "answer_start": [258]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In general, German bombers were likely to get through to their targets without too much difficulty. It was to be some months before an effective night fighter force would be ready, and anti-aircraft defences only became adequate after the Blitz was over, so ruses were created to lure German bombers away from their targets. Throughout 1940, dummy airfields were prepared, good enough to stand up to skilled observation. A number[clarification needed] of bombs fell on these diversionary (\"Starfish\") targets.\nQuestion: What did they use to lure German bombers away from their targets? Answer:", "completion": "ruses"}
{"id": "572fc855b2c2fd140056846d", "answers": {"text": ["the Greeks liberated a part of their historic homelands, Peloponnese, from the Ottoman Empire"], "answer_start": [329]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Before the establishment of the Modern Greek state, the link between ancient and modern Greeks was emphasized by the scholars of Greek Enlightenment especially by Rigas Feraios. In his \"Political Constitution\", he addresses to the nation as \"the people descendant of the Greeks\". The modern Greek state was created in 1829, when the Greeks liberated a part of their historic homelands, Peloponnese, from the Ottoman Empire. The large Greek diaspora and merchant class were instrumental in transmitting the ideas of western romantic nationalism and philhellenism, which together with the conception of Hellenism, formulated during the last centuries of the Byzantine Empire, formed the basis of the Diafotismos and the current conception of Hellenism.\nQuestion: What did Greeks do that caused the formation of the new state ? Answer:", "completion": "the Greeks liberated a part of their historic homelands, Peloponnese, from the Ottoman Empire"}
{"id": "56df368a96943c1400a5d2fb", "answers": {"text": ["1928"], "answer_start": [141]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Before World War II, Oklahoma City developed major stockyards, attracting jobs and revenue formerly in Chicago and Omaha, Nebraska. With the 1928 discovery of oil within the city limits (including under the State Capitol), Oklahoma City became a major center of oil production. Post-war growth accompanied the construction of the Interstate Highway System, which made Oklahoma City a major interchange as the convergence of I-35, I-40 and I-44. It was also aided by federal development of Tinker Air Force Base.\nQuestion: When was oil discovered in the city limits? Answer:", "completion": "1928"}
{"id": "5726e0415951b619008f80f5", "answers": {"text": ["Viktor Suvorov"], "answer_start": [60]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Some critics of Stalin's policy, such as the popular writer Viktor Suvorov, claim that Stalin's primary motive for signing the Soviet–German non-aggression treaty was his calculation that such a pact could result in a conflict between the capitalist countries of Western Europe.[citation needed] This idea is supported by Albert L. Weeks.[page needed] Claims by Suvorov that Stalin planned to invade Germany in 1941 are debated by historians with, for example, David Glantz opposing such claims, while Mikhail Meltyukhov supports them.[citation needed] The authors of The Black Book of Communism consider the pact a crime against peace and a \"conspiracy to conduct war of aggression.\"\nQuestion: Who was skeptical of Stalin’s policies? Answer:", "completion": "Viktor Suvorov"}
{"id": "57300539b2c2fd1400568746", "answers": {"text": ["thundershowers"], "answer_start": [269]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm through November. Winter is short and mild, and is characterized by occasional rain. Measurable snow (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) only occurs several times per decade at the most, with the last such event occurring December 26, 2010. However, 6.0 in (15 cm) fell at the airport on December 23, 1989, the largest single-day fall on record, contributing to a single-storm and seasonal record of 8.0 in (20 cm) snowfall.\nQuestion: Half of Charleston's annual rainfall occurs in what form? Answer:", "completion": "thundershowers"}
{"id": "572ecb56c246551400ce469c", "answers": {"text": ["forest"], "answer_start": [46]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The east coast Appalachian system, originally forest covered, is relatively low and narrow and is bordered on the southeast and south by an important coastal plain. The Cordilleran system on the western side of the continent is lofty, broad and complicated having two branches, the Rocky Mountain System and the Pacific Mountain System. In between these mountain systems lie the Intermontaine Plateaus. Both the Columbia River and Colorado River rise far inland near the easternmost members of the Cordilleran system, and flow through plateaus and intermontaine basins to the ocean. Heavy forests cover the northwest coast, but elsewhere trees are found only on the higher ranges below the Alpine region. The intermontane valleys, plateaus and basins range from treeless to desert with the most arid region being in the southwest.\nQuestion: What originally covered the east coast of the Appalachians? Answer:", "completion": "forest"}
{"id": "5727fbd42ca10214002d9aad", "answers": {"text": ["World Broadcasting System and Associated Music Publishers"], "answer_start": [415]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Vinyl pressings were made with stampers from master cuts that were electroplated in vacuo by means of gold sputtering. Audio response was claimed out to 8,000 Hz, later 13,000 Hz, using light weight pickups employing jeweled styli. Amplifiers and cutters both using negative feedback were employed thereby improving the range of frequencies cut and lowering distortion levels. Radio transcription producers such as World Broadcasting System and Associated Music Publishers (AMP) were the dominant licensees of the Western Electric wide range system and towards the end of the 1930s were responsible for two-thirds of the total radio transcription business. These recordings use a bass turnover of 300 Hz and a 10,000 Hz rolloff of −8.5 dB.\nQuestion: What were the top licensees of the Western Electric system in the 1930s? Answer:", "completion": "World Broadcasting System and Associated Music Publishers"}
{"id": "5728eae32ca10214002daa92", "answers": {"text": ["1948, Prime Minister U Nu embarked upon a policy of nationalisation and the state was declared the owner of all land."], "answer_start": [352]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: During World War II, the British destroyed the major government buildings, oil wells and mines for tungsten, tin, lead and silver to keep them from the Japanese. Myanmar was bombed extensively by both sides. After independence, the country was in ruins with its major infrastructure completely destroyed. After a parliamentary government was formed in 1948, Prime Minister U Nu embarked upon a policy of nationalisation and the state was declared the owner of all land. The government also tried to implement a poorly considered Eight-Year plan. By the 1950s, rice exports had fallen by two thirds and mineral exports by over 96% (as compared to the pre-World War II period). Plans were partly financed by printing money, which led to inflation.\nQuestion: When was Myanmar given sovereignty to rule it's own nation ? Answer:", "completion": "1948, Prime Minister U Nu embarked upon a policy of nationalisation and the state was declared the owner of all land."}
{"id": "5726e48b708984140094d503", "answers": {"text": ["as decoupling capacitors"], "answer_start": [512]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Since the beginning of the study of electricity non conductive materials like glass, porcelain, paper and mica have been used as insulators. These materials some decades later were also well-suited for further use as the dielectric for the first capacitors. Paper capacitors made by sandwiching a strip of impregnated paper between strips of metal, and rolling the result into a cylinder were commonly used in the late 19century; their manufacture started in 1876, and they were used from the early 20th century as decoupling capacitors in telecommunications (telephony).\nQuestion: What other use did paper capacitors serve in the telecommunications industry? Answer:", "completion": "as decoupling capacitors"}
{"id": "5728d0262ca10214002da889", "answers": {"text": ["the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum"], "answer_start": [512]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: London is one of the major classical and popular music capitals of the world and is home to major music corporations, such as EMI and Warner Music Group as well as countless bands, musicians and industry professionals. The city is also home to many orchestras and concert halls, such as the Barbican Arts Centre (principal base of the London Symphony Orchestra and the London Symphony Chorus), Cadogan Hall (Royal Philharmonic Orchestra) and the Royal Albert Hall (The Proms). London's two main opera houses are the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum. The UK's largest pipe organ is at the Royal Albert Hall. Other significant instruments are at the cathedrals and major churches. Several conservatoires are within the city: Royal Academy of Music, Royal College of Music, Guildhall School of Music and Drama and Trinity Laban.\nQuestion: What are the names of London's two primary opera houses? Answer:", "completion": "the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum"}
{"id": "5731e1c3b9d445190005e609", "answers": {"text": ["internal clock"], "answer_start": [534]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The ability of birds to return to precise locations across vast distances has been known for some time; in an experiment conducted in the 1950s a Manx shearwater released in Boston returned to its colony in Skomer, Wales, within 13 days, a distance of 5,150 km (3,200 mi). Birds navigate during migration using a variety of methods. For diurnal migrants, the sun is used to navigate by day, and a stellar compass is used at night. Birds that use the sun compensate for the changing position of the sun during the day by the use of an internal clock. Orientation with the stellar compass depends on the position of the constellations surrounding Polaris. These are backed up in some species by their ability to sense the Earth's geomagnetism through specialised photoreceptors.\nQuestion: What do birds to compensate for the changing position of the sun during the day? Answer:", "completion": "internal clock"}
{"id": "57267b4c5951b619008f742c", "answers": {"text": ["Indonesia"], "answer_start": [132]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Religions and peoples are diverse in Southeast Asia and not one country is homogeneous. In the world's most populous Muslim nation, Indonesia, Hinduism is dominant on islands such as Bali. Christianity also predominates in the rest of the part of the Philippines, New Guinea and Timor. Pockets of Hindu population can also be found around Southeast Asia in Singapore, Malaysia etc. Garuda (Sanskrit: Garuḍa), the phoenix who is the mount (vahanam) of Vishnu, is a national symbol in both Thailand and Indonesia; in the Philippines, gold images of Garuda have been found on Palawan; gold images of other Hindu gods and goddesses have also been found on Mindanao. Balinese Hinduism is somewhat different from Hinduism practised elsewhere, as Animism and local culture is incorporated into it. Christians can also be found throughout Southeast Asia; they are in the majority in East Timor and the Philippines, Asia's largest Christian nation. In addition, there are also older tribal religious practices in remote areas of Sarawak in East Malaysia,Highland Philippines and Papua in eastern Indonesia. In Burma, Sakka (Indra) is revered as a nat. In Vietnam, Mahayana Buddhism is practised, which is influenced by native animism but with strong emphasis on Ancestor Worship.\nQuestion: Name the most Muslim populous region in Asia? Answer:", "completion": "Indonesia"}
{"id": "56e10514e3433e1400422ad6", "answers": {"text": ["October 2004"], "answer_start": [307]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In September 2003, China intended to join the European Galileo positioning system project and was to invest €230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million) in Galileo over the next few years. At the time, it was believed that China's \"BeiDou\" navigation system would then only be used by its armed forces. In October 2004, China officially joined the Galileo project by signing the Agreement on the Cooperation in the Galileo Program between the \"Galileo Joint Undertaking\" (GJU) and the \"National Remote Sensing Centre of China\" (NRSCC). Based on the Sino-European Cooperation Agreement on Galileo program, China Galileo Industries (CGI), the prime contractor of the China’s involvement in Galileo programs, was founded in December 2004. By April 2006, eleven cooperation projects within the Galileo framework had been signed between China and EU. However, the Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post reported in January 2008 that China was unsatisfied with its role in the Galileo project and was to compete with Galileo in the Asian market.\nQuestion: When did China join the Galileo project? Answer:", "completion": "October 2004"}
{"id": "57270821708984140094d8d4", "answers": {"text": ["2005"], "answer_start": [287]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: An example of a state initiative to promote nutrition literacy is Smart Bodies, a public-private partnership between the state’s largest university system and largest health insurer, Louisiana State Agricultural Center and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation. Launched in 2005, this program promotes lifelong healthful eating patterns and physically active lifestyles for children and their families. It is an interactive educational program designed to help prevent childhood obesity through classroom activities that teach children healthful eating habits and physical exercise.\nQuestion: When was the Smart Bodies initiative first released? Answer:", "completion": "2005"}
{"id": "57278730f1498d1400e8fae9", "answers": {"text": ["the pitch must be of FIFA One Star quality, or Two Star for ties if they involve one of the 92 professional clubs."], "answer_start": [141]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The FA permitted artificial turf (3G) pitches in all rounds of the competition from the 2014–15 edition and beyond. Under the 2015-16 rules, the pitch must be of FIFA One Star quality, or Two Star for ties if they involve one of the 92 professional clubs. This followed approval two years previously for their use in the qualifying rounds only - if a team with a 3G pitch progressed to the competition proper, they had to switch their tie to the ground of another eligible entrant with a natural grass pitch. Having been strong proponents of the surface, the first match in the proper rounds to be played on a 3G surface was a televised first round replay at Maidstone United's Gallagher Stadium on 20 November 2015.\nQuestion: What is the required quality of the pitch? Answer:", "completion": "the pitch must be of FIFA One Star quality, or Two Star for ties if they involve one of the 92 professional clubs."}
{"id": "5727cfa44b864d1900163dbb", "answers": {"text": ["five miles"], "answer_start": [507]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Detroit International Riverfront includes a partially completed three-and-one-half mile riverfront promenade with a combination of parks, residential buildings, and commercial areas. It extends from Hart Plaza to the MacArthur Bridge accessing Belle Isle Park (the largest island park in a U.S. city). The riverfront includes Tri-Centennial State Park and Harbor, Michigan's first urban state park. The second phase is a two-mile (3 km) extension from Hart Plaza to the Ambassador Bridge for a total of five miles (8 km) of parkway from bridge to bridge. Civic planners envision that the pedestrian parks will stimulate residential redevelopment of riverfront properties condemned under eminent domain.\nQuestion: What is the total length of the Detroit International Riverfront? Answer:", "completion": "five miles"}
{"id": "572b7b86be1ee31400cb83dc", "answers": {"text": ["Zamak"], "answer_start": [239]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Alloys of primarily zinc with small amounts of copper, aluminium, and magnesium are useful in die casting as well as spin casting, especially in the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. These alloys are marketed under the name Zamak. An example of this is zinc aluminium. The low melting point together with the low viscosity of the alloy makes the production of small and intricate shapes possible. The low working temperature leads to rapid cooling of the cast products and therefore fast assembly is possible. Another alloy, marketed under the brand name Prestal, contains 78% zinc and 22% aluminium and is reported to be nearly as strong as steel but as malleable as plastic. This superplasticity of the alloy allows it to be molded using die casts made of ceramics and cement.\nQuestion: Alloys of zinc mixed with copper, aluminium and magnesium are marketed as what? Answer:", "completion": "Zamak"}
{"id": "5733835e4776f41900660c4d", "answers": {"text": ["$1.5 trillion"], "answer_start": [719]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: This credit freeze brought the global financial system to the brink of collapse. The response of the Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England and other central banks was immediate and dramatic. During the last quarter of 2008, these central banks purchased US$2.5 trillion of government debt and troubled private assets from banks. This was the largest liquidity injection into the credit market, and the largest monetary policy action, in world history. Following a model initiated by the United Kingdom bank rescue package, the governments of European nations and the USA guaranteed the debt issued by their banks and raised the capital of their national banking systems, ultimately purchasing $1.5 trillion newly issued preferred stock in their major banks. In October 2010, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy —creating currency— as a method to combat the liquidity trap. By creating $600 billion and inserting[clarification needed] this directly into banks, the Federal Reserve intended to spur banks to finance more domestic loans and refinance mortgages. However, banks instead were spending the money in more profitable areas by investing internationally in emerging markets. Banks were also investing in foreign currencies, which Stiglitz and others point out may lead to currency wars while China redirects its currency holdings away from the United States.\nQuestion: How much preferred stock did governments of European nations and the USA purchase in their major banks? Answer:", "completion": "$1.5 trillion"}
{"id": "5733f58f4776f419006615b6", "answers": {"text": ["one"], "answer_start": [511]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: There has been an increasing gulf between the Premier League and the Football League. Since its split with the Football League, many established clubs in the Premier League have managed to distance themselves from their counterparts in lower leagues. Owing in large part to the disparity in revenue from television rights between the leagues, many newly promoted teams have found it difficult to avoid relegation in their first season in the Premier League. In every season except 2001–02 and 2011–12, at least one Premier League newcomer has been relegated back to the Football League. In 1997–98 all three promoted clubs were relegated at the end of the season.\nQuestion: In every season but 2001-02 and 2011-12, at least how many Premier League teams have been relegated? Answer:", "completion": "one"}
{"id": "572691ff708984140094ca75", "answers": {"text": ["Around the second century BC"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Around the second century BC the first-known city-states emerged in central Myanmar. The city-states were founded as part of the southward migration by the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states, the earliest inhabitants of Myanmar of whom records are extant, from present-day Yunnan. The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India, importing Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts which would have an enduring influence on later Burmese culture and political organisation.\nQuestion: What period was the first known city states established in Myanmar? Answer:", "completion": "Around the second century BC"}
{"id": "5728d743ff5b5019007da7ec", "answers": {"text": ["Louis Miriani"], "answer_start": [131]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents. Mayor Dennis Archer, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.\nQuestion: Who was Detroit's last Republican mayor? Answer:", "completion": "Louis Miriani"}
{"id": "572f5ad0b2c2fd1400568074", "answers": {"text": ["1948"], "answer_start": [11]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On 18 June 1948, the National Security Council issued Directive 10/2 calling for covert action against the USSR, and granting the authority to carry out covert operations against \"hostile foreign states or groups\" that could, if needed, be denied by the U.S. government. To this end, the Office of Policy Coordination was created inside the new CIA. The OPC was quite unique; Frank Wisner, the head of the OPC, answered not to the CIA Director, but to the secretaries of defense, state, and the NSC, and the OPC's actions were a secret even from the head of the CIA. Most CIA stations had two station chiefs, one working for the OSO, and one working for the OPC.\nQuestion: In what year was directive 10/2 issued? Answer:", "completion": "1948"}
{"id": "5706b0940eeca41400aa0d2d", "answers": {"text": ["World Wealth Report"], "answer_start": [9]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The 2011 World Wealth Report ranks economic activity in New Delhi at 39, but overall the capital is ranked at 37, above cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg. New Delhi with Beijing shares the top position as the most targeted emerging markets retail destination among Asia-Pacific markets.\nQuestion: What organization ranked New Delhi 39th in economic activity in 2011? Answer:", "completion": "World Wealth Report"}
{"id": "573188e1497a881900248fe0", "answers": {"text": ["Latin Church"], "answer_start": [346]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: European higher education took place for hundreds of years in Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools (scholae monasticae), in which monks and nuns taught classes; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century. The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the Latin Church by papal bull as studia generalia and perhaps from cathedral schools. It is possible, however, that the development of cathedral schools into universities was quite rare, with the University of Paris being an exception. Later they were also founded by Kings (University of Naples Federico II, Charles University in Prague, Jagiellonian University in Kraków) or municipal administrations (University of Cologne, University of Erfurt). In the early medieval period, most new universities were founded from pre-existing schools, usually when these schools were deemed to have become primarily sites of higher education. Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries.\nQuestion: What church is said to be responsible for the formation of universities? Answer:", "completion": "Latin Church"}
{"id": "57343306d058e614000b6b01", "answers": {"text": ["south"], "answer_start": [351]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Between 1963 and 1965, there was a \"downtown boom\" that led to the construction of more than 700 buildings in the city. In 1968, Virginia Commonwealth University was created by the merger of the Medical College of Virginia with the Richmond Professional Institute. In 1970, Richmond's borders expanded by an additional 27 square miles (70 km2) on the south. After several years of court cases in which Chesterfield County fought annexation, more than 47,000 people who once were Chesterfield County residents found themselves within the city's perimeters on January 1, 1970. In 1996, still-sore tensions arose amid controversy involved in placing a statue of African American Richmond native and tennis star Arthur Ashe to the famed series of statues of Confederate heroes of the Civil War on Monument Avenue. After several months of controversy, the bronze statue of Ashe was finally completed on Monument Avenue facing the opposite direction from the Confederate Heroes on July 10, 1996.\nQuestion: In what direction did Richmond's borders expand in 1970? Answer:", "completion": "south"}
{"id": "57269042dd62a815002e89c8", "answers": {"text": ["Madison Square Garden"], "answer_start": [997]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Queen began their 1980s career with The Game. It featured the singles \"Crazy Little Thing Called Love\" and \"Another One Bites the Dust\", both of which reached number one in the US. After attending a Queen concert in Los Angeles, Michael Jackson suggested to Mercury backstage that \"Another One Bites the Dust\" be released as a single, and in October 1980 it spent three weeks at number one. The album topped the Billboard 200 for five weeks, and sold over four million copies in the US. It was also the first appearance of a synthesiser on a Queen album. Heretofore, their albums featured a distinctive \"No Synthesisers!\" sleeve note. The note is widely assumed to reflect an anti-synth, pro-\"hard\"-rock stance by the band, but was later revealed by producer Roy Thomas Baker to be an attempt to clarify that those albums' multi-layered solos were created with guitars, not synths, as record company executives kept assuming at the time. In September 1980, Queen performed three sold-out shows at Madison Square Garden. In 1980, Queen also released the soundtrack they had recorded for Flash Gordon. At the 1981 American Music Awards in January, \"Another One Bites the Dust\" won the award for Favorite Pop/Rock Single, and Queen were nominated for Favorite Pop/Rock Band, Duo, or Group.\nQuestion: Queen performed several sold out shows at what US venue? Answer:", "completion": "Madison Square Garden"}
{"id": "5727eae03acd2414000defdd", "answers": {"text": ["future development of the Evanston Campus"], "answer_start": [641]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Northwestern requires that all new buildings be LEED-certified. Silverman Hall on the Evanston campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2010; Wieboldt Hall on the Chicago campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2007, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center on the Evanston campus was awarded Silver LEED Certification in 2006. New construction and renovation projects will be designed to provide at least a 20% improvement over energy code requirements where technically feasible. The university also released at the beginning of the 2008–09 academic year the Evanston Campus Framework Plan, which outlines plans for future development of the Evanston Campus. The plan not only emphasizes the sustainable construction of buildings, but also discusses improving transportation by optimizing pedestrian and bicycle access. Northwestern has had a comprehensive recycling program in place since 1990. Annually more than 1,500 tons are recycled at Northwestern, which represents 30% of the waste produced on campus. Additionally, all landscape waste at the university is composted.\nQuestion: What does the Evanston Campus Framework Plan outline? Answer:", "completion": "future development of the Evanston Campus"}
{"id": "56ddf42566d3e219004dae60", "answers": {"text": ["the Behistun inscription"], "answer_start": [232]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Old Persian is the Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of Parsa, who also gave their name to their region and language. Genuine Old Persian is best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription, composed circa 520 BC, and which is the last inscription (and only inscription of significant length) in which Old Persian is still grammatically correct. Later inscriptions are comparatively brief, and typically simply copies of words and phrases from earlier ones, often with grammatical errors, which suggests that by the 4th century BC the transition from Old Persian to Middle Persian was already far advanced, but efforts were still being made to retain an \"old\" quality for official proclamations.\nQuestion: In which historical record does Old Persian appear in exemplary form? Answer:", "completion": "the Behistun inscription"}
{"id": "5727c2c23acd2414000debe8", "answers": {"text": ["Germany and Italy"], "answer_start": [199]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The expansion of the order produced changes. A smaller emphasis on doctrinal activity favoured the development here and there of the ascetic and contemplative life and there sprang up, especially in Germany and Italy, the mystical movement with which the names of Meister Eckhart, Heinrich Suso, Johannes Tauler, and St. Catherine of Siena are associated. (See German mysticism, which has also been called \"Dominican mysticism.\") This movement was the prelude to the reforms undertaken, at the end of the century, by Raymond of Capua, and continued in the following century. It assumed remarkable proportions in the congregations of Lombardy and the Netherlands, and in the reforms of Savonarola in Florence.\nQuestion: In what European countries did the Dominican Order experience changes to how they thought? Answer:", "completion": "Germany and Italy"}
{"id": "5728cafa2ca10214002da7fb", "answers": {"text": ["Charlie Chaplin"], "answer_start": [629]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: London has played a significant role in the film industry, and has major studios at Ealing and a special effects and post-production community centred in Soho. Working Title Films has its headquarters in London. London has been the setting for films including Oliver Twist (1948), Scrooge (1951), Peter Pan (1953), The 101 Dalmatians (1961), My Fair Lady (1964), Mary Poppins (1964), Blowup (1966), The Long Good Friday (1980), Notting Hill (1999), Love Actually (2003), V For Vendetta (2005), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber Of Fleet Street (2008) and The King's Speech (2010). Notable actors and filmmakers from London include; Charlie Chaplin, Alfred Hitchcock, Michael Caine, Helen Mirren, Gary Oldman, Christopher Nolan, Jude Law, Tom Hardy, Keira Knightley and Daniel Day-Lewis. As of 2008[update], the British Academy Film Awards have taken place at the Royal Opera House. London is a major centre for television production, with studios including BBC Television Centre, The Fountain Studios and The London Studios. Many television programmes have been set in London, including the popular television soap opera EastEnders, broadcast by the BBC since 1985.\nQuestion: What silent movie film star who made movies such as The Little Tramp hailed from London? Answer:", "completion": "Charlie Chaplin"}
{"id": "573610de6c16ec1900b92954", "answers": {"text": ["Hunters of protected species"], "answer_start": [476]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Hunting is primarily regulated by state law; additional regulations are imposed through United States environmental law in the case of migratory birds and endangered species. Regulations vary widely from state to state and govern the areas, time periods, techniques and methods by which specific game animals may be hunted. Some states make a distinction between protected species and unprotected species (often vermin or varmints for which there are no hunting regulations). Hunters of protected species require a hunting license in all states, for which completion of a hunting safety course is sometimes a prerequisite.\nQuestion: What hunters require a hunting license in all states? Answer:", "completion": "Hunters of protected species"}
{"id": "56ce1d0caab44d1400b88461", "answers": {"text": ["the 18th century"], "answer_start": [421]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Elliot Sperling, a specialist of Indian studies and the director of the Tibetan Studies program at Indiana University’s Department of Central Eurasia Studies, writes that \"the idea that Tibet became part of China in the 13th century is a very recent construction.\" He writes that Chinese writers of the early 20th century were of the view that Tibet was not annexed by China until the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion during the 18th century. He also states that Chinese writers of the early 20th century described Tibet as a feudal dependency of China, not an integral part of it. Sperling states that this is because \"Tibet was ruled as such, within the empires of the Mongols and the Manchus\" and also that \"China's intervening Ming dynasty ... had no control over Tibet.\" He writes that the Ming relationship with Tibet is problematic for China’s insistence of its unbroken sovereignty over Tibet since the 13th century. As for the Tibetan view that Tibet was never subject to the rule of the Yuan or Qing emperors of China, Sperling also discounts this by stating that Tibet was \"subject to rules, laws and decisions made by the Yuan and Qing rulers\" and that even Tibetans described themselves as subjects of these emperors.\nQuestion: When was the Manchu Qing dynasty invasion? Answer:", "completion": "the 18th century"}
{"id": "57279c7cff5b5019007d90f6", "answers": {"text": ["1990s"], "answer_start": [970]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In dominant-party systems, opposition parties are allowed, and there may be even a deeply established democratic tradition, but other parties are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power. Sometimes, political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion are the reason for others parties' failure. Sometimes, typically in countries with less of an established democratic tradition, it is possible the dominant party will remain in power by using patronage and sometimes by voting fraud. In the latter case, the definition between dominant and one-party system becomes rather blurred. Examples of dominant party systems include the People's Action Party in Singapore, the African National Congress in South Africa, the Cambodian People's Party in Cambodia, the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan, and the National Liberation Front in Algeria. One-party dominant system also existed in Mexico with the Institutional Revolutionary Party until the 1990s, in the southern United States with the Democratic Party from the late 19th century until the 1970s, in Indonesia with the Golkar from the early 1970s until 1998.\nQuestion: For how long did the dominant one-party system last in mexico? Answer:", "completion": "1990s"}
{"id": "56cdcc5562d2951400fa6845", "answers": {"text": ["Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture"], "answer_start": [74]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw. The epicenter was in Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, 80 km west/northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu, with its main tremor occurring at 14:28:01.42 China Standard Time (06:28:01.42 UTC), on May 12, 2008 lasting for around 2 minutes, in the quake almost 80% of buildings were destroyed.\nQuestion: Where was the epicenter? Answer:", "completion": "Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture"}
{"id": "5727ee363acd2414000df019", "answers": {"text": ["al-Nahda"], "answer_start": [488]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Nasser's involvement in political activity increased throughout his school years, such that he only attended 45 days of classes during his last year of secondary school. Despite it having the almost unanimous backing of Egypt's political forces, Nasser strongly objected to the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty because it stipulated the continued presence of British military bases in the country. Nonetheless, political unrest in Egypt declined significantly and Nasser resumed his studies at al-Nahda, where he received his leaving certificate later that year.\nQuestion: From where did Nasser graduate? Answer:", "completion": "al-Nahda"}
{"id": "570623ba75f01819005e79e6", "answers": {"text": ["ASPEC"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: ASPEC was the joint proposal of AT&T Bell Laboratories, Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET. It provided the highest coding efficiency.\nQuestion: What was the name given to the proposal? Answer:", "completion": "ASPEC"}
{"id": "5725b97c271a42140099d0b8", "answers": {"text": ["five"], "answer_start": [506]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Arsenal was the first club from the south of England to join The Football League, in 1893. They entered the First Division in 1904, and have since accumulated the second most points. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1988 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position.\nQuestion: Over a 17 year period which began in the late 80s, stretching five years into the new millenia, how many FA Cups did Arsenal win? Answer:", "completion": "five"}
{"id": "57269a5f708984140094cb64", "answers": {"text": ["City of Man"], "answer_start": [428]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached that one was not a member of his or her city, but was either a citizen of the City of God (Civitas Dei) or the City of Man (Civitas Terrena). Augustine's City of God is an influential work of this period that attacked the thesis, held by many Christian Romans, that the Christian view could be realized on Earth.\nQuestion: What does Civitas terrena mean? Answer:", "completion": "City of Man"}
{"id": "57302834a23a5019007fcea8", "answers": {"text": ["one of the world's poorest countries"], "answer_start": [154]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Central Bank of Liberia is responsible for printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar, which is the primary form of currency in Liberia. Liberia is one of the world's poorest countries, with a formal employment rate of 15%. GDP per capita peaked in 1980 at US$496, when it was comparable to Egypt's (at the time). In 2011, the country's nominal GDP was US$1.154 billion, while nominal GDP per capita stood at US$297, the third-lowest in the world. Historically, the Liberian economy has depended heavily on foreign aid, foreign direct investment and exports of natural resources such as iron ore, rubber and timber.\nQuestion: What is Liberia considered around the world economically? Answer:", "completion": "one of the world's poorest countries"}
{"id": "5727728ef1498d1400e8f860", "answers": {"text": ["Shaye J. D. Cohen"], "answer_start": [23]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: According to historian Shaye J. D. Cohen, the status of the offspring of mixed marriages was determined patrilineally in the Bible. He brings two likely explanations for the change in Mishnaic times: first, the Mishnah may have been applying the same logic to mixed marriages as it had applied to other mixtures (Kil'ayim). Thus, a mixed marriage is forbidden as is the union of a horse and a donkey, and in both unions the offspring are judged matrilineally. Second, the Tannaim may have been influenced by Roman law, which dictated that when a parent could not contract a legal marriage, offspring would follow the mother.\nQuestion: Who believed the status of the offspring of mixed marriages was determined patrilineally in the Bible? Answer:", "completion": "Shaye J. D. Cohen"}
{"id": "573383494776f41900660c44", "answers": {"text": ["seven"], "answer_start": [372]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.\nQuestion: How many students at Notre Dame received the Heisman Trophy? Answer:", "completion": "seven"}
{"id": "572621ec271a42140099d4b9", "answers": {"text": ["World War I"], "answer_start": [7]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: During World War I, the palace, then the home of King George V and Queen Mary, escaped unscathed. Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ. The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household. To the King's later regret, David Lloyd George persuaded him to go further by ostentatiously locking the wine cellars and refraining from alcohol, to set a good example to the supposedly inebriated working class. The workers continued to imbibe and the King was left unhappy at his enforced abstinence. In 1938, the north-west pavilion, designed by Nash as a conservatory, was converted into a swimming pool.\nQuestion: Buckingham Palace was untouched during which war? Answer:", "completion": "World War I"}
{"id": "5730f4ede6313a140071caf2", "answers": {"text": ["archaic grammar and vocabulary"], "answer_start": [210]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called \"высо́кий стиль\" — \"high style\") in favor of grammar and vocabulary found in the spoken language of the time. Even modern readers of younger age may only experience slight difficulties understanding some words in Pushkin's texts, since relatively few words used by Pushkin have become archaic or changed meaning. In fact, many expressions used by Russian writers of the early 19th century, in particular Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov (Михаи́л Ле́рмонтов), Nikolai Gogol (Никола́й Го́голь), Aleksander Griboyedov (Алекса́ндр Грибое́дов), became proverbs or sayings which can be frequently found even in modern Russian colloquial speech.\nQuestion: What was 'high style'? Answer:", "completion": "archaic grammar and vocabulary"}
{"id": "56d6477c1c85041400947065", "answers": {"text": ["The Giving of Love"], "answer_start": [75]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On the evening of May 18, CCTV-1 hosted a special four-hour program called The Giving of Love (simplified Chinese: 爱的奉献; traditional Chinese: 愛的奉獻), hosted by regulars from the CCTV New Year's Gala and round-the-clock coverage anchor Bai Yansong. It was attended by a wide range of entertainment, literary, business and political figures from mainland China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan. Donations of the evening totalled 1.5 billion Chinese Yuan (~US$208 million). Of the donations, CCTV gave the biggest corporate contribution at ¥50 million. Almost at the same time in Taiwan, a similarly themed programme was on air hosted by the sitting president Ma Ying-jeou. In June, Hong Kong actor Jackie Chan, who donated $1.57 million to the victims, made a music video alongside other artists entitled \"Promise\"; the song was composed by Andy Lau. The Artistes 512 Fund Raising Campaign, an 8-hour fundraising marathon, was held on June 1 in Hong Kong; it was attended by some 200 Sinosphere musicians and celebrities. In Singapore, MediaCorp Channel 8 hosted a 'live' programme 让爱川流不息 to raise funds for the victims.\nQuestion: What was the program that CCTV-1 hosted? Answer:", "completion": "The Giving of Love"}
{"id": "572688fd708984140094c92c", "answers": {"text": ["by broadcasting White Sox games for a decade"], "answer_start": [206]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Harry Caray's stamp on the team is perhaps even deeper than that of Brickhouse, although his 17-year tenure, from 1982 to 1997, was half as long. First, Caray had already become a well-known Chicago figure by broadcasting White Sox games for a decade, after having been a St Louis Cardinals icon for 25 years. Caray also had the benefit of being in the booth during the NL East title run in 1984, which was widely seen due to WGN's status as a cable-TV superstation. His trademark call of \"Holy Cow!\" and his enthusiastic singing of \"Take me out to the ballgame\" during the 7th inning stretch (as he had done with the White Sox) made Caray a fan favorite both locally and nationally.\nQuestion: How did Caray become a well-known Chicago figure? Answer:", "completion": "by broadcasting White Sox games for a decade"}
{"id": "57298edfaf94a219006aa502", "answers": {"text": ["Chemoreception"], "answer_start": [91]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Chemical communications in animals rely on a variety of aspects including taste and smell. Chemoreception is the physiological response of a sense organ (i.e. taste or smell) to a chemical stimulus where the chemicals act as signals to regulate the state or activity of a cell. A semiochemical is a message-carrying chemical that is meant to attract, repel, and convey information. Types of semiochemicals include pheromones and kairomones. One example is the butterfly Phengaris arion which uses chemical signals as a form of mimicry to aid in predation.\nQuestion: What is the physiological response of a sense organ called? Answer:", "completion": "Chemoreception"}
{"id": "5728ce584b864d1900164e7e", "answers": {"text": ["Rueil-Malmaison"], "answer_start": [360]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The new structure is administered by a Metropolitan Council of 210 members, not directly elected, but chosen by the councils of the member Communes. By 2020 its basic competencies will include urban planning, housing, and protection of the environment. The first president of the metropolitan council, Patrick Ollier, a Republican and the mayor of the town of Rueil-Malmaison, was elected on January 22, 2016. Though the Metropole has a population of nearly seven million persons and accounts for 25 percent of the GDP of France, it has a very small budget; just 65 million Euros, compared with eight billion Euros for the City of Paris.\nQuestion: What town was Patrick Ollier a mayor of? Answer:", "completion": "Rueil-Malmaison"}
{"id": "570fcc475ab6b81900391015", "answers": {"text": ["King George VI and Queen Elizabeth"], "answer_start": [68]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Elizabeth was born in London to the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, and was the elder of their two daughters. She was educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake public duties during World War II, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. In 1947, she married Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, with whom she has four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward.\nQuestion: What were Elizabeth's parents' titles after ascending to the throne? Answer:", "completion": "King George VI and Queen Elizabeth"}
{"id": "56e0d133231d4119001ac3dc", "answers": {"text": ["Uniform Resource Locator"], "answer_start": [43]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), for example http://en.wikipedia.org/, into the browser. The prefix of the URL, the Uniform Resource Identifier or URI, determines how the URL will be interpreted. The most commonly used kind of URI starts with http: and identifies a resource to be retrieved over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Many browsers also support a variety of other prefixes, such as https: for HTTPS, ftp: for the File Transfer Protocol, and file: for local files. Prefixes that the web browser cannot directly handle are often handed off to another application entirely. For example, mailto: URIs are usually passed to the user's default e-mail application, and news: URIs are passed to the user's default newsgroup reader.\nQuestion: What does URL stand for? Answer:", "completion": "Uniform Resource Locator"}
{"id": "573150b7497a881900248dc9", "answers": {"text": ["wetting their belly feathers"], "answer_start": [481]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Most birds scoop water in their beaks and raise their head to let water run down the throat. Some species, especially of arid zones, belonging to the pigeon, finch, mousebird, button-quail and bustard families are capable of sucking up water without the need to tilt back their heads. Some desert birds depend on water sources and sandgrouse are particularly well known for their daily congregations at waterholes. Nesting sandgrouse and many plovers carry water to their young by wetting their belly feathers. Some birds carry water for chicks at the nest in their crop or regurgitate it along with food. The pigeon family, flamingos and penguins have adaptations to produce a nutritive fluid called crop milk that they provide to their chicks.\nQuestion: How do nesting sandgrouse carry water to their young? Answer:", "completion": "wetting their belly feathers"}
{"id": "572693ac5951b619008f7733", "answers": {"text": ["195"], "answer_start": [211]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Mexico City is served by the Sistema de Transporte Colectivo, a 225.9 km (140 mi) metro system, which is the largest in Latin America. The first portions were opened in 1969 and it has expanded to 12 lines with 195 stations. The metro is one of the busiest in the world transporting approximately 4.5 million people every day, surpassed only by subway lines in Moscow (7.5 million), Tokyo (5.9 million), and New York City (5.1 million). It is heavily subsidized, and has some of the lowest fares in the world, each trip costing 5.00 pesos from 05:00 am to midnight. Several stations display pre-Columbian artifacts and architecture that were discovered during the metro's construction.[citation needed] However, the metro covers less than half of the total urban area. The Metro stations are also differentiated by the use of icons and glyphs which were proposed for people who could not read. The specific icons were developed based on historical (characters, sites, pre-Hispanic motifs), linguistic, symbolic (glyphs) or location references and has being emulated in further transportations alternatives in the City and in other Mexican cities. Mexico City is the only city in the world to use the icon reference and has become a popular culture trademark for the city.\nQuestion: How many stations are in the Mexico City metro system? Answer:", "completion": "195"}
{"id": "5726c9c0f1498d1400e8eb38", "answers": {"text": ["edaphic (soil) and climatic factors"], "answer_start": [25]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Plants depend on certain edaphic (soil) and climatic factors in their environment but can modify these factors too. For example, they can change their environment's albedo, increase runoff interception, stabilize mineral soils and develop their organic content, and affect local temperature. Plants compete with other organisms in their ecosystem for resources. They interact with their neighbours at a variety of spatial scales in groups, populations and communities that collectively constitute vegetation. Regions with characteristic vegetation types and dominant plants as well as similar abiotic and biotic factors, climate, and geography make up biomes like tundra or tropical rainforest.\nQuestion: On what do plants depend in their environment? Answer:", "completion": "edaphic (soil) and climatic factors"}
{"id": "5731458d05b4da19006bcf9a", "answers": {"text": ["fiber optic"], "answer_start": [228]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Assistive listening devices in many theaters and similar spaces use arrays of infrared LEDs to send sound to listeners' receivers. Light-emitting diodes (as well as semiconductor lasers) are used to send data over many types of fiber optic cable, from digital audio over TOSLINK cables to the very high bandwidth fiber links that form the Internet backbone. For some time, computers were commonly equipped with IrDA interfaces, which allowed them to send and receive data to nearby machines via infrared.\nQuestion: LEDs can send data over what type of cable? Answer:", "completion": "fiber optic"}
{"id": "570b50126b8089140040f86a", "answers": {"text": ["United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973"], "answer_start": [64]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: As a result of the Libyan Civil War, the United Nations enacted United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, which imposed a no-fly zone over Libya, and the protection of civilians from the forces of Muammar Gaddafi. The United States, along with Britain, France and several other nations, committed a coalition force against Gaddafi's forces. On 19 March, the first U.S. action was taken when 114 Tomahawk missiles launched by US and UK warships destroyed shoreline air defenses of the Gaddafi regime. The U.S. continued to play a major role in Operation Unified Protector, the NATO-directed mission that eventually incorporated all of the military coalition's actions in the theater. Throughout the conflict however, the U.S. maintained it was playing a supporting role only and was following the UN mandate to protect civilians, while the real conflict was between Gaddafi's loyalists and Libyan rebels fighting to depose him. During the conflict, American drones were also deployed.\nQuestion: What declaration established a no-fly zone over Libya? Answer:", "completion": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973"}
{"id": "56e3c1098c00841900fbaee5", "answers": {"text": ["bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism"], "answer_start": [36]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle.\nQuestion: What type of book was it? Answer:", "completion": "bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism"}
{"id": "572eda2cdfa6aa1500f8d454", "answers": {"text": ["a possessed man, a soothsayer or a magician"], "answer_start": [1037]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Sahih al-Bukhari narrates Muhammad describing the revelations as, \"Sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell\" and Aisha reported, \"I saw the Prophet being inspired Divinely on a very cold day and noticed the sweat dropping from his forehead (as the Inspiration was over).\" Muhammad's first revelation, according to the Quran, was accompanied with a vision. The agent of revelation is mentioned as the \"one mighty in power\", the one who \"grew clear to view when he was on the uppermost horizon. Then he drew nigh and came down till he was (distant) two bows' length or even nearer.\" The Islamic studies scholar Welch states in the Encyclopaedia of Islam that he believes the graphic descriptions of Muhammad's condition at these moments may be regarded as genuine, because he was severely disturbed after these revelations. According to Welch, these seizures would have been seen by those around him as convincing evidence for the superhuman origin of Muhammad's inspirations. However, Muhammad's critics accused him of being a possessed man, a soothsayer or a magician since his experiences were similar to those claimed by such figures well known in ancient Arabia. Welch additionally states that it remains uncertain whether these experiences occurred before or after Muhammad's initial claim of prophethood.\nQuestion: Which people would Mohammad's critics have compared him to at the time? Answer:", "completion": "a possessed man, a soothsayer or a magician"}
{"id": "57101252a58dae1900cd685a", "answers": {"text": ["pansexual or polysexual,"], "answer_start": [142]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: These categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology. For example, people may use other labels, such as pansexual or polysexual, or none at all. According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation \"also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions\". Androphilia and gynephilia are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual orientation as an alternative to a gender binary conceptualization. Androphilia describes sexual attraction to masculinity; gynephilia describes the sexual attraction to femininity. The term sexual preference largely overlaps with sexual orientation, but is generally distinguished in psychological research. A person who identifies as bisexual, for example, may sexually prefer one sex over the other. Sexual preference may also suggest a degree of voluntary choice, whereas the scientific consensus is that sexual orientation is not a choice.\nQuestion: Whar words may people use for sexual idenity? Answer:", "completion": "pansexual or polysexual,"}
{"id": "572790c7f1498d1400e8fc3d", "answers": {"text": ["party chair"], "answer_start": [262]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: A political party is typically led by a party leader (the most powerful member and spokesperson representing the party), a party secretary (who maintains the daily work and records of party meetings), party treasurer (who is responsible for membership dues) and party chair (who forms strategies for recruiting and retaining party members, and also chairs party meetings). Most of the above positions are also members of the party executive, the leading organization which sets policy for the entire party at the national level. The structure is far more decentralized in the United States because of the separation of powers, federalism and the multiplicity of economic interests and religious sects. Even state parties are decentralized as county and other local committees are largely independent of state central committees. The national party leader in the U.S. will be the president, if the party holds that office, or a prominent member of Congress in opposition (although a big-state governor may aspire to that role). Officially, each party has a chairman for its national committee who is a prominent spokesman, organizer and fund-raiser, but without the status of prominent elected office holders.\nQuestion: Who is responsible for recruiting and maintaining party members? Answer:", "completion": "party chair"}
{"id": "5726a5d15951b619008f78f4", "answers": {"text": ["Robert Nozick"], "answer_start": [413]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In Anglo-American academic political philosophy, the publication of John Rawls's A Theory of Justice in 1971 is considered a milestone. Rawls used a thought experiment, the original position, in which representative parties choose principles of justice for the basic structure of society from behind a veil of ignorance. Rawls also offered a criticism of utilitarian approaches to questions of political justice. Robert Nozick's 1974 book Anarchy, State, and Utopia, which won a National Book Award, responded to Rawls from a libertarian perspective and gained academic respectability for libertarian viewpoints.\nQuestion: Who wrote Anarchy, State, and Utopia? Answer:", "completion": "Robert Nozick"}
{"id": "56bf8fc1a10cfb1400551177", "answers": {"text": ["number four"], "answer_start": [123]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Beyoncé's first solo recording was a feature on Jay Z's \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\" that was released in October 2002, peaking at number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Her first solo album Dangerously in Love was released on June 24, 2003, after Michelle Williams and Kelly Rowland had released their solo efforts. The album sold 317,000 copies in its first week, debuted atop the Billboard 200, and has since sold 11 million copies worldwide. The album's lead single, \"Crazy in Love\", featuring Jay Z, became Beyoncé's first number-one single as a solo artist in the US. The single \"Baby Boy\" also reached number one, and singles, \"Me, Myself and I\" and \"Naughty Girl\", both reached the top-five. The album earned Beyoncé a then record-tying five awards at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards; Best Contemporary R&B Album, Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for \"Dangerously in Love 2\", Best R&B Song and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for \"Crazy in Love\", and Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for \"The Closer I Get to You\" with Luther Vandross.\nQuestion: The album, Dangerously in Love achieved what spot on the Billboard Top 100 chart? Answer:", "completion": "number four"}
{"id": "56cec9e1aab44d1400b88a62", "answers": {"text": ["satellite images of the quake-stricken areas"], "answer_start": [151]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On May 16, rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia and Taiwan arrived to join the rescue effort. The United States shared some of its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with Chinese authorities. During the weekend, the US sent into China two U.S. Air Force C-17's carrying supplies, which included tents and generators. Xinhua reported 135,000 Chinese troops and medics were involved in the rescue effort across 58 counties and cities.\nQuestion: What did the US share? Answer:", "completion": "satellite images of the quake-stricken areas"}
{"id": "570afaaa6b8089140040f66e", "answers": {"text": ["2013"], "answer_start": [235]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the increasingly globalized film industry, videoconferencing has become useful as a method by which creative talent in many different locations can collaborate closely on the complex details of film production. For example, for the 2013 award-winning animated film Frozen, Burbank-based Walt Disney Animation Studios hired the New York City-based husband-and-wife songwriting team of Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez to write the songs, which required two-hour-long transcontinental videoconferences nearly every weekday for about 14 months.\nQuestion: What year was the movie Frozen released? Answer:", "completion": "2013"}
{"id": "57302668947a6a140053d194", "answers": {"text": ["clock and notifications"], "answer_start": [233]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: New features and functionality in Windows 8 include a faster startup through UEFI integration and the new \"Hybrid Boot\" mode (which hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot), a new lock screen with a clock and notifications, and the ability for enterprise users to create live USB versions of Windows (known as Windows To Go). Windows 8 also adds native support for USB 3.0 devices, which allow for faster data transfers and improved power management with compatible devices, and hard disk 4KB Advanced Format support, as well as support for near field communication to facilitate sharing and communication between devices.\nQuestion: What features were added to the lock screen? Answer:", "completion": "clock and notifications"}
{"id": "5725ce2e271a42140099d20a", "answers": {"text": ["Alexander"], "answer_start": [367]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Odrysian Kingdom was a union of Thracian tribes under the kings of the powerful Odrysian tribe centered around the region of Thrace. Various parts of Thrace were under Macedonian rule under Philip II of Macedon, Alexander the Great, Lysimachus, Ptolemy II, and Philip V but were also often ruled by their own kings. The Thracians and Agrianes were widely used by Alexander as peltasts and light cavalry, forming about one fifth of his army. The Diadochi also used Thracian mercenaries in their armies and they were also used as colonists. The Odrysians used Greek as the language of administration and of the nobility. The nobility also adopted Greek fashions in dress, ornament and military equipment, spreading it to the other tribes. Thracian kings were among the first to be Hellenized.\nQuestion: Who used Thracians and Agrianes as light cavalry? Answer:", "completion": "Alexander"}
{"id": "56f8e1cd9b226e1400dd117a", "answers": {"text": ["Chinese"], "answer_start": [188]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony.\nQuestion: What ethnic group has a tiny population in Guinea-Bissau? Answer:", "completion": "Chinese"}
{"id": "5730f7c9e6313a140071cb0f", "answers": {"text": ["holes existing in the P-region"], "answer_start": [492]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: A P-N junction can convert absorbed light energy into a proportional electric current. The same process is reversed here (i.e. the P-N junction emits light when electrical energy is applied to it). This phenomenon is generally called electroluminescence, which can be defined as the emission of light from a semi-conductor under the influence of an electric field. The charge carriers recombine in a forward-biased P-N junction as the electrons cross from the N-region and recombine with the holes existing in the P-region. Free electrons are in the conduction band of energy levels, while holes are in the valence energy band. Thus the energy level of the holes will be lesser than the energy levels of the electrons. Some portion of the energy must be dissipated in order to recombine the electrons and the holes. This energy is emitted in the form of heat and light.\nQuestion: Whose energy levels are lower than the electrons in the electroluminescence process? Answer:", "completion": "holes existing in the P-region"}
{"id": "56e7997100c9c71400d7735e", "answers": {"text": ["750 mi"], "answer_start": [469]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Nanjing, with a total land area of 6,598 square kilometres (2,548 sq mi), is situated in the heartland of drainage area of lower reaches of Yangtze River, and in Yangtze River Delta, one of the largest economic zones of China. The Yangtze River flows past the west side and then north side of Nanjing City, while the Ningzheng Ridge surrounds the north, east and south side of the city. The city is 300 kilometres (190 mi) west-northwest of Shanghai, 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) south-southeast of Beijing, and 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) east-northeast of Chongqing. The downstream Yangtze River flows from Jiujiang, Jiangxi, through Anhui and Jiangsu to East Sea, north to drainage basin of downstream Yangtze is Huai River basin and south to it is Zhe River basin, and they are connected by the Grand Canal east to Nanjing. The area around Nanjing is called Hsiajiang (下江, Downstream River) region, with Jianghuai (江淮) stressing northern part and Jiangzhe (江浙) stressing southern part. The region is also known as Dongnan (東南, South East, the Southeast) and Jiangnan (江南, River South, south of Yangtze).\nQuestion: How far is Nanjing from Beijing? Answer:", "completion": "750 mi"}
{"id": "572f59f204bcaa1900d76893", "answers": {"text": ["1906"], "answer_start": [417]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Edwardian era in the United Kingdom is the period spanning the reign of King Edward VII up to the end of the First World War, including the years surrounding the sinking of the RMS Titanic. In the early years of the period, the Second Boer War in South Africa split the country into anti- and pro-war factions. The imperial policies of the Conservatives eventually proved unpopular and in the general election of 1906 the Liberals won a huge landslide. The Liberal government was unable to proceed with all of its radical programme without the support of the House of Lords, which was largely Conservative. Conflict between the two Houses of Parliament over the People's Budget led to a reduction in the power of the peers in 1910. The general election in January that year returned a hung parliament with the balance of power held by Labour and Irish Nationalist members.\nQuestion: In what year did the Liberals win huge in the general election? Answer:", "completion": "1906"}
{"id": "5707093790286e26004fc835", "answers": {"text": ["headings"], "answer_start": [199]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: As regards publication titles it is, however, a common typographic practice among both British and U.S. publishers to capitalise significant words (and in the United States, this is often applied to headings, too). This family of typographic conventions is usually called title case. For example, R. M. Ritter's Oxford Manual of Style (2002) suggests capitalising \"the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs, but generally not articles, conjunctions and short prepositions\". This is an old form of emphasis, similar to the more modern practice of using a larger or boldface font for titles. The rules for which words to capitalise are not based on any grammatically inherent correct/incorrect distinction and are not universally standardized; they are arbitrary and differ between style guides, although in most styles they tend to follow a few strong conventions, as follows:\nQuestion: What is capitalization of significant words applied to in the United States besides titles? Answer:", "completion": "headings"}
{"id": "5727c9482ca10214002d962b", "answers": {"text": ["Straßburg"], "answer_start": [104]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Strasbourg (/ˈstræzbɜːrɡ/, French pronunciation: ​[stʁaz.buʁ, stʁas.buʁ]; Alsatian: Strossburi; German: Straßburg, [ˈʃtʁaːsbʊɐ̯k]) is the capital and largest city of the Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine (ACAL) region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace were historically predominantly Alemannic-speaking, hence the city's Germanic name. In 2013, the city proper had 275,718 inhabitants, Eurométropole de Strasbourg (Greater Strasbourg) had 475,934 inhabitants and the Arrondissement of Strasbourg had 482,384 inhabitants. With a population of 768,868 in 2012, Strasbourg's metropolitan area (only the part of the metropolitan area on French territory) is the ninth largest in France and home to 13% of the ACAL region's inhabitants. The transnational Eurodistrict Strasbourg-Ortenau had a population of 915,000 inhabitants in 2014.\nQuestion: What is the largest city in the ACAL region of France? Answer:", "completion": "Straßburg"}
{"id": "5726738af1498d1400e8e009", "answers": {"text": ["2 to 3 years"], "answer_start": [544]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: According to the Framework Law (3549/2007), Public higher education \"Highest Educational Institutions\" (Ανώτατα Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα, Anótata Ekpaideytiká Idrýmata, \"ΑΕΙ\") consists of two parallel sectors:the University sector (Universities, Polytechnics, Fine Arts Schools, the Open University) and the Technological sector (Technological Education Institutions (TEI) and the School of Pedagogic and Technological Education). There are also State Non-University Tertiary Institutes offering vocationally oriented courses of shorter duration (2 to 3 years) which operate under the authority of other Ministries. Students are admitted to these Institutes according to their performance at national level examinations taking place after completion of the third grade of Lykeio. Additionally, students over twenty-two years old may be admitted to the Hellenic Open University through a form of lottery. The Capodistrian University of Athens is the oldest university in the eastern Mediterranean.\nQuestion: How long do the Tertiary institute courses last? Answer:", "completion": "2 to 3 years"}
{"id": "57277c575951b619008f8b14", "answers": {"text": ["90%"], "answer_start": [61]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: It is the most widely used vaccine worldwide, with more than 90% of all children being vaccinated. The immunity it induces decreases after about ten years. As tuberculosis is uncommon in most of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, BCG is administered only to those people at high risk. Part of the reasoning against the use of the vaccine is that it makes the tuberculin skin test falsely positive, reducing the test's use in screening. A number of new vaccines are currently in development.\nQuestion: What percentage of kids in the whole world get the BCG vaccine? Answer:", "completion": "90%"}
{"id": "572631d1ec44d21400f3dc00", "answers": {"text": ["Grand Orient of France"], "answer_start": [651]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: A dispute during the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils of 1875 prompted the Grand Orient de France to commission a report by a Protestant pastor which concluded that, as Freemasonry was not a religion, it should not require a religious belief. The new constitutions read, \"Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity\", the existence of God and the immortality of the soul being struck out. It is possible that the immediate objections of the United Grand Lodge of England were at least partly motivated by the political tension between France and Britain at the time. The result was the withdrawal of recognition of the Grand Orient of France by the United Grand Lodge of England, a situation that continues today.\nQuestion: What Grand Lodge had a withdrawal of recognition by the United Grand Lodge of England? Answer:", "completion": "Grand Orient of France"}
{"id": "5728062d3acd2414000df281", "answers": {"text": ["a group"], "answer_start": [16]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In mathematics, a group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set of elements equipped with an operation that combines any two elements to form a third element. The operation satisfies four conditions called the group axioms, namely closure, associativity, identity and invertibility. One of the most familiar examples of a group is the set of integers together with the addition operation, but the abstract formalization of the group axioms, detached as it is from the concrete nature of any particular group and its operation, applies much more widely. It allows entities with highly diverse mathematical origins in abstract algebra and beyond to be handled in a flexible way while retaining their essential structural aspects. The ubiquity of groups in numerous areas within and outside mathematics makes them a central organizing principle of contemporary mathematics.\nQuestion: What is an arithmetical structure comprising of a set of elements including an operation that joins any two elements to form a third element? Answer:", "completion": "a group"}
{"id": "5727d11d3acd2414000ded1c", "answers": {"text": ["one tornado per hour"], "answer_start": [850]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Because of Oklahoma's position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely over relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time. As an example, on November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) in the afternoon (the record high for that date), then an Arctic cold front of unprecedented intensity slammed across the state, causing the temperature to crash 66 degrees, down to 17 °F (−8 °C) at midnight (the record low for that date); thus, both the record high and record low for November 11 were set on the same date. This type of phenomenon is also responsible for many of the tornadoes in the area, such as the 1912 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, when a warm front traveled along a stalled cold front, resulting in an average of about one tornado per hour over the course of a day.\nQuestion: How fast did the 1912 tornado outbreak make tornadoes? Answer:", "completion": "one tornado per hour"}
{"id": "5726f607dd62a815002e964f", "answers": {"text": ["October 21, 2000"], "answer_start": [337]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Yale has numerous athletic facilities, including the Yale Bowl (the nation's first natural \"bowl\" stadium, and prototype for such stadiums as the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Rose Bowl), located at The Walter Camp Field athletic complex, and the Payne Whitney Gymnasium, the second-largest indoor athletic complex in the world. October 21, 2000, marked the dedication of Yale's fourth new boathouse in 157 years of collegiate rowing. The Richard Gilder Boathouse is named to honor former Olympic rower Virginia Gilder '79 and her father Richard Gilder '54, who gave $4 million towards the $7.5 million project. Yale also maintains the Gales Ferry site where the heavyweight men's team trains for the Yale-Harvard Boat Race.\nQuestion: On what day was the Richard Gilder Boathouse established? Answer:", "completion": "October 21, 2000"}
{"id": "572b7b6bbe1ee31400cb83d2", "answers": {"text": ["relativity"], "answer_start": [146]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Idealist notions took a strong hold among physicists of the early 20th century confronted with the paradoxes of quantum physics and the theory of relativity. In The Grammar of Science, Preface to the 2nd Edition, 1900, Karl Pearson wrote, \"There are many signs that a sound idealism is surely replacing, as a basis for natural philosophy, the crude materialism of the older physicists.\" This book influenced Einstein's regard for the importance of the observer in scientific measurements[citation needed]. In § 5 of that book, Pearson asserted that \"...science is in reality a classification and analysis of the contents of the mind....\" Also, \"...the field of science is much more consciousness than an external world.\"\nQuestion: Along with quantum physics generally, what scientific doctrine caused some physicists to embrace idealism? Answer:", "completion": "relativity"}
{"id": "56e6c362de9d371400068025", "answers": {"text": ["rock music continued to harden"], "answer_start": [231]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: After 1965, differences between the Hot 100 chart and the Easy Listening chart became more pronounced. Better reflecting what middle of the road stations were actually playing, the composition of the chart changed dramatically. As rock music continued to harden, there was much less crossover between the Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart than there had been in the early half of the 1960s. Roger Miller, Barbra Streisand and Bobby Vinton were among the chart's most popular performers.\nQuestion: Why did the crossover between Hot 100 and Easy Listening decrease? Answer:", "completion": "rock music continued to harden"}
{"id": "5726e48b708984140094d500", "answers": {"text": ["as the dielectric"], "answer_start": [214]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Since the beginning of the study of electricity non conductive materials like glass, porcelain, paper and mica have been used as insulators. These materials some decades later were also well-suited for further use as the dielectric for the first capacitors. Paper capacitors made by sandwiching a strip of impregnated paper between strips of metal, and rolling the result into a cylinder were commonly used in the late 19century; their manufacture started in 1876, and they were used from the early 20th century as decoupling capacitors in telecommunications (telephony).\nQuestion: For what use were non conductive materials used in the first capacitors? Answer:", "completion": "as the dielectric"}
{"id": "572781abf1498d1400e8fa28", "answers": {"text": ["Sei Shōnagon"], "answer_start": [223]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The lyrics of the modern Japanese national anthem, Kimi ga Yo, were written in the Heian period, as was The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu, one of the first novels ever written. Murasaki Shikibu's contemporary and rival Sei Shōnagon's revealing observations and musings as an attendant in the Empress' court were recorded collectively as The Pillow Book in the 990s, which revealed the quotidian capital lifestyle. The Heian period produced a flowering of poetry including works of Ariwara no Narihira, Ono no Komachi, Izumi Shikibu, Murasaki Shikibu, Saigyō and Fujiwara no Teika. The famous Japanese poem known as the Iroha (いろは), of uncertain authorship, was also written during the Heian period.\nQuestion: The Pillow Book was a collection of whose observations of the imperial court? Answer:", "completion": "Sei Shōnagon"}
{"id": "5726f173708984140094d696", "answers": {"text": ["The Demilitarized Zone"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Demilitarized Zone runs northeast of the 38th parallel; to the south, it travels west. The old Korean capital city of Kaesong, site of the armistice negotiations, originally was in pre-war South Korea, but now is part of North Korea. The United Nations Command, supported by the United States, the North Korean People's Army, and the Chinese People's Volunteers, signed the Armistice Agreement on 27 July 1953 to end the fighting. The Armistice also called upon the governments of South Korea, North Korea, China and the United States to participate in continued peace talks. The war is considered to have ended at this point, even though there was no peace treaty. North Korea nevertheless claims that it won the Korean War.\nQuestion: What area is directly north and south of the 38th parallel? Answer:", "completion": "The Demilitarized Zone"}
{"id": "5730bdb32461fd1900a9d034", "answers": {"text": ["33,400"], "answer_start": [145]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: As the Grand Duchy of Finland was part of the Russian Empire from 1809 to 1918, a number of Russian speakers have remained in Finland. There are 33,400 Russian-speaking Finns, amounting to 0.6% of the population. Five thousand (0.1%) of them are late 19th century and 20th century immigrants or their descendants, and the remaining majority are recent immigrants who moved there in the 1990s and later.[citation needed] Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population of Finland according to a 2014 estimate from the World Factbook.\nQuestion: How many Finns speak Russian? Answer:", "completion": "33,400"}
{"id": "57277778708984140094de58", "answers": {"text": ["is, to the devout, taboo."], "answer_start": [872]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile. The principles of textual criticism, although originally developed and refined for works of antiquity, the Bible, and Shakespeare, have been applied to many works, extending backwards from the present to the earliest known written documents, in Mesopotamia and Egypt—a period of about five millennia. However, the application of textual criticism to non-religious works does not antedate the invention of printing. While Christianity has been relatively receptive to textual criticism, application of it to the Jewish (Masoretic) Torah and the Qur'an is, to the devout, taboo.[citation needed]\nQuestion: Why is there opposition to textual criticism of Jewish and Muslim religious books? Answer:", "completion": "is, to the devout, taboo."}
{"id": "572fcaa9947a6a140053ccc3", "answers": {"text": ["stationary phase"], "answer_start": [904]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Bacterial growth follows four phases. When a population of bacteria first enter a high-nutrient environment that allows growth, the cells need to adapt to their new environment. The first phase of growth is the lag phase, a period of slow growth when the cells are adapting to the high-nutrient environment and preparing for fast growth. The lag phase has high biosynthesis rates, as proteins necessary for rapid growth are produced. The second phase of growth is the log phase, also known as the logarithmic or exponential phase. The log phase is marked by rapid exponential growth. The rate at which cells grow during this phase is known as the growth rate (k), and the time it takes the cells to double is known as the generation time (g). During log phase, nutrients are metabolised at maximum speed until one of the nutrients is depleted and starts limiting growth. The third phase of growth is the stationary phase and is caused by depleted nutrients. The cells reduce their metabolic activity and consume non-essential cellular proteins. The stationary phase is a transition from rapid growth to a stress response state and there is increased expression of genes involved in DNA repair, antioxidant metabolism and nutrient transport. The final phase is the death phase where the bacteria run out of nutrients and die.\nQuestion: What is called the third statge of growth of bacteria? Answer:", "completion": "stationary phase"}
{"id": "56d666041c850414009470f5", "answers": {"text": ["$772 million"], "answer_start": [420]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Following the earthquake, donations were made by people from all over mainland China, with booths set up in schools, at banks, and around gas stations. People also donated blood, resulting in according to Xinhua long line-ups in most major Chinese cities. Many donated through text messaging on mobile phones to accounts set up by China Unicom and China Mobile By May 16, the Chinese government had allocated a total of $772 million for earthquake relief so far, up sharply from $159 million from May 14.\nQuestion: How much had the Chinese government designated by May 16? Answer:", "completion": "$772 million"}
{"id": "572658ebf1498d1400e8dcb8", "answers": {"text": ["4 percent"], "answer_start": [509]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Dutch dialects and regional languages are not spoken as often as they used to be. Recent research by Geert Driessen shows that the use of dialects and regional languages among both Dutch adults and youth is in heavy decline. In 1995, 27 percent of the Dutch adult population spoke a dialect or regional language on a regular basis, while in 2011 this was no more than 11 percent. In 1995, 12 percent of the primary school aged children spoke a dialect or regional language, while in 2011 this had declined to 4 percent. Of the three officially recognized regional languages Limburgish is spoken most (in 2011 among adults 54%, among children 31%) and Dutch Low Saxon least (adults 15%, children 1%); Frisian occupies a middle position (adults 44%, children 22%).\nQuestion: How many primary school aged children were found to speak a dialect or regional language by 2011? Answer:", "completion": "4 percent"}
{"id": "570b69c1ec8fbc190045ba04", "answers": {"text": ["1983"], "answer_start": [605]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Often categorised with the New Wave of British Heavy Metal, in 1981 Def Leppard released their second album High 'n' Dry, mixing glam-rock with heavy metal, and helping to define the sound of hard rock for the decade. The follow-up Pyromania (1983), reached number two on the American charts and the singles \"Photograph\", \"Rock of Ages\" and \"Foolin'\", helped by the emergence of MTV, all reached the Top 40. It was widely emulated, particularly by the emerging Californian glam metal scene. This was followed by US acts like Mötley Crüe, with their albums Too Fast for Love (1981) and Shout at the Devil (1983) and, as the style grew, the arrival of bands such as Ratt, White Lion, Twisted Sister and Quiet Riot. Quiet Riot's album Metal Health (1983) was the first glam metal album, and arguably the first heavy metal album of any kind, to reach number one in the Billboard music charts and helped open the doors for mainstream success by subsequent bands.\nQuestion: When did Motley Crue's album Shout At The Devil come out? Answer:", "completion": "1983"}
{"id": "56de708bcffd8e1900b4b8d7", "answers": {"text": ["Barbara Baker"], "answer_start": [794]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On May 20, 1971, his brother, Meinhard, died in a car accident. Meinhard had been drinking and was killed instantly. Schwarzenegger did not attend his funeral. Meinhard was due to marry Erika Knapp, and the couple had a three-year-old son, Patrick. Schwarzenegger would pay for Patrick's education and help him to emigrate to the United States. Gustav died the following year from a stroke. In Pumping Iron, Schwarzenegger claimed that he did not attend his father's funeral because he was training for a bodybuilding contest. Later, he and the film's producer said this story was taken from another bodybuilder for the purpose of showing the extremes that some would go to for their sport and to make Schwarzenegger's image more cold and machine-like in order to fan controversy for the film. Barbara Baker, his first serious girlfriend, has said he informed her of his father's death without emotion and that he never spoke of his brother. Over time, he has given at least three versions of why he was absent from his father's funeral.\nQuestion: Who was the first woman Schwarzenegger was serious about? Answer:", "completion": "Barbara Baker"}
{"id": "5725f1a489a1e219009ac0d7", "answers": {"text": ["Dial Square"], "answer_start": [290]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: For much of Arsenal's history, their home colours have been bright red shirts with white sleeves and white shorts, though this has not always been the case. The choice of red is in recognition of a charitable donation from Nottingham Forest, soon after Arsenal's foundation in 1886. Two of Dial Square's founding members, Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates, were former Forest players who had moved to Woolwich for work. As they put together the first team in the area, no kit could be found, so Beardsley and Bates wrote home for help and received a set of kit and a ball. The shirt was redcurrant, a dark shade of red, and was worn with white shorts and socks with blue and white hoops.\nQuestion: What was the early name for the Arsenal FC? Answer:", "completion": "Dial Square"}
{"id": "572eb8ccc246551400ce4567", "answers": {"text": ["Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C."], "answer_start": [537]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States (mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida, especially the suburbs of Doral and Weston. Other main states with Venezuelan American populations are, according to the 1990 census, New York, California, Texas (adding their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland. Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C.\nQuestion: Where are the most populated city's Venezuelan live in? Answer:", "completion": "Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C."}
{"id": "572ff73b04bcaa1900d76f47", "answers": {"text": ["Mithridates the Great"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Mithridates the Great was the ruler of Pontus, a large kingdom in Asia Minor (modern Turkey), from 120 to 63 BC. Mithridates antagonised Rome by seeking to expand his kingdom, and Rome for her part seemed equally eager for war and the spoils and prestige that it might bring. In 88 BC, Mithridates ordered the killing of a majority of the 80,000 Romans living in his kingdom. The massacre was the official reason given for the commencement of hostilities in the First Mithridatic War. The Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla forced Mithridates out of Greece proper, but then had to return to Italy to answer the internal threat posed by his rival, Gaius Marius. A peace was made between Rome and Pontus, but this proved only a temporary lull.\nQuestion: Who was the leader of Pontus in the year 85 BC? Answer:", "completion": "Mithridates the Great"}
{"id": "572a49623f37b3190047886a", "answers": {"text": ["average three times a year"], "answer_start": [137]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year. It is most common in developing countries, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year. Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013 – down from 2.58 million in 1990. In 2012, it is the second most common cause of deaths in children younger than five (0.76 million or 11%). Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age. Other long term problems that can result include stunted growth and poor intellectual development.\nQuestion: How often do kids get diarrhea in developing countries? Answer:", "completion": "average three times a year"}
{"id": "570da8a816d0071400510c67", "answers": {"text": ["AA guns"], "answer_start": [78]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: As aircraft started to be used against ground targets on the battlefield, the AA guns could not be traversed quickly enough at close targets and, being relatively few, were not always in the right place (and were often unpopular with other troops), so changed positions frequently. Soon the forces were adding various machine-gun based weapons mounted on poles. These short-range weapons proved more deadly, and the \"Red Baron\" is believed to have been shot down by an anti-aircraft Vickers machine gun. When the war ended, it was clear that the increasing capabilities of aircraft would require better means of acquiring targets and aiming at them. Nevertheless, a pattern had been set: anti-aircraft weapons would be based around heavy weapons attacking high-altitude targets and lighter weapons for use when they came to lower altitudes.\nQuestion: What was many times unpopular with other troops? Answer:", "completion": "AA guns"}
{"id": "570e53ae0b85d914000d7e43", "answers": {"text": ["Uranium-238"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Uranium-238 is the most stable isotope of uranium, with a half-life of about 4.468×109 years, roughly the age of the Earth. Uranium-235 has a half-life of about 7.13×108 years, and uranium-234 has a half-life of about 2.48×105 years. For natural uranium, about 49% of its alpha rays are emitted by each of 238U atom, and also 49% by 234U (since the latter is formed from the former) and about 2.0% of them by the 235U. When the Earth was young, probably about one-fifth of its uranium was uranium-235, but the percentage of 234U was probably much lower than this.\nQuestion: What isotope of uranium has the most stability? Answer:", "completion": "Uranium-238"}
{"id": "57262779271a42140099d5ee", "answers": {"text": ["factor or master merchant and governor"], "answer_start": [658]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The company, which benefited from the imperial patronage, soon expanded its commercial trading operations, eclipsing the Portuguese Estado da Índia, which had established bases in Goa, Chittagong, and Bombay, which Portugal later ceded to England as part of the dowry of Catherine de Braganza. The East India Company also launched a joint attack with the Dutch United East India Company on Portuguese and Spanish ships off the coast of China, which helped secure their ports in China. The company established trading posts in Surat (1619), Madras (1639), Bombay (1668), and Calcutta (1690). By 1647, the company had 23 factories, each under the command of a factor or master merchant and governor if so chosen, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle.\nQuestion: who commanded the factories owned by the East India company? Answer:", "completion": "factor or master merchant and governor"}
{"id": "571aeca132177014007e9fee", "answers": {"text": ["$301 million"], "answer_start": [680]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Every major company selling the antipsychotics — Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson — has either settled recent government cases, under the False Claims Act, for hundreds of millions of dollars or is currently under investigation for possible health care fraud. Following charges of illegal marketing, two of the settlements set records last year for the largest criminal fines ever imposed on corporations. One involved Eli Lilly's antipsychotic Zyprexa, and the other involved Bextra. In the Bextra case, the government also charged Pfizer with illegally marketing another antipsychotic, Geodon; Pfizer settled that part of the claim for $301 million, without admitting any wrongdoing.\nQuestion: How much did Pfizer settle the illegal marketing suit for? Answer:", "completion": "$301 million"}
{"id": "572f9394a23a5019007fc792", "answers": {"text": ["temporary"], "answer_start": [472]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The small landowner-cultivators formed the majority of the Han tax base; this revenue was threatened during the latter half of Eastern Han when many peasants fell into debt and were forced to work as farming tenants for wealthy landlords. The Han government enacted reforms in order to keep small landowner-cultivators out of debt and on their own farms. These reforms included reducing taxes, temporary remissions of taxes, granting loans and providing landless peasants temporary lodging and work in agricultural colonies until they could recover from their debts.\nQuestion: What type of housing did the Han government provide to landless indebted peasants? Answer:", "completion": "temporary"}
{"id": "56e79d9037bdd419002c4241", "answers": {"text": ["\"Crimson and the Blue\", \"Red and Blue\""], "answer_start": [207]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as commencement and convocation, and athletic games are: \"I’m a Jayhawk\", \"Fighting Jayhawk\", \"Kansas Song\", \"Sunflower Song\", \"Crimson and the Blue\", \"Red and Blue\", the \"Rock Chalk, Jayhawk\" chant\", \"Home on the Range\" and \"Stand Up and Cheer.\"\nQuestion: What are two songs that reference the school's team colors in their titles? Answer:", "completion": "\"Crimson and the Blue\", \"Red and Blue\""}
{"id": "570d6de5fed7b91900d460ba", "answers": {"text": ["Italian republics"], "answer_start": [392]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Faced with this loss of business, Valencia suffered a severe economic crisis. This manifested early in 1519–1523 when the artisan guilds known as the Germanies revolted against the government of the Habsburg king Charles I in Valencia, now part of the Crown of Aragon, with most of the fighting done in 1521. The revolt was an anti-monarchist, anti-feudal autonomist movement inspired by the Italian republics, and a social revolt against the nobility who had fled the city before an epidemic of plague in 1519. It also bore a strong anti-Islamic aspect, as rebels rioted against Aragon's population of mudéjars and imposed forced conversions to Christianity.\nQuestion: From where did the anti-monarchists get inspiration? Answer:", "completion": "Italian republics"}
{"id": "57292a1e1d046914007790fd", "answers": {"text": ["cutting tools"], "answer_start": [154]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Naturally occurring glass, especially the volcanic glass obsidian, has been used by many Stone Age societies across the globe for the production of sharp cutting tools and, due to its limited source areas, was extensively traded. But in general, archaeological evidence suggests that the first true glass was made in coastal north Syria, Mesopotamia or ancient Egypt. The earliest known glass objects, of the mid third millennium BCE, were beads, perhaps initially created as accidental by-products of metal-working (slags) or during the production of faience, a pre-glass vitreous material made by a process similar to glazing.\nQuestion: What was obsidian used to make in prehistoric times? Answer:", "completion": "cutting tools"}
{"id": "57287a762ca10214002da3b5", "answers": {"text": ["six"], "answer_start": [177]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: London is a major international air transport hub with the busiest city airspace in the world. Eight airports use the word London in their name, but most traffic passes through six of these. London Heathrow Airport, in Hillingdon, West London, is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic, and is the major hub of the nation's flag carrier, British Airways. In March 2008 its fifth terminal was opened. There were plans for a third runway and a sixth terminal; however, these were cancelled by the Coalition Government on 12 May 2010.\nQuestion: The majority of air traffic utilizes how many of the airports in and around London? Answer:", "completion": "six"}
{"id": "572eaab5cb0c0d14000f1429", "answers": {"text": ["Descartes"], "answer_start": [201]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Almost two thousand years after Plato, René Descartes also proposed a geometrically based alternative theory of atomism, without the problematic nothing–everything dichotomy of void and atom. Although Descartes agreed with the contemporary position, that a vacuum does not occur in nature, the success of his namesake coordinate system and more implicitly, the spatial–corporeal component of his metaphysics would come to define the philosophically modern notion of empty space as a quantified extension of volume. By the ancient definition however, directional information and magnitude were conceptually distinct. With the acquiescence of Cartesian mechanical philosophy to the \"brute fact\" of action at a distance, and at length, its successful reification by force fields and ever more sophisticated geometric structure, the anachronism of empty space widened until \"a seething ferment\" of quantum activity in the 20th century filled the vacuum with a virtual pleroma.\nQuestion: Whose work with metaphysics would come to define the notion of empty space? Answer:", "completion": "Descartes"}
{"id": "56e0eb947aa994140058e7c3", "answers": {"text": ["the USSR"], "answer_start": [190]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1. They dubbed Gagarin the first cosmonaut, roughly translated from Russian and Greek as \"sailor of the universe\". Although he had the ability to take over manual control of his spacecraft in an emergency by opening an envelope he had in the cabin that contained a code that could be typed into the computer, it was flown in an automatic mode as a precaution; medical science at that time did not know what would happen to a human in the weightlessness of space. Vostok 1 orbited the Earth for 108 minutes and made its reentry over the Soviet Union, with Gagarin ejecting from the spacecraft at 7,000 meters (23,000 ft), and landing by parachute. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (International Federation of Aeronautics) credited Gagarin with the world's first human space flight, although their qualifying rules for aeronautical records at the time required pilots to take off and land with their craft. For this reason, the Soviet Union omitted from their FAI submission the fact that Gagarin did not land with his capsule. When the FAI filing for Gherman Titov's second Vostok flight in August 1961 disclosed the ejection landing technique, the FAI committee decided to investigate, and concluded that the technological accomplishment of human spaceflight lay in the safe launch, orbiting, and return, rather than the manner of landing, and so revised their rules accordingly, keeping Gagarin's and Titov's records intact.\nQuestion: Which country succesfully launched the first person into space in 1961? Answer:", "completion": "the USSR"}
{"id": "5725b711271a42140099d082", "answers": {"text": ["22 January 1724"], "answer_start": [126]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: A Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires, organized by the Spanish governor of that city, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala. On 22 January 1724, the Spanish forced the Portuguese to abandon the location and started populating the city, initially with six families moving in from Buenos Aires and soon thereafter by families arriving from the Canary Islands who were called by the locals \"guanches\", \"guanchos\" or \"canarios\". There was also one significant early Italian resident by the name of Jorge Burgues.\nQuestion: What date did the Spanish force the Portuguese to abandon the location? Answer:", "completion": "22 January 1724"}
{"id": "5727a7603acd2414000de8ec", "answers": {"text": ["3%"], "answer_start": [547]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Switzerland voted against membership in the European Economic Area in a referendum in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union (EU) and European countries through bilateral agreements. In March 2001, the Swiss people refused in a popular vote to start accession negotiations with the EU. In recent years, the Swiss have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with those of the EU in many ways, in an effort to enhance their international competitiveness. The economy grew at 3% in 2010, 1.9% in 2011, and 1% in 2012. Full EU membership is a long-term objective of some in the Swiss government, but there is considerable popular sentiment against this supported by the conservative SVP party. The western French-speaking areas and the urban regions of the rest of the country tend to be more pro-EU, however with far from any significant share of the population.\nQuestion: How much did the Swiss economy grow in 2010? Answer:", "completion": "3%"}
{"id": "56de5e5b4396321400ee285e", "answers": {"text": ["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"], "answer_start": [572]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Polytechnic Institutes are technological universities, many dating back to the mid-19th century. A handful of world-renowned Elite American universities include the phrases \"Institute of Technology\", \"Polytechnic Institute\", \"Polytechnic University\", or similar phrasing in their names; these are generally research-intensive universities with a focus on engineering, science and technology. The earliest and most famous of these institutions are, respectively, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI, 1824), New York University Tandon School of Engineering (1854) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, 1861). Conversely, schools dubbed \"technical colleges\" or \"technical institutes\" generally provide post-secondary training in technical and mechanical fields, focusing on training vocational skills primarily at a community college level—parallel and sometimes equivalent to the first two years at a bachelor's degree-granting institution.\nQuestion: Which of the three earliest technological universities was founded most recently, in 1861? Answer:", "completion": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology"}
{"id": "572837da4b864d1900164772", "answers": {"text": ["pantheism"], "answer_start": [219]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In theism, God is the creator and sustainer of the universe, while in deism, God is the creator, but not the sustainer, of the universe. Monotheism is the belief in the existence of one God or in the oneness of God. In pantheism, God is the universe itself. In atheism, God is not believed to exist, while God is deemed unknown or unknowable within the context of agnosticism. God has also been conceived as being incorporeal (immaterial), a personal being, the source of all moral obligation, and the \"greatest conceivable existent\". Many notable philosophers have developed arguments for and against the existence of God.\nQuestion: Which belief is that God is the universe? Answer:", "completion": "pantheism"}
{"id": "56de51f9cffd8e1900b4b802", "answers": {"text": ["Slovenia"], "answer_start": [259]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Several South Slavic languages are spoken by millions of people in Southern Europe. Serbian is spoken in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia; Bulgarian is spoken in Bulgaria; Croatian is spoken in Croatia and Bosnia; Bosnian is spoken in Bosnia; Slovene is spoken in Slovenia; and Macedonian is spoken in Macedonia.\nQuestion: Slovene is a major language in what country? Answer:", "completion": "Slovenia"}
{"id": "5706b1910eeca41400aa0d40", "answers": {"text": ["proto-techno music sound"], "answer_start": [387]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the U.S., the music was being developed to create a more sophisticated sound,[citation needed] moving beyond just drum loops and short samples. In Chicago, Marshall Jefferson had formed the house group Ten City Byron Burke, Byron Stingily & Herb Lawson(from \"intensity\"). New York–based performers such as Mateo & Matos and Blaze had slickly produced disco house tracks. In Detroit a proto-techno music sound began to emerge with the recordings of Juan Atkins, Derrick May and Kevin Saunderson.\nQuestion: what sound emerged in Detroit with the recordings of juan atkins and derrick may? Answer:", "completion": "proto-techno music sound"}
{"id": "57269102708984140094ca50", "answers": {"text": ["Once Upon a Time"], "answer_start": [108]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In April 2013, Marvel and other Disney conglomerate components began announcing joint projects. With ABC, a Once Upon a Time graphic novel was announced for publication in September. With Disney, Marvel announced in October 2013 that in January 2014 it would release its first title under their joint \"Disney Kingdoms\" imprint \"Seekers of the Weird\", a five-issue miniseries. On January 3, 2014, fellow Disney subsidiary Lucasfilm Limited, LLC announced that as of 2015, Star Wars comics would once again be published by Marvel.\nQuestion: What series on this network was given a Marvel graphic novel? Answer:", "completion": "Once Upon a Time"}
{"id": "570a82f14103511400d597d4", "answers": {"text": ["over 22,000"], "answer_start": [574]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In May 2013, the club launched a new crest to improve the reproducibility of the design in print and broadcast media, particularly on a small scale. Critics[who?] suggested that it was external pressure from sports manufacturers Nike, Inc. that evoked the redesign as the number of colours has been reduced and the radial effect have been removed, making the kit more cost efficient to reproduce.[citation needed] The redesign was poorly received by supporters, with a poll on an Everton fan site registering a 91% negative response to the crest. A protest petition reached over 22,000 signatures before the club offered an apology and announced a new crest would be created for the 2014–15 season with an emphasis on fan consultation. Shortly afterwards, the Head of Marketing left the club.\nQuestion: How many people signed a petition in protest of Everton FC's crest redesign in 2013? Answer:", "completion": "over 22,000"}
{"id": "56cd73b562d2951400fa65cd", "answers": {"text": ["to seek out the Karmapa"], "answer_start": [9]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In order to seek out the Karmapa, the Yongle Emperor dispatched his eunuch Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang (d. 1435) to Tibet. Traveling to Lhasa either through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan, Hou Xian and Zhi Guang did not return to Nanjing until 1407.\nQuestion: Why did the Yongle Emperor send Hou Xian and Zhi Guang to Tibet? Answer:", "completion": "to seek out the Karmapa"}
{"id": "56fad9608f12f31900630201", "answers": {"text": ["equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce"], "answer_start": [270]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1975, the most prominent government reforms regarding family law in a Muslim country were set in motion in the Somali Democratic Republic, which put women and men, including husbands and wives, on complete equal footing. The 1975 Somali Family Law gave men and women equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce and the exclusive right to control by each spouse over his or her personal property.\nQuestion: In addition to giving spouses equal rights over their personal property during marriage, what did the Somali Family Law give them? Answer:", "completion": "equal division of property between the husband and wife upon divorce"}
{"id": "57280cc73acd2414000df31d", "answers": {"text": ["cover art"], "answer_start": [876]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Following speculation that Sony was working on a 'slim' model, Sony officially announced the PS3 CECH-2000 model on August 18, 2009, at the Sony Gamescom press conference. New features included a slimmer form factor, decreased power consumption, and a quieter cooling system. It was released in major territories by September 2009. As part of the release for the slim model, the console logo ceased using the \"Spider-Man font\" (the same font used for the title of Sony's Spider-Man 3) and the capitalized PLAYSTATION 3. It instead reverted to a more traditional PlayStation- and PlayStation 2-like 'PlayStation 3' logo with \"PS3\" imprinted on the console. Along with the redesigning of the console and logo, the boot screen of all consoles changed from \"Sony Computer Entertainment\" to \"PS3 PlayStation 3\", with a new chime and the game start splash screen being dropped. The cover art and packaging of games was also changed.\nQuestion: What did Sony change about the PS3 games along with the packaging in 2009? Answer:", "completion": "cover art"}
{"id": "5705ffff75f01819005e7857", "answers": {"text": ["pro-Israel stance"], "answer_start": [345]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Robert Fisk, seven times British International Journalist of the Year, resigned as foreign correspondent in 1988 over what he saw as \"political censorship\" of his article on the shooting-down of Iran Air Flight 655 in July 1988. He wrote in detail about his reasons for resigning from the paper due to meddling with his stories, and the paper's pro-Israel stance.\nQuestion: What stance did The Times take that cause a famous foreign correspondent to resign in 1988? Answer:", "completion": "pro-Israel stance"}
{"id": "570e719b0b85d914000d7f06", "answers": {"text": ["9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F)"], "answer_start": [826]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Port Phillip is often warmer than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass, particularly in spring and autumn; this can set up a \"bay effect\" similar to the \"lake effect\" seen in colder climates where showers are intensified leeward of the bay. Relatively narrow streams of heavy showers can often affect the same places (usually the eastern suburbs) for an extended period, while the rest of Melbourne and surrounds stays dry. Overall, Melbourne is, owing to the rain shadow of the Otway Ranges, nonetheless drier than average for southern Victoria. Within the city and surrounds, however, rainfall varies widely, from around 425 millimetres (17 in) at Little River to 1,250 millimetres (49 in) on the eastern fringe at Gembrook. Melbourne receives 48.6 clear days annually. Dewpoint temperatures in the summer range from 9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F).\nQuestion: What is the range of Melbourne's dewpoint temperatures in the summer? Answer:", "completion": "9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F)"}
{"id": "5731bfaae17f3d1400422391", "answers": {"text": ["Christ"], "answer_start": [496]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Protestant movement began to diverge into several distinct branches in the mid-to-late 16th century. One of the central points of divergence was controversy over the Eucharist. Early Protestants rejected the Roman Catholic dogma of transubstantiation, which teaches that the bread and wine used in the sacrificial rite of the Mass lose their natural substance by being transformed into the body, blood, soul, and divinity of Christ. They disagreed with one another concerning the presence of Christ and his body and blood in Holy Communion.\nQuestion: Whose body and blood is considered present in Holy Communion? Answer:", "completion": "Christ"}
{"id": "572e9be5cb0c0d14000f1355", "answers": {"text": ["Bank of Cyprus"], "answer_start": [291]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis led to an agreement with the Eurogroup in March 2013 to split the country's second largest bank, the Cyprus Popular Bank (also known as Laiki Bank), into a \"bad\" bank which would be wound down over time and a \"good\" bank which would be absorbed by the Bank of Cyprus. In return for a €10 billion bailout from the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund, often referred to as the \"troika\", the Cypriot government was required to impose a significant haircut on uninsured deposits, a large proportion of which were held by wealthy Russians who used Cyprus as a tax haven. Insured deposits of €100,000 or less were not affected.\nQuestion: Who would eventually absorb the \"good\" bank of Cyprus Popular Bank? Answer:", "completion": "Bank of Cyprus"}
{"id": "57099732200fba14003681b6", "answers": {"text": ["swim to a new location"], "answer_start": [148]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: A zygote initially develops into a hollow sphere, called a blastula, which undergoes rearrangement and differentiation. In sponges, blastula larvae swim to a new location and develop into a new sponge. In most other groups, the blastula undergoes more complicated rearrangement. It first invaginates to form a gastrula with a digestive chamber, and two separate germ layers — an external ectoderm and an internal endoderm. In most cases, a mesoderm also develops between them. These germ layers then differentiate to form tissues and organs.\nQuestion: In sponges, how do blastula develop into a new sponge? Answer:", "completion": "swim to a new location"}
{"id": "56e7436700c9c71400d76eff", "answers": {"text": ["war"], "answer_start": [484]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Daylight saving has caused controversy since it began. Winston Churchill argued that it enlarges \"the opportunities for the pursuit of health and happiness among the millions of people who live in this country\" and pundits have dubbed it \"Daylight Slaving Time\". Historically, retailing, sports, and tourism interests have favored daylight saving, while agricultural and evening entertainment interests have opposed it, and its initial adoption had been prompted by energy crisis and war.\nQuestion: Along with energy crisis, what other significant historical event led to countries adopting DST? Answer:", "completion": "war"}
{"id": "5730969b396df919000961cf", "answers": {"text": ["Nobel laureates Giorgos Seferis and Odysseas Elytis are among the most important poets of the 20th century."], "answer_start": [688]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Notable modern Greek artists include Renaissance painter Dominikos Theotokopoulos (El Greco), Panagiotis Doxaras, Nikolaos Gyzis, Nikiphoros Lytras, Yannis Tsarouchis, Nikos Engonopoulos, Constantine Andreou, Jannis Kounellis, sculptors such as Leonidas Drosis, Georgios Bonanos, Yannoulis Chalepas and Joannis Avramidis, conductor Dimitri Mitropoulos, soprano Maria Callas, composers such as Mikis Theodorakis, Nikos Skalkottas, Iannis Xenakis, Manos Hatzidakis, Eleni Karaindrou, Yanni and Vangelis, one of the best-selling singers worldwide Nana Mouskouri and poets such as Kostis Palamas, Dionysios Solomos, Angelos Sikelianos and Yannis Ritsos. Alexandrian Constantine P. Cavafy and Nobel laureates Giorgos Seferis and Odysseas Elytis are among the most important poets of the 20th century. Novel is also represented by Alexandros Papadiamantis and Nikos Kazantzakis.\nQuestion: Name one of the poetic authors who was also nominated for the Nobel Peace Award from the Greeks ? Answer:", "completion": "Nobel laureates Giorgos Seferis and Odysseas Elytis are among the most important poets of the 20th century."}
{"id": "56dd117966d3e219004dabc2", "answers": {"text": ["civil war"], "answer_start": [195]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit.\nQuestion: What caused reform efforts to cease in 1997? Answer:", "completion": "civil war"}
{"id": "5727279cf1498d1400e8f429", "answers": {"text": ["the telegraph"], "answer_start": [384]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Crimean War also saw the first tactical use of railways and other modern inventions, such as the electric telegraph, with the first \"live\" war reporting to The Times by William Howard Russell. Some credit Russell with prompting the resignation of the sitting British government through his reporting of the lacklustre condition of British forces deployed in Crimea. Additionally, the telegraph reduced the independence of British overseas possessions from their commanders in London due to such rapid communications. Newspaper readership informed public opinion in the United Kingdom and France as never before. It was the first European war to be photographed.\nQuestion: What reduced the independence of British overseas possessions from their commanders in London? Answer:", "completion": "the telegraph"}
{"id": "56e6c3edde9d37140006802c", "answers": {"text": ["big band titles"], "answer_start": [355]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: One big impetus for the development of the AC radio format was that, when rock and roll music first became popular in the mid-1950s, many more conservative radio stations wanted to continue to play current hit songs while shying away from rock. These middle of the road (or \"MOR\") stations also frequently included older, pre-rock-era adult standards and big band titles to further appeal to adult listeners who had grown up with those songs.\nQuestion: Along with pre-rock standards, what type of older songs did MOR stations play? Answer:", "completion": "big band titles"}
{"id": "5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e74", "answers": {"text": ["Birds"], "answer_start": [574]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease transmission, but it has been found not to present a special risk; import of pet and domestic birds is a greater threat. Some viruses that are maintained in birds without lethal effects, such as the West Nile Virus may however be spread by migrating birds. Birds may also have a role in the dispersal of propagules of plants and plankton.\nQuestion: What has a role in the dispersal of propagules of plants and plankton? Answer:", "completion": "Birds"}
{"id": "5732c3e8cc179a14009dac48", "answers": {"text": ["Raphael Lemkin"], "answer_start": [297]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as \"a crime without a name\". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, described the policies of systematic murder founded by the Nazis as genocide. The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill). The word is defined as a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them.\nQuestion: What was the name of the Polish-Jewish lawyer who first described Nazi atrocities as \"genocide?\" Answer:", "completion": "Raphael Lemkin"}
{"id": "570fcd6d5ab6b81900391020", "answers": {"text": ["2013"], "answer_start": [1271]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The announcement came two years after Dell Inc. returned to private ownership, claiming that it faced bleak prospects and would need several years out of the public eye to rebuild its business. It's thought that the company's value has roughly doubled since then. EMC was being pressured by Elliott Management, a hedge fund holding 2.2% of EMC's stock, to reorganize their unusual \"Federation\" structure, in which EMC's divisions were effectively being run as independent companies. Elliott argued this structure deeply undervalued EMC's core \"EMC II\" data storage business, and that increasing competition between EMC II and VMware products was confusing the market and hindering both companies. The Wall Street Journal estimated that in 2014 Dell had revenue of $27.3 billion from personal computers and $8.9bn from servers, while EMC had $16.5bn from EMC II, $1bn from RSA Security, $6bn from VMware, and $230 million from Pivotal Software. EMC owns around 80 percent of the stock of VMware. The proposed acquisition will maintain VMware as a separate company, held via a new tracking stock, while the other parts of EMC will be rolled into Dell. Once the acquisition closes Dell will again publish quarterly financial results, having ceased these on going private in 2013.\nQuestion: What year did Dell go private? Answer:", "completion": "2013"}
{"id": "5731d97fe99e3014001e632f", "answers": {"text": ["liver"], "answer_start": [210]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Haruspicy was also used in public cult, under the supervision of the augur or presiding magistrate. The haruspices divined the will of the gods through examination of entrails after sacrifice, particularly the liver. They also interpreted omens, prodigies and portents, and formulated their expiation. Most Roman authors describe haruspicy as an ancient, ethnically Etruscan \"outsider\" religious profession, separate from Rome's internal and largely unpaid priestly hierarchy, essential but never quite respectable. During the mid-to-late Republic, the reformist Gaius Gracchus, the populist politician-general Gaius Marius and his antagonist Sulla, and the \"notorious Verres\" justified their very different policies by the divinely inspired utterances of private diviners. The senate and armies used the public haruspices: at some time during the late Republic, the Senate decreed that Roman boys of noble family be sent to Etruria for training in haruspicy and divination. Being of independent means, they would be better motivated to maintain a pure, religious practice for the public good. The motives of private haruspices – especially females – and their clients were officially suspect: none of this seems to have troubled Marius, who employed a Syrian prophetess.\nQuestion: Which of the entrails was especially important to augury? Answer:", "completion": "liver"}
{"id": "56fadfc58f12f31900630211", "answers": {"text": ["16,721"], "answer_start": [636]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: While the distribution of Somalis per country in Europe is hard to measure because the Somali community on the continent has grown so quickly in recent years, an official 2010 estimate reported 108,000 Somalis living in the United Kingdom. Somalis in Britain are largely concentrated in the cities of London, Sheffield, Bristol, Birmingham, Cardiff, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and Leicester, with London alone accounting for roughly 78% of Britain's Somali population. There are also significant Somali communities in Sweden: 57,906 (2014); the Netherlands: 37,432 (2014); Norway: 38,413 (2015); Denmark: 18,645 (2014); and Finland: 16,721 (2014).\nQuestion: How many Somalis lived in Finland as of 2014? Answer:", "completion": "16,721"}
{"id": "56be96653aeaaa14008c9116", "answers": {"text": ["Etta James"], "answer_start": [69]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Beyoncé further expanded her acting career, starring as blues singer Etta James in the 2008 musical biopic, Cadillac Records. Her performance in the film received praise from critics, and she garnered several nominations for her portrayal of James, including a Satellite Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, and a NAACP Image Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress. Beyoncé donated her entire salary from the film to Phoenix House, an organization of rehabilitation centers for heroin addicts around the country. On January 20, 2009, Beyoncé performed James' \"At Last\" at the First Couple's first inaugural ball. Beyoncé starred opposite Ali Larter and Idris Elba in the thriller, Obsessed. She played Sharon Charles, a mother and wife who learns of a woman's obsessive behavior over her husband. Although the film received negative reviews from critics, the movie did well at the US box office, grossing $68 million—$60 million more than Cadillac Records—on a budget of $20 million. The fight scene finale between Sharon and the character played by Ali Larter also won the 2010 MTV Movie Award for Best Fight.\nQuestion: Beyonce portrayed which character in the film, Cadillac Records? Answer:", "completion": "Etta James"}
{"id": "572759cb5951b619008f888d", "answers": {"text": ["rayon"], "answer_start": [61]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The era of manufactured fibers began with the development of rayon in France in the 1890s. Rayon is derived from a natural cellulose and cannot be considered synthetic, but requires extensive processing in a manufacturing process, and led the less expensive replacement of more naturally derived materials. A succession of new synthetic fibers were introduced by the chemicals industry in the following decades. Acetate in fiber form was developed in 1924. Nylon, the first fiber synthesized entirely from petrochemicals, was introduced as a sewing thread by DuPont in 1936, followed by DuPont's acrylic in 1944. Some garments were created from fabrics based on these fibers, such as women's hosiery from nylon, but it was not until the introduction of polyester into the fiber marketplace in the early 1950s that the market for cotton came under threat. The rapid uptake of polyester garments in the 1960s caused economic hardship in cotton-exporting economies, especially in Central American countries, such as Nicaragua, where cotton production had boomed tenfold between 1950 and 1965 with the advent of cheap chemical pesticides. Cotton production recovered in the 1970s, but crashed to pre-1960 levels in the early 1990s.\nQuestion: What was the first manufactured fiber? Answer:", "completion": "rayon"}
{"id": "5728d223ff5b5019007da753", "answers": {"text": ["Ford Field"], "answer_start": [421]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Detroit is one of 12 American metropolitan areas that are home to professional teams representing the four major sports in North America. All these teams but one play within the city of Detroit itself (the NBA's Detroit Pistons play in suburban Auburn Hills at The Palace of Auburn Hills). There are three active major sports venues within the city: Comerica Park (home of the Major League Baseball team Detroit Tigers), Ford Field (home of the NFL's Detroit Lions), and Joe Louis Arena (home of the NHL's Detroit Red Wings). A 1996 marketing campaign promoted the nickname \"Hockeytown\".\nQuestion: Where do the Lions play? Answer:", "completion": "Ford Field"}
{"id": "572827734b864d19001645ea", "answers": {"text": ["Egypt"], "answer_start": [43]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1961, Nasser sought to firmly establish Egypt as the leader of the Arab world and to promote a second revolution in Egypt with the purpose of merging Islamic and socialist thinking. To achieve this, he initiated several reforms to modernize al-Azhar, which serves as the de facto leading authority in Sunni Islam, and to ensure its prominence over the Muslim Brotherhood and the more conservative Wahhabism promoted by Saudi Arabia. Nasser had used al-Azhar's most willing ulema (scholars) as a counterweight to the Brotherhood's Islamic influence, starting in 1953.\nQuestion: What country did Nasser want to be the leader of the Arab world? Answer:", "completion": "Egypt"}
{"id": "57267ed25951b619008f74a9", "answers": {"text": ["The upgrading of federal highways"], "answer_start": [1482]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: During the 1930s, the first two motorways were built across the Land, the A4 motorway as an important east-west connection in central Germany and the main link between Berlin and south-west Germany, and the A9 motorway as the main north-south route in eastern Germany, connecting Berlin with Munich. The A4 runs from Frankfurt in Hesse via Eisenach, Gotha, Erfurt, Weimar, Jena and Gera to Dresden in Saxony, connecting Thuringia's most important cities. At Hermsdorf junction it is connected with the A9. Both highways were widened from four to six lanes (three each way) after 1990, including some extensive re-routing in the Eisenach and Jena areas. Furthermore, three new motorways were built during the 1990s and 2000s. The A71 crosses the Land in southwest-northeast direction, connecting Würzburg in Bavaria via Meiningen, Suhl, Ilmenau, Arnstadt, Erfurt and Sömmerda with Sangerhausen and Halle in Saxony-Anhalt. The crossing of the Thuringian Forest by the A71 has been one of Germany's most expensive motorway segments with various tunnels (including Germany's longest road tunnel, the Rennsteig Tunnel) and large bridges. The A73 starts at the A71 south of Erfurt in Suhl and runs south towards Nuremberg in Bavaria. The A38 is another west-east connection in the north of Thuringia running from Göttingen in Lower Saxony via Heiligenstadt and Nordhausen to Leipzig in Saxony. Furthermore, there is a dense network of federal highways complementing the motorway network. The upgrading of federal highways is prioritised in the federal trunk road programme 2015 (Bundesverkehrswegeplan 2015). Envisaged projects include upgrades of the B247 from Gotha to Leinefelde to improve Mühlhausen's connection to the national road network, the B19 from Eisenach to Meiningen to improve access to Bad Salzungen and Schmalkalden, and the B88 and B281 for strengthening the Saalfeld/Rudolstadt region.\nQuestion: What is the top priority of the federal trunk road programme 2015? Answer:", "completion": "The upgrading of federal highways"}
{"id": "572f7ac2b2c2fd1400568169", "answers": {"text": ["poor intelligence"], "answer_start": [16]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Luftwaffe's poor intelligence meant that their aircraft were not always able to locate their targets, and thus attacks on factories and airfields failed to achieve the desired results. British fighter aircraft production continued at a rate surpassing Germany's by 2 to 1. The British produced 10,000 aircraft in 1940, in comparison to Germany's 8,000. The replacement of pilots and aircrew was more difficult. Both the RAF and Luftwaffe struggled to replace manpower losses, though the Germans had larger reserves of trained aircrew. The circumstances affected the Germans more than the British. Operating over home territory, British flyers could fly again if they survived being shot down. German crews, even if they survived, faced capture. Moreover, bombers had four to five crewmen on board, representing a greater loss of manpower. On 7 September, the Germans shifted away from the destruction of the RAF's supporting structures. German intelligence suggested Fighter Command was weakening, and an attack on London would force it into a final battle of annihilation while compelling the British Government to surrender.\nQuestion: Why did the Luftwaffe fail to locate their targets? Answer:", "completion": "poor intelligence"}
{"id": "5728e14d2ca10214002daa19", "answers": {"text": ["flaws in the evidence"], "answer_start": [309]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Another objection is that it is not always possible to demonstrate falsehood definitively, especially if one is using statistical criteria to evaluate a null hypothesis. More generally it is not always clear, if evidence contradicts a hypothesis, that this is a sign of flaws in the hypothesis rather than of flaws in the evidence. However, this is a misunderstanding of what Popper's philosophy of science sets out to do. Rather than offering a set of instructions that merely need to be followed diligently to achieve science, Popper makes it clear in The Logic of Scientific Discovery that his belief is that the resolution of conflicts between hypotheses and observations can only be a matter of the collective judgment of scientists, in each individual case.\nQuestion: What other flaws complicate the problem of identifying faulty scientific hypotheses? Answer:", "completion": "flaws in the evidence"}
{"id": "572792d6dd62a815002ea0ca", "answers": {"text": ["lubricant"], "answer_start": [636]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The earliest disc records (1889–1894) were made of various materials including hard rubber. Around 1895, a shellac-based compound was introduced and became standard. Exact formulas for this compound varied by manufacturer and over the course of time, but it was typically composed of about one-third shellac and about two-thirds mineral filler, which meant finely pulverized rock, usually slate and limestone, with an admixture of cotton fibers to add tensile strength, carbon black for color (without this, it tended to be a \"dirty\" gray or brown color that most record companies considered unattractive), and a very small amount of a lubricant to facilitate mold release during manufacture. Some makers, notably Columbia Records, used a laminated construction with a core disc of coarser material or fiber. The production of shellac records continued until the end of the 78 rpm format (i.e., the late 1950s in most developed countries, but well into the 1960s in some other places), but increasingly less abrasive formulations were used during its declining years and very late examples in truly like-new condition can have as low noise levels as vinyl.\nQuestion: What material is used in order to release the vinyl records from their molds? Answer:", "completion": "lubricant"}
{"id": "5727cbba3acd2414000dec95", "answers": {"text": ["Eli Whitney"], "answer_start": [128]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Grove Street Cemetery, a National Historic Landmark which lies adjacent to Yale's campus, contains the graves of Roger Sherman, Eli Whitney, Noah Webster, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Charles Goodyear and Walter Camp, among other notable burials. The cemetery is known for its grand Egyptian Revival gateway. The Union League Club of New Haven building, located on Chapel Street, is notable for not only being a historic Beaux-Arts building, but also is built on the site where Roger Sherman's home once stood; George Washington is known to have stayed at the Sherman residence while President in 1789 (one of three times Washington visited New Haven throughout his lifetime).\nQuestion: Which notable New Haven resident inventor, credited with the cotton gin, is buried in Grove Street Cemetery? Answer:", "completion": "Eli Whitney"}
{"id": "56e6dd2bde9d37140006809f", "answers": {"text": ["incorporating more oldies"], "answer_start": [540]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The soft AC format may soon be facing the demographic pressures that the jazz and big band formats faced in the 1960s and 1970s and that the oldies format is starting to face today, with the result that one may hear soft AC less on over-the-air radio and more on satellite radio systems in coming years. Much of the music and artists that were traditionally played on soft AC stations have been relegated to the adult standards format, which is itself disappearing because of aging demographics. Some soft AC stations have found a niche by incorporating more oldies into their playlists and are more open to playing softer songs that fit the \"traditional\" definition of AC.\nQuestion: Certain soft AC stations have found a niche on the radio by doing what? Answer:", "completion": "incorporating more oldies"}
{"id": "57320e760fdd8d15006c6723", "answers": {"text": ["camouflaged eggs"], "answer_start": [166]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: All birds lay amniotic eggs with hard shells made mostly of calcium carbonate. Hole and burrow nesting species tend to lay white or pale eggs, while open nesters lay camouflaged eggs. There are many exceptions to this pattern, however; the ground-nesting nightjars have pale eggs, and camouflage is instead provided by their plumage. Species that are victims of brood parasites have varying egg colours to improve the chances of spotting a parasite's egg, which forces female parasites to match their eggs to those of their hosts.\nQuestion: What kind of eggs do open nesters lay? Answer:", "completion": "camouflaged eggs"}
{"id": "56df6fe956340a1900b29b4b", "answers": {"text": ["Plymouth City Airport"], "answer_start": [595]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The A38 dual-carriageway runs from east to west across the north of the city. Within the city it is designated as 'The Parkway' and represents the boundary between the urban parts of the city and the generally more recent suburban areas. Heading east, it connects Plymouth to the M5 motorway about 40 miles (65 km) away near Exeter; and heading west it connects Cornwall and Devon via the Tamar Bridge. Regular bus services are provided by Plymouth Citybus, First South West and Target Travel. There are three Park and ride services located at Milehouse, Coypool (Plympton) and George Junction (Plymouth City Airport), which are operated by First South West.\nQuestion: What park and ride service is located at George Junction? Answer:", "completion": "Plymouth City Airport"}
{"id": "56cedd1caab44d1400b88b42", "answers": {"text": ["200"], "answer_start": [405]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: At the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the English gained New Amsterdam (New York) in North America in exchange for Dutch control of Run, an Indonesian island. Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and some epidemics brought on by contact with the Europeans caused sizable population losses for the Lenape between the years 1660 and 1670. By 1700, the Lenape population had diminished to 200.\nQuestion: How many Lenape lived in the area in 1700? Answer:", "completion": "200"}
{"id": "56db2b7fe7c41114004b4e8f", "answers": {"text": ["1200"], "answer_start": [572]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The outreach director of HRTR, Susan Prager, is also the communication director of \"Friends of Falun Gong\", a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto's wife and Ambassador Mark Palmer of NED. A major setback to the event was caused by footballer Diego Maradona, scheduled to open the relay through Buenos Aires, pulling out in an attempt to avoid the Olympic controversy. Trying to avoid the scenes that marred the relay in the UK, France and the US, the city government designed a complex security operative to protect the torch relay, involving 1200 police officers and 3000 other people, including public employees and volunteers. Overall, the protests were peaceful in nature, although there were a few incidents such as the throwing of several water balloons in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame, and minor scuffles between Olympic protesters and supporters from Chinese immigrant communities.\nQuestion: How many police officers were part of the security operative? Answer:", "completion": "1200"}
{"id": "570a7b204103511400d59762", "answers": {"text": ["passive sensors"], "answer_start": [755]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of systems and devices that can recognize, interpret, and process human emotions. It is an interdisciplinary field spanning computer sciences, psychology, and cognitive science. While the origins of the field may be traced as far back as to early philosophical enquiries into emotion, the more modern branch of computer science originated with Rosalind Picard's 1995 paper on affective computing. Detecting emotional information begins with passive sensors which capture data about the user's physical state or behavior without interpreting the input. The data gathered is analogous to the cues humans use to perceive emotions in others. Another area within affective computing is the design of computational devices proposed to exhibit either innate emotional capabilities or that are capable of convincingly simulating emotions. Emotional speech processing recognizes the user's emotional state by analyzing speech patterns. The detection and processing of facial expression or body gestures is achieved through detectors and sensors.\nQuestion: In affective computing, what devices are used to collect data about the physical state of a user? Answer:", "completion": "passive sensors"}
{"id": "572ff90304bcaa1900d76f87", "answers": {"text": ["Albemarle Point"], "answer_start": [236]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census. With a 2010 census population of 120,083 (and a 2014 estimate of 130,113), current trends put Charleston as the fastest-growing municipality in South Carolina. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, was counted by the 2014 estimate at 727,689 – the third-largest in the state – and the 78th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.\nQuestion: Where was Charleston's first location? Answer:", "completion": "Albemarle Point"}
{"id": "5706117a75f01819005e7936", "answers": {"text": ["Times House, Pennington Street"], "answer_start": [411]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Times Literary Supplement (TLS) first appeared in 1902 as a supplement to The Times, becoming a separately paid-for weekly literature and society magazine in 1914. The Times and the TLS have continued to be co-owned, and as of 2012 the TLS is also published by News International and cooperates closely with The Times, with its online version hosted on The Times website, and its editorial offices based in Times House, Pennington Street, London.\nQuestion: The editorial offices of The Times Literary Supplement is based in what location in London? Answer:", "completion": "Times House, Pennington Street"}
{"id": "5726638e708984140094c48f", "answers": {"text": ["1990"], "answer_start": [75]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Environmental damage in Thuringia has been reduced to a large extent after 1990. The condition of forests, rivers and air was improved by modernizing factories, houses (decline of coal heating) and cars, and contaminated areas such as the former Uranium surface mines around Ronneburg have been remediated. Today's environmental problems are the salination of the Werra river, caused by discharges of K+S salt mines around Unterbreizbach and overfertilisation in agriculture, damaging the soil and small rivers.\nQuestion: Since when has environmental damage in Thuringia been reduced? Answer:", "completion": "1990"}
{"id": "57314a6f497a881900248d60", "answers": {"text": ["a Roman Catholic Bishop or priest"], "answer_start": [17]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Saint Valentine, a Roman Catholic Bishop or priest who was martyred in about 296 AD, seems to have had no known connection with romantic love, but the day of his martyrdom on the Roman Catholic calendar, Saint Valentine's Day (February 14), became, in the 14th century, an occasion for lovers to send messages to each other. In recent years the celebration of Saint Valentine' s day has spread beyond Christian countries to Japan and China and other parts of the world. The celebration of Saint Valentine's Day is forbidden or strongly condemned in many Islamic countries, including Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Iran. In Saudi Arabia, in 2002 and 2011, religious police banned the sale of all Valentine's Day items, telling shop workers to remove any red items, as the day is considered a Christian holiday.\nQuestion: Who was Saint Valentine? Answer:", "completion": "a Roman Catholic Bishop or priest"}
{"id": "56bfda91a10cfb1400551339", "answers": {"text": ["endorse Pepsi"], "answer_start": [191]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Beyoncé has worked with Pepsi since 2002, and in 2004 appeared in a Gladiator-themed commercial with Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias. In 2012, Beyoncé signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal because of the unhealthiness of the product and to donate the proceeds to a medical organisation. Nevertheless, NetBase found that Beyoncé's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013, with a 70 per cent positive audience response to the commercial and print ads.\nQuestion: What did she agree to do for 50 million dollars in 2012? Answer:", "completion": "endorse Pepsi"}
{"id": "56d6328b1c85041400946fea", "answers": {"text": ["cats"], "answer_start": [22]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the United States, cats and dogs are a factor in more than 86,000 falls each year. It has been estimated around 2% of dog-related injuries treated in UK hospitals are domestic accidents. The same study found that while dog involvement in road traffic accidents was difficult to quantify, dog-associated road accidents involving injury more commonly involved two-wheeled vehicles.\nQuestion: In addition to dogs, what other animal is responsible for over 86,000 falls every year? Answer:", "completion": "cats"}
{"id": "57290d37af94a219006a9fe3", "answers": {"text": ["landlocked cities"], "answer_start": [257]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Mohinga is the traditional breakfast dish and is Myanmar's national dish. Seafood is a common ingredient in coastal cities such as Sittwe, Kyaukpyu, Mawlamyaing (formerly Moulmein), Mergui (Myeik) and Dawei, while meat and poultry are more commonly used in landlocked cities like Mandalay. Freshwater fish and shrimp have been incorporated into inland cooking as a primary source of protein and are used in a variety of ways, fresh, salted whole or filleted, salted and dried, made into a salty paste, or fermented sour and pressed.\nQuestion: Where is the most chicken enjoyed in Burma ? Answer:", "completion": "landlocked cities"}
{"id": "572874fe3acd2414000dfa18", "answers": {"text": ["307"], "answer_start": [199]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the 2010 general election on 6 May that year, Labour with 29.0% of the vote won the second largest number of seats (258). The Conservatives with 36.5% of the vote won the largest number of seats (307), but no party had an overall majority, meaning that Labour could still remain in power if they managed to form a coalition with at least one smaller party. However, the Labour Party would have had to form a coalition with more than one other smaller party to gain an overall majority; anything less would result in a minority government. On 10 May 2010, after talks to form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats broke down, Brown announced his intention to stand down as Leader before the Labour Party Conference but a day later resigned as both Prime Minister and party leader.\nQuestion: How many seats did the Conservatives win? Answer:", "completion": "307"}
{"id": "571ddf15556973190063907c", "answers": {"text": ["gradual emancipation"], "answer_start": [237]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: After the American Revolutionary War, the number and proportion of free people of color increased markedly in the North and the South as slaves were freed. Most northern states abolished slavery, sometimes, like New York, in programs of gradual emancipation that took more than two decades to be completed. The last slaves in New York were not freed until 1827. In connection with the Second Great Awakening, Quaker and Methodist preachers in the South urged slaveholders to free their slaves. Revolutionary ideals led many men to free their slaves, some by deed and others by will, so that from 1782 to 1810, the percentage of free people of color rose from less than one percent to nearly 10 percent of blacks in the South.\nQuestion: What is it called when it takes several years for slaves to be freed in a program? Answer:", "completion": "gradual emancipation"}
{"id": "5725f1c838643c19005acee8", "answers": {"text": ["1903 season"], "answer_start": [155]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The team played its first games in 1876 as a founding member of the National League (NL), eventually becoming known officially as the Chicago Cubs for the 1903 season. Officially, the Cubs are tied for the distinction of being the oldest currently active U.S. professional sports club, along with the Atlanta Braves, which also began play in the NL in 1876 as the Boston Red Stockings (Major League Baseball does not officially recognize the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players as a major league.)\nQuestion: What year did the Chicago Cubs' name become official? Answer:", "completion": "1903 season"}
{"id": "5728c5644b864d1900164dbe", "answers": {"text": ["east and west"], "answer_start": [74]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The South Saharan steppe and woodlands ecoregion is a narrow band running east and west between the hyper-arid Sahara and the Sahel savannas to the south. Movements of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bring summer rains during July and August which average 100 to 200 mm (3.9 to 7.9 in) but vary greatly from year to year. These rains sustain summer pastures of grasses and herbs, with dry woodlands and shrublands along seasonal watercourses. This ecoregion covers 1,101,700 km2 (425,400 mi2) in Algeria, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Sudan.\nQuestion: Which directions does the South Saharan run? Answer:", "completion": "east and west"}
{"id": "57300ba704bcaa1900d77077", "answers": {"text": ["A small number"], "answer_start": [136]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The plebeians had finally achieved political equality with the patricians. However, the plight of the average plebeian had not changed. A small number of plebeian families achieved the same standing that the old aristocratic patrician families had always had, but the new plebeian aristocrats became as uninterested in the plight of the average plebeian as the old patrician aristocrats had always been. The plebeians rebelled by leaving Rome and refusing to return until they had more rights. The patricians then noticed how much they needed the plebeians and accepted their terms. The plebeians then returned to Rome and continued their work.\nQuestion: How many plebeian families had an identical standing as the old aristocratic patrician families? Answer:", "completion": "A small number"}
{"id": "57295470af94a219006aa2bf", "answers": {"text": ["uric acid"], "answer_start": [105]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the hindgut (element 16 in numbered diagram), or proctodaeum, undigested food particles are joined by uric acid to form fecal pellets. The rectum absorbs 90% of the water in these fecal pellets, and the dry pellet is then eliminated through the anus (element 17), completing the process of digestion. The uric acid is formed using hemolymph waste products diffused from the Malpighian tubules (element 20). It is then emptied directly into the alimentary canal, at the junction between the midgut and hindgut. The number of Malpighian tubules possessed by a given insect varies between species, ranging from only two tubules in some insects to over 100 tubules in others.:71–72, 78–80\nQuestion: What kind of acid forms fecal pellets? Answer:", "completion": "uric acid"}
{"id": "570b609e6b8089140040f8ed", "answers": {"text": ["\"The Boys Are Back in Town\""], "answer_start": [430]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: From outside the United Kingdom and the United States, the Canadian trio Rush released three distinctively hard rock albums in 1974–75 (Rush, Fly by Night and Caress of Steel) before moving toward a more progressive sound with the 1976 album 2112. The Irish band Thin Lizzy, which had formed in the late 1960s, made their most substantial commercial breakthrough in 1976 with the hard rock album Jailbreak and their worldwide hit \"The Boys Are Back in Town\", which reached number 8 in the UK and number 12 in the US. Their style, consisting of two duelling guitarists often playing leads in harmony, proved itself to be a large influence on later bands. They reached their commercial, and arguably their artistic peak with Black Rose: A Rock Legend (1979). The arrival of Scorpions from Germany marked the geographical expansion of the subgenre. Australian-formed AC/DC, with a stripped back, riff heavy and abrasive style that also appealed to the punk generation, began to gain international attention from 1976, culminating in the release of their multi-platinum albums Let There Be Rock (1977) and Highway to Hell (1979). Also influenced by a punk ethos were heavy metal bands like Motörhead, while Judas Priest abandoned the remaining elements of the blues in their music, further differentiating the hard rock and heavy metal styles and helping to create the New Wave of British Heavy Metal which was pursued by bands like Iron Maiden, Saxon and Venom.\nQuestion: What was Thin Lizzy's hit single? Answer:", "completion": "\"The Boys Are Back in Town\""}
{"id": "572fc27ea23a5019007fc9a9", "answers": {"text": ["Greater East Asia War"], "answer_start": [20]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Japan used the name Greater East Asia War (大東亜戦争, Dai Tō-A Sensō?), as chosen by a cabinet decision on 10 December 1941, to refer to both the war with the Western Allies and the ongoing war in China. This name was released to the public on 12 December, with an explanation that it involved Asian nations achieving their independence from the Western powers through armed forces of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese officials integrated what they called the Japan–China Incident (日支事変, Nisshi Jihen?) into the Greater East Asia War.\nQuestion: By what name was the war with Japan referred? Answer:", "completion": "Greater East Asia War"}
{"id": "56e8711499e8941900975e1b", "answers": {"text": ["uneven ground."], "answer_start": [22]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Bern is built on very uneven ground. There is an elevation difference of several metres between the inner city districts on the Aare (Matte, Marzili) and the higher ones (Kirchenfeld, Länggasse).\nQuestion: What type of ground was Bern built on? Answer:", "completion": "uneven ground."}
{"id": "5726b2c95951b619008f7af2", "answers": {"text": ["Saharan trade routes lost significance."], "answer_start": [467]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the late 14th century, the Songhai gradually gained independence from the Mali Empire and expanded, ultimately subsuming the entire eastern portion of the Mali Empire. The Songhai Empire's eventual collapse was largely the result of a Moroccan invasion in 1591, under the command of Judar Pasha. The fall of the Songhai Empire marked the end of the region's role as a trading crossroads. Following the establishment of sea routes by the European powers, the trans-Saharan trade routes lost significance.\nQuestion: What major impact did the falling of the Songhai Empire have? Answer:", "completion": "Saharan trade routes lost significance."}
{"id": "5726bdbd5951b619008f7cbd", "answers": {"text": ["Queen Rocks"], "answer_start": [193]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1997, Queen returned to the studio to record \"No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young)\", a song dedicated to Mercury and all those that die too soon. It was released as a bonus track on the Queen Rocks compilation album later that year. In January 1997, Queen performed \"The Show Must Go On\" live with Elton John and the Béjart Ballet in Paris on a night Mercury was remembered, and it marked the last performance and public appearance of John Deacon, who chose to retire. The Paris concert was only the second time Queen had played live since Mercury's death, prompting Elton John to urge them to perform again.\nQuestion: Which compilation did Queen release in 1997? Answer:", "completion": "Queen Rocks"}
{"id": "5731ba670fdd8d15006c64af", "answers": {"text": ["1698"], "answer_start": [582]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to choose their own church. The terms for the surrender of New Amsterdam had provided that the Dutch would have liberty of conscience, and the Duke, as an openly divine-right Catholic, was no friend of Anglicanism. The first Anglican minister in New Jersey arrived in 1698, though Anglicanism was more popular in New York.\nQuestion: When did the first Anglican minister arrive in New Jersey? Answer:", "completion": "1698"}
{"id": "56d63b901c85041400947039", "answers": {"text": ["the gates of Naraka."], "answer_start": [111]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In Hindu mythology, Yama, the god of death owns two watch dogs who have four eyes. They are said to watch over the gates of Naraka. Hunter god Muthappan from North Malabar region of Kerala has a hunting dog as his mount. Dogs are found in and out of the Muthappan Temple and offerings at the shrine take the form of bronze dog figurines.\nQuestion: In Hindu mythology, what do the two dogs who are owned by the god of death watch over? Answer:", "completion": "the gates of Naraka."}
{"id": "5726dfa9708984140094d44c", "answers": {"text": ["Stalin"], "answer_start": [219]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Regarding the timing of German rapprochement, many historians agree that the dismissal of Maxim Litvinov, whose Jewish ethnicity was viewed unfavorably by Nazi Germany, removed an obstacle to negotiations with Germany. Stalin immediately directed Molotov to \"purge the ministry of Jews.\" Given Litvinov's prior attempts to create an anti-fascist coalition, association with the doctrine of collective security with France and Britain, and pro-Western orientation by the standards of the Kremlin, his dismissal indicated the existence of a Soviet option of rapprochement with Germany.[f] Likewise, Molotov's appointment served as a signal to Germany that the USSR was open to offers. The dismissal also signaled to France and Britain the existence of a potential negotiation option with Germany. One British official wrote that Litvinov's disappearance also meant the loss of an admirable technician or shock-absorber, while Molotov's \"modus operandi\" was \"more truly Bolshevik than diplomatic or cosmopolitan.\" Carr argued that the Soviet Union's replacement of Foreign Minister Litvinov with Molotov on May 3, 1939 indicated not an irrevocable shift towards alignment with Germany, but rather was Stalin's way of engaging in hard bargaining with the British and the French by appointing a proverbial hard man, namely Molotov, to the Foreign Commissariat. Historian Albert Resis stated that the Litvinov dismissal gave the Soviets freedom to pursue faster-paced German negotiations, but that they did not abandon British–French talks. Derek Watson argued that Molotov could get the best deal with Britain and France because he was not encumbered with the baggage of collective security and could negotiate with Germany. Geoffrey Roberts argued that Litvinov's dismissal helped the Soviets with British–French talks, because Litvinov doubted or maybe even opposed such discussions.\nQuestion: Who gave the order to remove the Jews from the Ministry? Answer:", "completion": "Stalin"}
{"id": "572e9c8cc246551400ce43e8", "answers": {"text": ["Uthman's codex"], "answer_start": [367]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: According to the traditional narrative, several companions of Muhammad served as scribes and were responsible for writing down the revelations. Shortly after Muhammad's death, the Quran was compiled by his companions who wrote down and memorized parts of it. These codices had differences that motivated the Caliph Uthman to establish a standard version now known as Uthman's codex, which is generally considered the archetype of the Quran known today. There are, however, variant readings, with mostly minor differences in meaning.\nQuestion: By what name is the first standardized version of the Quran known? Answer:", "completion": "Uthman's codex"}
{"id": "572788c6f1498d1400e8fb2c", "answers": {"text": ["Murray's autumn sale"], "answer_start": [185]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On the Origin of Species was first published on Thursday 24 November 1859, priced at fifteen shillings with a first printing of 1250 copies. The book had been offered to booksellers at Murray's autumn sale on Tuesday 22 November, and all available copies had been taken up immediately. In total, 1,250 copies were printed but after deducting presentation and review copies, and five for Stationers' Hall copyright, around 1,170 copies were available for sale. Significantly, 500 were taken by Mudie's Library, ensuring that the book promptly reached a large number of subscribers to the library. The second edition of 3,000 copies was quickly brought out on 7 January 1860, and incorporated numerous corrections as well as a response to religious objections by the addition of a new epigraph on page ii, a quotation from Charles Kingsley, and the phrase \"by the Creator\" added to the closing sentence. During Darwin's lifetime the book went through six editions, with cumulative changes and revisions to deal with counter-arguments raised. The third edition came out in 1861, with a number of sentences rewritten or added and an introductory appendix, An Historical Sketch of the Recent Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Species, while the fourth in 1866 had further revisions. The fifth edition, published on 10 February 1869, incorporated more changes and for the first time included the phrase \"survival of the fittest\", which had been coined by the philosopher Herbert Spencer in his Principles of Biology (1864).\nQuestion: Where was the book, On the Origin of Species first offered for sale? Answer:", "completion": "Murray's autumn sale"}
{"id": "5727708f708984140094dd9b", "answers": {"text": ["76"], "answer_start": [50]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Maplecroft Child Labour Index 2012 survey reports 76 countries pose extreme child labour complicity risks for companies operating worldwide. The ten highest risk countries in 2012, ranked in decreasing order, were: Myanmar, North Korea, Somalia, Sudan, DR Congo, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Burundi, Pakistan and Ethiopia. Of the major growth economies, Maplecroft ranked Philippines 25th riskiest, India 27th, China 36th, Viet Nam 37th, Indonesia 46th, and Brazil 54th - all of them rated to involve extreme risks of child labour uncertainties, to corporations seeking to invest in developing world and import products from emerging markets.\nQuestion: According to the Maplecroft Child Labour Index how many countries post risks for child labour? Answer:", "completion": "76"}
{"id": "572845f13acd2414000df83a", "answers": {"text": ["return on invested capital"], "answer_start": [548]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Activision Blizzard CEO Bobby Kotick has criticized PS3's high development costs and inferior attach rate and return to that of Xbox 360 and Wii. He believes these factors are pushing developers away from working on the console. In an interview with The Times Kotick stated \"I'm getting concerned about Sony; the PlayStation 3 is losing a bit of momentum and they don't make it easy for me to support the platform.\" He continued, \"It's expensive to develop for the console, and the Wii and the Xbox are just selling better. Games generate a better return on invested capital (ROIC) on the Xbox than on the PlayStation.\" Kotick also claimed that Activision Blizzard may stop supporting the system if the situation is not addressed. \"[Sony has] to cut the [PS3's retail] price, because if they don't, the attach rates are likely to slow. If we are being realistic, we might have to stop supporting Sony.\" Kotick received heavy criticism for the statement, notably from developer Bioware who questioned the wisdom of the threatened move, and referred to the statement as \"silly.\"\nQuestion: What does \"ROIC\" stand for? Answer:", "completion": "return on invested capital"}
{"id": "5727fa9c3acd2414000df14a", "answers": {"text": ["eastern tip"], "answer_start": [271]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: St. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the eastern tip of the Avalon Peninsula on the island of Newfoundland. With a population of 214,285 as of July 1, 2015, the St. John's Metropolitan Area is the second largest Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) in Atlantic Canada after Halifax and the 20th largest metropolitan area in Canada. It is one of the world's top ten oceanside destinations, according to National Geographic Magazine. Its name has been attributed to the feast day of John the Baptist, when John Cabot was believed to have sailed into the harbour in 1497, and also to a Basque fishing town with the same name.\nQuestion: Where on the Avalon Peninsula is St. John's located? Answer:", "completion": "eastern tip"}
{"id": "56f7197b711bf01900a4495d", "answers": {"text": ["Hammerson"], "answer_start": [684]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Significant employers in Southampton include The University of Southampton, Southampton Solent University, Southampton Airport, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, ABP and Carnival UK. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire and more generally in the World War II narrative as one of the departure points for D-Day, and more recently as the home port of a number of the largest cruise ships in the world. Southampton has a large shopping centre and retail park called WestQuay. In October 2014, the City Council approved a follow-up from the WestQuay park, called WestQuay Watermark. Construction by Sir Robert McAlpine commenced in January 2015. Hammerson, the owners of the retail park, aim to have at least 1,550 people employed on its premises at year-end 2016.\nQuestion: What company owns WestQuay Watermark? Answer:", "completion": "Hammerson"}
{"id": "56df03d9c65bf219000b3ed0", "answers": {"text": ["third"], "answer_start": [378]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 about half were Italian by 1994 the number was reduced to one third. Their influence in the election of the Pope has been considered important, they are better informed and connected than the dislocated cardinals but their level of unity has been varied. Under the 1587 decree of Pope Sixtus V, which fixed the maximum size of the College of Cardinals, there were 14 cardinal deacons. Later the number increased. As late as 1939 almost half of the cardinals were members of the curia. Pius XII reduced this percentage to 24 percent. John XXIII brought it back up to 37 percent but Paul VI brought it down to 27 percent where John Paul II has maintained this ratio.\nQuestion: In 1994, how many Cardinals were Italian? Answer:", "completion": "third"}
{"id": "5730345ea23a5019007fcf7b", "answers": {"text": ["60.8%"], "answer_start": [55]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 2010, the literacy rate of Liberia was estimated at 60.8% (64.8% for males and 56.8% for females). In some areas primary and secondary education is free and compulsory from the ages of 6 to 16, though enforcement of attendance is lax. In other areas children are required to pay a tuition fee to attend school. On average, children attain 10 years of education (11 for boys and 8 for girls). The country's education sector is hampered by inadequate schools and supplies, as well as a lack of qualified teachers.\nQuestion: What was the literacy rate in Liberia in 2010? Answer:", "completion": "60.8%"}
{"id": "57302f5e947a6a140053d24c", "answers": {"text": ["770,000 men"], "answer_start": [297]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Rome's military confederation with the other peoples of the Italian peninsula meant that half of Rome's army was provided by the Socii, such as the Etruscans, Umbrians, Apulians, Campanians, Samnites, Lucani, Bruttii, and the various southern Greek cities. Polybius states that Rome could draw on 770,000 men at the beginning of the Second Punic War, of which 700,000 were infantry and 70,000 met the requirements for cavalry. Rome's Italian allies would be organized in alae, or wings, roughly equal in manpower to the Roman legions, though with 900 cavalry instead of 300.\nQuestion: How many soldiers were available to Rome at the start of the Second Punic War? Answer:", "completion": "770,000 men"}
{"id": "57281c093acd2414000df4be", "answers": {"text": ["they cannot prove every truth which is expressible in their language"], "answer_start": [441]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: With this contribution of von Neumann, the axiomatic system of the theory of sets became fully satisfactory, and the next question was whether or not it was also definitive, and not subject to improvement. A strongly negative answer arrived in September 1930 at the historic mathematical Congress of Königsberg, in which Kurt Gödel announced his first theorem of incompleteness: the usual axiomatic systems are incomplete, in the sense that they cannot prove every truth which is expressible in their language. This result was sufficiently innovative as to confound the majority of mathematicians of the time.\nQuestion: What was the central theme of Godel's announcement that the axiomatic system was not complete? Answer:", "completion": "they cannot prove every truth which is expressible in their language"}
{"id": "572ebe3c03f98919007569df", "answers": {"text": ["reading and playing football"], "answer_start": [201]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an \"amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious.\" Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home \"more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character.\"\nQuestion: What were Gaddafi's favorite hobbies in the military? Answer:", "completion": "reading and playing football"}
{"id": "5734466eacc1501500babd7b", "answers": {"text": ["Liverpool and Benin"], "answer_start": [1067]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: As the primary former Capital of the Confederate States of America, Richmond is home to many museums and battlefields of the American Civil War. Near the riverfront is the Richmond National Battlefield Park Visitors Center and the American Civil War Center at Historic Tredegar, both housed in the former buildings of the Tredegar Iron Works, where much of the ordnance for the war was produced. In Court End, near the Virginia State Capitol, is the Museum of the Confederacy, along with the Davis Mansion, also known as the White House of the Confederacy; both feature a wide variety of objects and material from the era. The temporary home of former Confederate General Robert E. Lee still stands on Franklin Street in downtown Richmond. The history of slavery and emancipation are also increasingly represented: there is a former slave trail along the river that leads to Ancarrow's Boat Ramp and Historic Site which has been developed with interpretive signage, and in 2007, the Reconciliation Statue was placed in Shockoe Bottom, with parallel statues placed in Liverpool and Benin representing points of the Triangle Trade.\nQuestion: Where are the Reconciliation Statues outside Richmond located? Answer:", "completion": "Liverpool and Benin"}
{"id": "56dde7259a695914005b9697", "answers": {"text": ["British command"], "answer_start": [141]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The Canadian Crown-in-Council then decided to send its forces into the Second World War, as well as the Korean War.\nQuestion: Under what command did they serve? Answer:", "completion": "British command"}
{"id": "57266a2e708984140094c546", "answers": {"text": ["1688"], "answer_start": [45]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the imperial stage.\nQuestion: When did England and the Netherlands make peace? Answer:", "completion": "1688"}
{"id": "5707135a90286e26004fc8c1", "answers": {"text": ["1965"], "answer_start": [453]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.\nQuestion: When did the US institute the Voting Rights Act? Answer:", "completion": "1965"}
{"id": "57343a9f4776f41900661aa7", "answers": {"text": ["Broad"], "answer_start": [189]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The area between Belvidere Street, Interstate 195, Interstate 95, and the river, which includes Virginia Commonwealth University, is socioeconomically and architecturally diverse. North of Broad Street, the Carver and Newtowne West neighborhoods are demographically similar to neighboring Jackson Ward, with Carver experiencing some gentrification due to its proximity to VCU. The affluent area between the Boulevard, Main Street, Broad Street, and VCU, known as the Fan, is home to Monument Avenue, an outstanding collection of Victorian architecture, and many students. West of the Boulevard is the Museum District, the location of the Virginia Historical Society and the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. South of the Downtown Expressway are Byrd Park, Maymont, Hollywood Cemetery, the predominantly black working class Randolph neighborhood, and white working class Oregon Hill. Cary Street between Interstate 195 and the Boulevard is a popular commercial area called Carytown.\nQuestion: The neighborhood of Newtowne West is north of what street? Answer:", "completion": "Broad"}
{"id": "56e6f11ade9d3714000680c4", "answers": {"text": ["adult"], "answer_start": [46]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Urban AC is a form of AC music geared towards adult African-American audiences, and therefore, the artists that are played on these stations are most often black, such as Des'ree, whose album I Ain't Movin' was massively popular amongst both African American audience as well as the wider national audience.\nQuestion: What age group is Urban AC focused towards? Answer:", "completion": "adult"}
{"id": "572f11a2dfa6aa1500f8d5ba", "answers": {"text": ["1871"], "answer_start": [430]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Italian unification was the political and social movement that annexed different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century. There is a lack of consensus on the exact dates for the beginning and the end of this period, but many scholars agree that the process began with the end of Napoleonic rule and the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and approximately ended with the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, though the last città irredente did not join the Kingdom of Italy until after World War I.\nQuestion: In what year do most Scholars agree the Italian Unification ended? Answer:", "completion": "1871"}
{"id": "57284e224b864d190016490d", "answers": {"text": ["ritual"], "answer_start": [264]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The 7th and 6th centuries BC witnessed the composition of the earliest Upanishads. Upanishads form the theoretical basis of classical Hinduism and are known as Vedanta (conclusion of the Vedas). The older Upanishads launched attacks of increasing intensity on the ritual. Anyone who worships a divinity other than the Self is called a domestic animal of the gods in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. The Mundaka launches the most scathing attack on the ritual by comparing those who value sacrifice with an unsafe boat that is endlessly overtaken by old age and death.\nQuestion: What part of the Hinduism belief system did the Upanishads attack? Answer:", "completion": "ritual"}
{"id": "5707171c9e06ca38007e93fd", "answers": {"text": ["1858"], "answer_start": [217]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The state united behind the Plan of Ayutla and ratified the new constitution in 1855. The state was able to survive through the Reform War with minimal damage due to the large number of liberal political figures. The 1858 conservative movement did not succeed in the state even after the successful military campaign of the conservative Zuloaga with 1,000 men occupied the cities of Chihuahua and Parral. In August 1859, Zuloaga and his forces were defeated by the liberal Orozco and his forces; Orozco soon after deposed the state governor, but had to flee to Durango two months later. In the late 1860s the conservative General Cajen briefly entered the state after his campaign through the state of Jalisco and helped establish conservative politicians and ran out the liberal leaders Jesús González Ortega and José María Patoni. Cajen took possession of the state capital and established himself as governor; he brooked no delay in uniting a large force to combat the liberal forces which he defeated in La Batalla del Gallo. Cajen attained several advantages over the liberals within the state, but soon lost his standing due to a strong resurgence of the liberal forces within the state. The successful liberal leaders José María Patoni of Durango and J.E. Muñoz of Chihuahua quickly strengthened their standing by limiting the political rights of the clergy implementing the presidential decree. The state elected General Luis Terrazas, a liberal leader, as governor; he would continue to fight small battles within the state to suppress conservative uprisings during 1861.\nQuestion: The conservative movement occurred during which year? Answer:", "completion": "1858"}
{"id": "572b5c93111d821400f38e7a", "answers": {"text": ["relative reactivity of zinc and its ability to attract oxidation"], "answer_start": [4]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The relative reactivity of zinc and its ability to attract oxidation to itself makes it an efficient sacrificial anode in cathodic protection (CP). For example, cathodic protection of a buried pipeline can be achieved by connecting anodes made from zinc to the pipe. Zinc acts as the anode (negative terminus) by slowly corroding away as it passes electric current to the steel pipeline.[note 2] Zinc is also used to cathodically protect metals that are exposed to sea water from corrosion. A zinc disc attached to a ship's iron rudder will slowly corrode, whereas the rudder stays unattacked. Other similar uses include a plug of zinc attached to a propeller or the metal protective guard for the keel of the ship.\nQuestion: What makes zinc an efficient sacrificial anode? Answer:", "completion": "relative reactivity of zinc and its ability to attract oxidation"}
{"id": "572813642ca10214002d9d62", "answers": {"text": ["Lee Phillip Bell"], "answer_start": [1137]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Northwestern's School of Communication has been especially fruitful in the number of actors, actresses, playwrights, and film and television writers and directors it has produced. Alumni who have made their mark on film and television include Ann-Margret, Warren Beatty, Jodie Markell, Paul Lynde, David Schwimmer, Anne Dudek, Zach Braff, Zooey Deschanel, Marg Helgenberger, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Jerry Orbach, Jennifer Jones, Megan Mullally, John Cameron Mitchell, Dermot Mulroney, Charlton Heston, Richard Kind, Ana Gasteyer, Brad Hall, Shelley Long, William Daniels, Cloris Leachman, Bonnie Bartlett, Paula Prentiss, Richard Benjamin, Laura Innes, Charles Busch, Stephanie March, Tony Roberts, Jeri Ryan, Kimberly Williams-Paisley, McLean Stevenson, Tony Randall, Charlotte Rae, Paul Lynde, Patricia Neal, Nancy Dussault, Robert Reed, Mara Brock Akil, Greg Berlanti, Bill Nuss, Dusty Kay, Dan Shor, Seth Meyers, Frank DeCaro, Zach Gilford, Nicole Sullivan, Stephen Colbert, Sandra Seacat and Garry Marshall. Directors who were graduated from Northwestern include Gerald Freedman, Stuart Hagmann, Marshall W. Mason, and Mary Zimmerman. Lee Phillip Bell hosted a talk show in Chicago from 1952 to 1986 and co-created the Daytime Emmy Award-winning soap operas The Young and the Restless in 1973 and The Bold and the Beautiful in 1987. Alumni such as Sheldon Harnick, Stephanie D'Abruzzo, Heather Headley, Kristen Schaal, Lily Rabe, and Walter Kerr have distinguished themselves on Broadway, as has designer Bob Mackie. Amsterdam-based comedy theater Boom Chicago was founded by Northwestern alumni, and the school has become a training ground for future The Second City, I.O., ComedySportz, Mad TV and Saturday Night Live talent. Tam Spiva wrote scripts for The Brady Bunch and Gentle Ben. In New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, the number of Northwestern alumni involved in theater, film, and television is so large that a perception has formed that there's such a thing as a \"Northwestern mafia.\"\nQuestion: Which alumni was a co-creator of \"The Young and the Restless\", and \"The Bold and the Beautiful\"? Answer:", "completion": "Lee Phillip Bell"}
{"id": "57313458497a881900248c47", "answers": {"text": ["Han Bannermen"], "answer_start": [17]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.\nQuestion: Who did the Manchus send to battle Koxinga's troops? Answer:", "completion": "Han Bannermen"}
{"id": "57344c34acc1501500babdc2", "answers": {"text": ["all hunting"], "answer_start": [153]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Nevertheless, although a distinction between lawful and unlawful hunting is undoubtedly permissible, it is certain that a bishop can absolutely prohibit all hunting to the clerics of his diocese, as was done by synods at Milan, Avignon, Liège, Cologne, and elsewhere. Benedict XIV (De synodo diœces., l. II, c. x) declared that such synodal decrees are not too severe, as an absolute prohibition of hunting is more conformable to the ecclesiastical law. In practice, therefore, the synodal statutes of various localities must be consulted to discover whether they allow quiet hunting or prohibit it altogether.\nQuestion: What can a bishop absolutely prohibit? Answer:", "completion": "all hunting"}
{"id": "573219f50fdd8d15006c67a9", "answers": {"text": ["Mykonos"], "answer_start": [424]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In recent years a number of well-known tourism-related organizations have placed Greek destinations in the top of their lists. In 2009 Lonely Planet ranked Thessaloniki, the country's second-largest city, the world's fifth best \"Ultimate Party Town\", alongside cities such as Montreal and Dubai, while in 2011 the island of Santorini was voted as the best island in the world by Travel + Leisure. The neighbouring island of Mykonos was ranked as the 5th best island Europe. Thessaloniki was the European Youth Capital in 2014.\nQuestion: What island was ranked as the 5th best in Europe? Answer:", "completion": "Mykonos"}
{"id": "56dfbfff7aa994140058e113", "answers": {"text": ["corners or road junctions"], "answer_start": [551]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new licences and became full pubs. These usually small establishments can still be identified in many towns, seemingly oddly located in the middle of otherwise terraced housing part way up a street, unlike purpose-built pubs that are usually found on corners or road junctions. Many of today's respected real ale micro-brewers in the UK started as home based Beer House brewers under the 1830 Act.\nQuestion: Where are purpose-built pubs typically located? Answer:", "completion": "corners or road junctions"}
{"id": "571a888e4faf5e1900b8aa35", "answers": {"text": ["An obscure presbyter of the name of Pistus"], "answer_start": [400]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Arians no longer presented an unbroken front to their orthodox opponents. The Emperor Constantius, who had been the cause of so much trouble, died 4 November, 361 and was succeeded by Julian. The proclamation of the new prince's accession was the signal for a pagan outbreak against the still dominant Arian faction in Alexandria. George, the usurping Bishop, was flung into prison and murdered. An obscure presbyter of the name of Pistus was immediately chosen by the Arians to succeed him, when fresh news arrived that filled the orthodox party with hope. An edict had been put forth by Julian permitting the exiled bishops of the \"Galileans\" to return to their \"towns and provinces\". Athanasius received a summons from his own flock, and he accordingly re-entered his episcopal capitol on 22 February, 362.\nQuestion: Who then succeeded George? Answer:", "completion": "An obscure presbyter of the name of Pistus"}
{"id": "5725f28989a1e219009ac0e1", "answers": {"text": ["Greeks of Bactria"], "answer_start": [905]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Before the Hellenistic period, Greek colonies had been established on the coast of the Crimean and Taman peninsulas. The Bosporan Kingdom was a multi-ethnic kingdom of Greek city states and local tribal peoples such as the Maeotians, Thracians, Crimean Scythians and Cimmerians under the Spartocid dynasty (438–110 BCE). The Spartocids were a hellenized Thracian family from Panticapaeum. The Bosporans had long lasting trade contacts with the Scythian peoples of the Pontic-Caspian steppe, and Hellenistic influence can be seen in the Scythian settlements of the Crimea, such as in the Scythian Neapolis. Scythian pressure on the Bosporan kingdom under Paerisades V led to its eventual vassalage under the Pontic king Mithradates VI for protection, circa 107 BCE. It later became a Roman client state. Other Scythians on the steppes of Central Asia came into contact with Hellenistic culture through the Greeks of Bactria. Many Scythian elites purchased Greek products and some Scythian art shows Greek influences. At least some Scythians seem to have become Hellenized, because we know of conflicts between the elites of the Scythian kingdom over the adoption of Greek ways. These Hellenized Scythians were known as the \"young Scythians\". The peoples around Pontic Olbia, known as the Callipidae, were intermixed and Hellenized Greco-Scythians.\nQuestion: From whom did the Scythians of Central Asia discover Hellenistic culture? Answer:", "completion": "Greeks of Bactria"}
{"id": "572aa08a111d821400f38c5e", "answers": {"text": ["more fertile and better watered"], "answer_start": [86]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Aravalli Range and the lands to the east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered. This region is home to the Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with tropical dry broadleaf forests that include teak, Acacia, and other trees. The hilly Vagad region, home to the cities of Dungarpur and Banswara lies in southernmost Rajasthan, on the border with Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. With the exception of Mount Abu, Vagad is the wettest region in Rajasthan, and the most heavily forested. North of Vagad lies the Mewar region, home to the cities of Udaipur and Chittaurgarh. The Hadoti region lies to the southeast, on the border with Madhya Pradesh. North of Hadoti and Mewar lies the Dhundhar region, home to the state capital of Jaipur. Mewat, the easternmost region of Rajasthan, borders Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Eastern and southeastern Rajasthan is drained by the Banas and Chambal rivers, tributaries of the Ganges.\nQuestion: What is a characteristic of the region to the east of the Aravalli range? Answer:", "completion": "more fertile and better watered"}
{"id": "5726a9e9708984140094cd45", "answers": {"text": ["Causing a Commotion"], "answer_start": [1064]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In June 1986, Madonna released her third studio album, True Blue, which was inspired by and dedicated to Sean Penn. Rolling Stone magazine was generally impressed with the effort, writing that the album \"sound[s] as if it comes from the heart\". It resulted in three singles making it to number-one on the Billboard Hot 100: \"Live to Tell\", \"Papa Don't Preach\" and \"Open Your Heart\", and two more top-five singles: \"True Blue\" and \"La Isla Bonita\". The album topped the charts in over 28 countries worldwide, an unprecedented achievement at the time, and became her best-selling studio album of her career to this date with sales of 25 million. In the same year, Madonna starred in the critically panned film Shanghai Surprise, for which she was awarded the Golden Raspberry Award for \"worst actress\". She made her theatrical debut in a production of David Rabe's Goose and Tom-Tom; the film and play both co-starred Penn. The next year, Madonna was featured in the film Who's That Girl. She contributed four songs to its soundtrack, including the title track and \"Causing a Commotion\".\nQuestion: Name a soundtrack in the film Who's That Girl? Answer:", "completion": "Causing a Commotion"}
{"id": "56fa08a8f34c681400b0bf7a", "answers": {"text": ["the State of Somaliland"], "answer_start": [57]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: British Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland, and the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) followed suit five days later. On 1 July 1960, the two territories united to form the Somali Republic, albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain. A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal other members of the trusteeship and protectorate governments, with Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf as President of the Somali National Assembly, Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as the President of the Somali Republic and Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as Prime Minister (later to become President from 1967 to 1969). On 20 July 1961 and through a popular referendum, the people of Somalia ratified a new constitution, which was first drafted in 1960. In 1967, Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal became Prime Minister, a position to which he was appointed by Shermarke. Egal would later become the President of the autonomous Somaliland region in northwestern Somalia.\nQuestion: What was British Somaliland known as upon achieving independence? Answer:", "completion": "the State of Somaliland"}
{"id": "56e145b6e3433e1400422d2c", "answers": {"text": ["10%"], "answer_start": [422]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, 57% of the population of the city identified themselves as Christians, with 25% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant, and 29% professing Roman Catholic beliefs. while 33% claim no religious affiliation. The same study says that other religions (including Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism) collectively make up about 10% of the population.\nQuestion: In 2014, other religions mad eup what percentage of the citys population? Answer:", "completion": "10%"}
{"id": "56dfae9c7aa994140058dfde", "answers": {"text": ["Franklin School"], "answer_start": [128]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On June 21, 1880, Bell's assistant transmitted a wireless voice telephone message a considerable distance, from the roof of the Franklin School in Washington, D.C., to Bell at the window of his laboratory, some 213 metres (700 ft) away, 19 years before the first voice radio transmissions.\nQuestion: From what building was the first photophone message sent? Answer:", "completion": "Franklin School"}
{"id": "56cf2b33aab44d1400b88db2", "answers": {"text": ["17"], "answer_start": [985]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Winters are cold and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore minimize the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the Appalachians keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis. The daily mean temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is 32.6 °F (0.3 °C); however, temperatures usually drop to 10 °F (−12 °C) several times per winter, and reach 50 °F (10 °C) several days each winter month. Spring and autumn are unpredictable and can range from chilly to warm, although they are usually mild with low humidity. Summers are typically warm to hot and humid, with a daily mean temperature of 76.5 °F (24.7 °C) in July and an average humidity level of 72%. Nighttime conditions are often exacerbated by the urban heat island phenomenon, while daytime temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average of 17 days each summer and in some years exceed 100 °F (38 °C). In the warmer months, the dew point, a measure of atmospheric moisture, ranges from 57.3 °F (14.1 °C) in June to 62.0 °F (16.7 °C) in August. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −15 °F (−26 °C), recorded on February 9, 1934, up to 106 °F (41 °C) on July 9, 1936.\nQuestion: On average, how often do New York temperatures exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit each year? Answer:", "completion": "17"}
{"id": "573251210fdd8d15006c697c", "answers": {"text": ["Protestantism"], "answer_start": [126]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In a factor analysis of the latest wave of World Values Survey data, Arno Tausch (Corvinus University of Budapest) found that Protestantism emerges to be very close to combining religion and the traditions of liberalism. The Global Value Development Index, calculated by Tausch, relies on the World Values Survey dimensions such as trust in the state of law, no support for shadow economy, postmaterial activism, support for democracy, a non-acceptance of violence, xenophobia and racism, trust in transnational capital and Universities, confidence in the market economy, supporting gender justice, and engaging in environmental activism, etc.\nQuestion: What does a good job of combining religion and liberalism? Answer:", "completion": "Protestantism"}
{"id": "56cec548aab44d1400b88a14", "answers": {"text": ["Chen Xuezhong"], "answer_start": [27]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 2002, Chinese geologist Chen Xuezhong published a Seismic Risk Analysis study in which he came to the conclusion that beginning with 2003, attention should be paid to the possibility of an earthquake with a magnitude of over 7.0 occurring in Sichuan region. He based his study on statistical correlation. That Sichuan is a seismically active area has been discussed for years prior to the quake, though few studies point to a specific date and time.\nQuestion: Who published the Seismic Risk Analysis? Answer:", "completion": "Chen Xuezhong"}
{"id": "5728531a4b864d1900164949", "answers": {"text": ["did not receive much peace or comfort from it, as he still remained terrified of death"], "answer_start": [690]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: He invited a Roman Catholic priest, Father Anselm Strittmatter, O.S.B., to visit him for consultation. Von Neumann reportedly said in explanation that Pascal had a point, referring to Pascal's Wager. Father Strittmatter administered the last sacraments to him. Some of von Neumann's friends (such as Abraham Pais and Oskar Morgenstern) said they had always believed him to be \"completely agnostic.\" \"Of this deathbed conversion, Morgenstern told Heims, \"He was of course completely agnostic all his life, and then he suddenly turned Catholic—it doesn't agree with anything whatsoever in his attitude, outlook and thinking when he was healthy.\" Father Strittmatter recalled that von Neumann did not receive much peace or comfort from it, as he still remained terrified of death.\nQuestion: Did the last sacrament ease von Neumann? Answer:", "completion": "did not receive much peace or comfort from it, as he still remained terrified of death"}
{"id": "571a11c84faf5e1900b8a88d", "answers": {"text": ["Seattle Opera House"], "answer_start": [309]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Seattle has been a regional center for the performing arts for many years. The century-old Seattle Symphony Orchestra is among the world's most recorded and performs primarily at Benaroya Hall. The Seattle Opera and Pacific Northwest Ballet, which perform at McCaw Hall (opened 2003 on the site of the former Seattle Opera House at Seattle Center), are comparably distinguished, with the Opera being particularly known for its performances of the works of Richard Wagner and the PNB School (founded in 1974) ranking as one of the top three ballet training institutions in the United States. The Seattle Youth Symphony Orchestras (SYSO) is the largest symphonic youth organization in the United States. The city also boasts lauded summer and winter chamber music festivals organized by the Seattle Chamber Music Society.\nQuestion: What structure was originally at site of the McCaw Hall? Answer:", "completion": "Seattle Opera House"}
{"id": "572fdbd404bcaa1900d76de3", "answers": {"text": ["Macedonia"], "answer_start": [103]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Rome's preoccupation with its war with Carthage provided an opportunity for Philip V of the kingdom of Macedonia, located in the north of the Greek peninsula, to attempt to extend his power westward. Philip sent ambassadors to Hannibal's camp in Italy, to negotiate an alliance as common enemies of Rome. However, Rome discovered the agreement when Philip's emissaries were captured by a Roman fleet. The First Macedonian War saw the Romans involved directly in only limited land operations, but they ultimately achieved their objective of pre-occupying Philip and preventing him from aiding Hannibal.\nQuestion: What kingdom sent an ambassador to Italy in an attempt to form an alliance against Rome? Answer:", "completion": "Macedonia"}
{"id": "56e17f5de3433e1400422f8e", "answers": {"text": ["Catalan philology"], "answer_start": [153]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Catalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyse the relation between the Catalan language, the speakers and the close reality (including the one of other languages in contact).\nQuestion: What is this a subdiscipline of? Answer:", "completion": "Catalan philology"}
{"id": "5733eeae4776f41900661546", "answers": {"text": ["2010"], "answer_start": [303]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10. In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues. In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry.\nQuestion: In which year was the Premier League awarded an International Trade award? Answer:", "completion": "2010"}
{"id": "56ceddf6aab44d1400b88b67", "answers": {"text": ["Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan"], "answer_start": [99]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The most precarious of these quake-lakes was the one located in the extremely difficult terrain at Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan, accessible only by foot or air; an Mi-26T heavy lift helicopter belonging to the China Flying Dragon Special Aviation Company was used to bring heavy earthmoving tractors to the affected location. This operation was coupled with the work done by PLAAF Mi-17 helicopters bringing in PLA engineering corps, explosive specialists and other personnel to join 1,200 soldiers who arrived on site by foot. Five tons of fuel to operate the machinery was airlifted to the site, where a sluice was constructed to allow the safe discharge of the bottlenecked water. Downstream, more than 200,000 people were evacuated from Mianyang by June 1 in anticipation of the dam bursting.\nQuestion: Where was the most precarious quake lake located? Answer:", "completion": "Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan"}
{"id": "56d4e5922ccc5a1400d83302", "answers": {"text": ["2010"], "answer_start": [13]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In September 2010, Beyoncé made her runway modelling debut at Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011 fashion show. She was named \"World's Most Beautiful Woman\" by People and the \"Hottest Female Singer of All Time\" by Complex in 2012. In January 2013, GQ placed her on its cover, featuring her atop its \"100 Sexiest Women of the 21st Century\" list. VH1 listed her at number 1 on its 100 Sexiest Artists list. Several wax figures of Beyoncé are found at Madame Tussauds Wax Museums in major cities around the world, including New York, Washington, D.C., Amsterdam, Bangkok, Hollywood and Sydney.\nQuestion: What year did Beyoncé first model for Tom Ford? Answer:", "completion": "2010"}
{"id": "572eb0fecb0c0d14000f148b", "answers": {"text": ["seed germination and dispersal needs"], "answer_start": [432]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species. To determine what exactly is critical habitat, the needs of open space for individual and population growth, food, water, light or other nutritional requirements, breeding sites, seed germination and dispersal needs, and lack of disturbances are considered.\nQuestion: What is an example of a critical habitat consideration that would apply to plant wildlife? Answer:", "completion": "seed germination and dispersal needs"}
{"id": "572817492ca10214002d9daa", "answers": {"text": ["towns in the country's northern regions"], "answer_start": [379]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 2004 the Central African Republic Bush War began as forces opposed to Bozizé took up arms against his government. In May 2005 Bozizé won a presidential election that excluded Patassé and in 2006 fighting continued between the government and the rebels. In November 2006, Bozizé's government requested French military support to help them repel rebels who had taken control of towns in the country's northern regions. Though the initially public details of the agreement pertained to logistics and intelligence, the French assistance eventually included strikes by Mirage jets against rebel positions.\nQuestion: What did the rebels take over? Answer:", "completion": "towns in the country's northern regions"}
{"id": "5729508d3f37b31900478235", "answers": {"text": ["1648"], "answer_start": [578]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, attempted to unite all the people they claimed were \"Germans\" (Volksdeutsche) into one realm, including ethnic Germans in eastern Europe, many of whom had emigrated more than one hundred fifty years before and developed separate cultures in their new lands. This idea was initially welcomed by many ethnic Germans in Sudetenland, Austria, Poland, Danzig and western Lithuania, particularly the Germans from Klaipeda (Memel). The Swiss resisted the idea. They had viewed themselves as a distinctly separate nation since the Peace of Westphalia of 1648.\nQuestion: Since when had the Swiss viewed themselves as a different nation? Answer:", "completion": "1648"}
{"id": "56e7812637bdd419002c404e", "answers": {"text": ["the Association of American Universities"], "answer_start": [373]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The university's Medical Center and University Hospital are located in Kansas City, Kansas. The Edwards Campus is in Overland Park, Kansas, in the Kansas City metropolitan area. There are also educational and research sites in Parsons and Topeka, and branches of the University of Kansas School of Medicine in Wichita and Salina. The university is one of the 62 members of the Association of American Universities.\nQuestion: What organization does KU belong to? Answer:", "completion": "the Association of American Universities"}
{"id": "572b3ab4111d821400f38de6", "answers": {"text": ["physical objects, properties, events (whatever is physical) are reducible to mental objects, properties, events"], "answer_start": [544]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Most of Hume's followers have disagreed with his conclusion that belief in an external world is rationally unjustifiable, contending that Hume's own principles implicitly contained the rational justification for such a belief, that is, beyond being content to let the issue rest on human instinct, custom and habit. According to an extreme empiricist theory known as phenomenalism, anticipated by the arguments of both Hume and George Berkeley, a physical object is a kind of construction out of our experiences. Phenomenalism is the view that physical objects, properties, events (whatever is physical) are reducible to mental objects, properties, events. Ultimately, only mental objects, properties, events, exist — hence the closely related term subjective idealism. By the phenomenalistic line of thinking, to have a visual experience of a real physical thing is to have an experience of a certain kind of group of experiences. This type of set of experiences possesses a constancy and coherence that is lacking in the set of experiences of which hallucinations, for example, are a part. As John Stuart Mill put it in the mid-19th century, matter is the \"permanent possibility of sensation\". Mill's empiricism went a significant step beyond Hume in still another respect: in maintaining that induction is necessary for all meaningful knowledge including mathematics. As summarized by D.W. Hamlin:\nQuestion: What is phenomenalism? Answer:", "completion": "physical objects, properties, events (whatever is physical) are reducible to mental objects, properties, events"}
{"id": "5726b98f5951b619008f7bdd", "answers": {"text": ["Raleigh IceCaps of the ECHL (1991–1998); Carolina Cobras of the Arena Football"], "answer_start": [109]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Several other professional sports leagues have had former franchises (now defunct) in Raleigh, including the Raleigh IceCaps of the ECHL (1991–1998); Carolina Cobras of the Arena Football League (2000–2004); the Raleigh–Durham Skyhawks of the World League of American Football (1991); the Raleigh Bullfrogs of the Global Basketball Association (1991–1992); the Raleigh Cougars of the United States Basketball League (1997–1999); and most recently, the Carolina Courage of the Women's United Soccer Association (2000–2001 in Chapel Hill, 2001–2003 in suburban Cary), which won that league's championship Founders Cup in 2002.\nQuestion: What sports teams have been in Raleigh? Answer:", "completion": "Raleigh IceCaps of the ECHL (1991–1998); Carolina Cobras of the Arena Football"}
{"id": "572a69757a1753140016af1b", "answers": {"text": ["classes"], "answer_start": [573]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the medieval Islamic world, an elementary school was known as a maktab, which dates back to at least the 10th century. Like madaris (which referred to higher education), a maktab was often attached to an endowed mosque. In the 11th century, the famous Persian Islamic philosopher and teacher Ibn Sīnā (known as Avicenna in the West), in one of his books, wrote a chapter about the maktab entitled \"The Role of the Teacher in the Training and Upbringing of Children,\" as a guide to teachers working at maktab schools. He wrote that children can learn better if taught in classes instead of individual tuition from private tutors, and he gave a number of reasons for why this is the case, citing the value of competition and emulation among pupils, as well as the usefulness of group discussions and debates. Ibn Sīnā described the curriculum of a maktab school in some detail, describing the curricula for two stages of education in a maktab school.\nQuestion: What did Ibn Sina prefer over private tutors? Answer:", "completion": "classes"}
{"id": "56f982999b226e1400dd14eb", "answers": {"text": ["Zhejiang"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Zhejiang, as the heartland of the Jiangnan (Yangtze River Delta), remained the wealthiest area during the Six Dynasties (220 or 222–589), Sui, and Tang. After being incorporated into the Sui dynasty, its economic richness was used for the Sui dynasty's ambitions to expand north and south, particularly into Korea and Vietnam. The plan led the Sui dynasty to restore and expand the network which became the Grand Canal of China. The Canal regularly transported grains and resources from Zhejiang, through its metropolitan center Hangzhou (and its hinterland along both the Zhe River and the shores of Hangzhou Bay), and from Suzhou, and thence to the North China Plain. The débâcle of the Korean war led to Sui's overthrow by the Tang, who then presided over a centuries-long golden age for the country. Zhejiang was an important economic center of the empire's Jiangnan East Circuit and was considered particularly prosperous. Throughout the Tang dynasty, The Grand Canal had remained effective, transporting grains and material resources to North China plain and metropolitan centers of the empire. As the Tang Dynasty disintegrated, Zhejiang constituted most of the territory of the regional kingdom of Wuyue.\nQuestion: What was the wealthiest area during the Six Dynasties? Answer:", "completion": "Zhejiang"}
{"id": "570d4227fed7b91900d45dca", "answers": {"text": ["11 January 1875"], "answer_start": [635]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: During the Cantonal Revolution of 1873, a cantonalist uprising that took place during the First Spanish Republic, the city was consolidated with most of the nearby cities in the Federal Canton of Valencia (proclaimed on 19 July and dissolved on 7 August). It did not have the revolutionary fervor of the movement in cities like Alcoy, as it was initiated by the bourgeoisie, but the Madrid government sent General Martinez-Campos to stifle the rebellion by force of arms and subjected Valencia to an intense bombardment. The city surrendered on 7 August; Alfonso XII was proclaimed king on 29 December 1874, and arrived in Valencia on 11 January 1875 on his way to Madrid, marking the end of the first republic. Despite the Bourbon restoration, the roughly even balance between conservatives and liberals in the government was sustained in Valencia until the granting of universal male suffrage in 1890, after which the Republicans, led by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, gained considerably more of the popular vote.\nQuestion: When did Alfonso XXII reach Valencia? Answer:", "completion": "11 January 1875"}
{"id": "57263a9f89a1e219009ac59a", "answers": {"text": ["Elizabeth Longford and Cecil Woodham-Smith"], "answer_start": [641]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Victoria was physically unprepossessing—she was stout, dowdy and no more than five feet tall—but she succeeded in projecting a grand image. She experienced unpopularity during the first years of her widowhood, but was well liked during the 1880s and 1890s, when she embodied the empire as a benevolent matriarchal figure. Only after the release of her diary and letters did the extent of her political influence become known to the wider public. Biographies of Victoria written before much of the primary material became available, such as Lytton Strachey's Queen Victoria of 1921, are now considered out of date. The biographies written by Elizabeth Longford and Cecil Woodham-Smith, in 1964 and 1972 respectively, are still widely admired. They, and others, conclude that as a person Victoria was emotional, obstinate, honest, and straight-talking.\nQuestion: Who were two good biographers of Queen Victoria? Answer:", "completion": "Elizabeth Longford and Cecil Woodham-Smith"}
{"id": "5726e773dd62a815002e948c", "answers": {"text": ["USD 2.3 billion"], "answer_start": [158]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: According to the International Organization for Migration, Nigeria witnessed a dramatic increase in remittances sent home from overseas Nigerians, going from USD 2.3 billion in 2004 to 17.9 billion in 2007. The United States accounts for the largest portion of official remittances, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Spain and France. On the African continent, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Chad, Libya and South Africa are important source countries of remittance flows to Nigeria, while China is the biggest remittance-sending country in Asia.\nQuestion: How much money did overseas Nigerians send home in 2004? Answer:", "completion": "USD 2.3 billion"}
{"id": "5727f9864b864d1900164102", "answers": {"text": ["1871"], "answer_start": [3]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1871, after the end of the war, the city was annexed to the newly established German Empire as part of the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen under the terms of the Treaty of Frankfurt. As part of Imperial Germany, Strasbourg was rebuilt and developed on a grand and representative scale, such as the Neue Stadt, or \"new city\" around the present Place de la République. Historian Rodolphe Reuss and Art historian Wilhelm von Bode were in charge of rebuilding the municipal archives, libraries and museums. The University, founded in 1567 and suppressed during the French Revolution as a stronghold of German sentiment,[citation needed] was reopened in 1872 under the name Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität.\nQuestion: In what year was the city annexed to the German Empire? Answer:", "completion": "1871"}
{"id": "5724d5ba0a492a1900435636", "answers": {"text": ["March 1861"], "answer_start": [3]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In March 1861, Victoria's mother died, with Victoria at her side. Through reading her mother's papers, Victoria discovered that her mother had loved her deeply; she was heart-broken, and blamed Conroy and Lehzen for \"wickedly\" estranging her from her mother. To relieve his wife during her intense and deep grief, Albert took on most of her duties, despite being ill himself with chronic stomach trouble. In August, Victoria and Albert visited their son, the Prince of Wales, who was attending army manoeuvres near Dublin, and spent a few days holidaying in Killarney. In November, Albert was made aware of gossip that his son had slept with an actress in Ireland. Appalled, Albert travelled to Cambridge, where his son was studying, to confront him. By the beginning of December, Albert was very unwell. He was diagnosed with typhoid fever by William Jenner, and died on 14 December 1861. Victoria was devastated. She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering. He had been \"killed by that dreadful business\", she said. She entered a state of mourning and wore black for the remainder of her life. She avoided public appearances, and rarely set foot in London in the following years. Her seclusion earned her the nickname \"widow of Windsor\".\nQuestion: When did Victoria's mother die? Answer:", "completion": "March 1861"}
{"id": "5727ba1bff5b5019007d9391", "answers": {"text": ["Richard Sparks"], "answer_start": [65]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The reasons for the strong Swedish dominance are as explained by Richard Sparks manifold; suffice to say here that there is a long-standing tradition, an unsusually large proportion of the populations (5% is often cited) regularly sing in choirs, the Swedish choral director Eric Ericson had an enormous impact on a cappella choral development not only in Sweden but around the world, and finally there are a large number of very popular primary and secondary schools (music schools) with high admission standards based on auditions that combine a rigid academic regimen with high level choral singing on every school day, a system that started with Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm in 1939 but has spread over the country.\nQuestion: Who describes the many reasons for Sweden's heavy involvement in a cappella? Answer:", "completion": "Richard Sparks"}
{"id": "5730f39205b4da19006bcc7f", "answers": {"text": ["Shuji Nakamura"], "answer_start": [55]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The first high-brightness blue LED was demonstrated by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation in 1994 and was based on InGaN. In parallel, Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano in Nagoya were working on developing the important GaN nucleation on sapphire substrates and the demonstration of p-type doping of GaN. Nakamura, Akasaki and Amano were awarded the 2014 Nobel prize in physics for their work. In 1995, Alberto Barbieri at the Cardiff University Laboratory (GB) investigated the efficiency and reliability of high-brightness LEDs and demonstrated a \"transparent contact\" LED using indium tin oxide (ITO) on (AlGaInP/GaAs).\nQuestion: Who demonstrated the first blue LED? Answer:", "completion": "Shuji Nakamura"}
{"id": "5730612b396df919000960c9", "answers": {"text": ["Greek and Persian"], "answer_start": [356]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the 5th century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires. Arab translation initially focused primarily on politics, rendering Persian, Greek, even Chinese and Indic diplomatic materials into Arabic. It later focused on translating classical Greek and Persian works, as well as some Chinese and Indian texts, into Arabic for scholarly study at major Islamic learning centers, such as the Al-Karaouine (Fes, Morocco), Al-Azhar (Cairo, Egypt), and the Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad. In terms of theory, Arabic translation drew heavily on earlier Near Eastern traditions as well as more contemporary Greek and Persian traditions.\nQuestion: What cultures' classical works were later translated into Arabic? Answer:", "completion": "Greek and Persian"}
{"id": "5727b0de2ca10214002d93f6", "answers": {"text": ["Decimus Junius Brutus"], "answer_start": [47]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Roman legions first entered the area under Decimus Junius Brutus in 137–136 BC, but the country was only incorporated into the Roman Empire by the time of Augustus (29 BC – 19 BC). The Romans were interested in Galicia mainly for its mineral resources, most notably gold. Under Roman rule, most Galician hillforts began to be – sometimes forcibly – abandoned, and Gallaeci served frequently in the Roman army as auxiliary troops. Romans brought new technologies, new travel routes, new forms of organizing property, and a new language; latin. The Roman Empire established its control over Galicia through camps (castra) as Aquis Querquennis, Ciadella camp or Lucus Augusti (Lugo), roads (viae) and monuments as the lighthouse known as Tower of Hercules, in Corunna, but the remoteness and lesser interest of the country since the 2nd century of our era, when the gold mines stopped being productive, led to a lesser degree of Romanization. In the 3rd century it was made a province, under the name Gallaecia, which included also northern Portugal, Asturias, and a large section of what today is known as Castile and León.\nQuestion: Under whom did Roman legions first enter Galicia? Answer:", "completion": "Decimus Junius Brutus"}
{"id": "57282ee62ca10214002da010", "answers": {"text": ["about 25%"], "answer_start": [111]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: However, the lifecycles of most living polychaetes, which are almost all marine animals, are unknown, and only about 25% of the 300+ species whose lifecycles are known follow this pattern. About 14% use a similar external fertilization but produce yolk-rich eggs, which reduce the time the larva needs to spend among the plankton, or eggs from which miniature adults emerge rather than larvae. The rest care for the fertilized eggs until they hatch – some by producing jelly-covered masses of eggs which they tend, some by attaching the eggs to their bodies and a few species by keeping the eggs within their bodies until they hatch. These species use a variety of methods for sperm transfer; for example, in some the females collect sperm released into the water, while in others the males have a penis that inject sperm into the female. There is no guarantee that this is a representative sample of polychaetes' reproductive patterns, and it simply reflects scientists' current knowledge.\nQuestion: How many species of polychaetes have known lifecycles? Answer:", "completion": "about 25%"}
{"id": "56e0eb947aa994140058e7c4", "answers": {"text": ["Vostok 1"], "answer_start": [311]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1. They dubbed Gagarin the first cosmonaut, roughly translated from Russian and Greek as \"sailor of the universe\". Although he had the ability to take over manual control of his spacecraft in an emergency by opening an envelope he had in the cabin that contained a code that could be typed into the computer, it was flown in an automatic mode as a precaution; medical science at that time did not know what would happen to a human in the weightlessness of space. Vostok 1 orbited the Earth for 108 minutes and made its reentry over the Soviet Union, with Gagarin ejecting from the spacecraft at 7,000 meters (23,000 ft), and landing by parachute. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (International Federation of Aeronautics) credited Gagarin with the world's first human space flight, although their qualifying rules for aeronautical records at the time required pilots to take off and land with their craft. For this reason, the Soviet Union omitted from their FAI submission the fact that Gagarin did not land with his capsule. When the FAI filing for Gherman Titov's second Vostok flight in August 1961 disclosed the ejection landing technique, the FAI committee decided to investigate, and concluded that the technological accomplishment of human spaceflight lay in the safe launch, orbiting, and return, rather than the manner of landing, and so revised their rules accordingly, keeping Gagarin's and Titov's records intact.\nQuestion: The first ship to carry a human through space was called what? Answer:", "completion": "Vostok 1"}
{"id": "56ccf12b62d2951400fa64f4", "answers": {"text": ["a non-Chinese polity"], "answer_start": [846]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Columbia Encyclopedia distinguishes between the Yuan dynasty and the other Mongol Empire khanates of Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde. It describes the Yuan dynasty as \"A Mongol dynasty of China that ruled from 1271 to 1368, and a division of the great empire conquered by the Mongols. Founded by Kublai Khan, who adopted the Chinese dynastic name of Yüan in 1271.\" The Encyclopedia Americana describes the Yuan dynasty as \"the line of Mongol rulers in China\" and adds that the Mongols \"proclaimed a Chinese-style Yüan dynasty at Khanbaliq (Beijing).\" The Metropolitan Museum of Art writes that the Mongol rulers of the Yuan dynasty \"adopted Chinese political and cultural models; ruling from their capitals in Dadu, they assumed the role of Chinese emperors,\" although Tibetologist Thomas Laird dismissed the Yuan dynasty as a non-Chinese polity and plays down its Chinese characteristics. The Metropolitan Museum of Art also noted that in spite of the gradual assimilation of Yuan monarchs, the Mongol rulers largely ignored the literati and imposed harsh policies discriminating against southern Chinese. In his Kublai Khan: His Life and Times, Rossabi explains that Kublai \"created government institutions that either resembled or were the same as the traditional Chinese ones\", and he \"wished to signal to the Chinese that he intended to adopt the trappings and style of a Chinese ruler\".\nQuestion: What did Thomas Laird dismiss the Yuan dynasty as? Answer:", "completion": "a non-Chinese polity"}
{"id": "56fa413bf34c681400b0c032", "answers": {"text": ["oxygen"], "answer_start": [102]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The chemical composition of wood varies from species to species, but is approximately 50% carbon, 42% oxygen, 6% hydrogen, 1% nitrogen, and 1% other elements (mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and manganese) by weight. Wood also contains sulfur, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and other elements in small quantity.\nQuestion: Which element in wood composes about 42% of its weight? Answer:", "completion": "oxygen"}
{"id": "572970003f37b319004783b5", "answers": {"text": ["Public policy"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Public policy determines the extent to which renewable energy (RE) is to be incorporated into a developed or developing country's generation mix. Energy sector regulators implement that policy—thus affecting the pace and pattern of RE investments and connections to the grid. Energy regulators often have authority to carry out a number of functions that have implications for the financial feasibility of renewable energy projects. Such functions include issuing licenses, setting performance standards, monitoring the performance of regulated firms, determining the price level and structure of tariffs, establishing uniform systems of accounts, arbitrating stakeholder disputes (like interconnection cost allocations), performing management audits, developing agency human resources (expertise), reporting sector and commission activities to government authorities, and coordinating decisions with other government agencies. Thus, regulators make a wide range of decisions that affect the financial outcomes associated with RE investments. In addition, the sector regulator is in a position to give advice to the government regarding the full implications of focusing on climate change or energy security. The energy sector regulator is the natural advocate for efficiency and cost-containment throughout the process of designing and implementing RE policies. Since policies are not self-implementing, energy sector regulators become a key facilitator (or blocker) of renewable energy investments.\nQuestion: What determines the extent to which renewable energy is to be incorporated into a country's generation mix? Answer:", "completion": "Public policy"}
{"id": "56ce4d2baab44d1400b88692", "answers": {"text": ["Güshi Khan"], "answer_start": [35]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Soon after the victory in Ü-Tsang, Güshi Khan organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso once he arrived a day's ride from Shigatse, presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama. In a second ceremony held within the main hall of the Shigatse fortress, Güshi Khan enthroned the Dalai Lama as the ruler of Tibet, but conferred the actual governing authority to the regent Sonam Chöpel. Although Güshi Khan had granted the Dalai Lama \"supreme authority\" as Goldstein writes, the title of 'King of Tibet' was conferred upon Güshi Khan, spending his summers in pastures north of Lhasa and occupying Lhasa each winter. Van Praag writes that at this point Güshi Khan maintained control over the armed forces, but accepted his inferior status towards the Dalai Lama. Rawski writes that the Dalai Lama shared power with his regent and Güshi Khan during his early secular and religious reign. However, Rawski states that he eventually \"expanded his own authority by presenting himself as Avalokiteśvara through the performance of rituals,\" by building the Potala Palace and other structures on traditional religious sites, and by emphasizing lineage reincarnation through written biographies. Goldstein states that the government of Güshi Khan and the Dalai Lama persecuted the Karma Kagyu sect, confiscated their wealth and property, and even converted their monasteries into Gelug monasteries. Rawski writes that this Mongol patronage allowed the Gelugpas to dominate the rival religious sects in Tibet.\nQuestion: The title of 'King of Tibet belonged to whom? Answer:", "completion": "Güshi Khan"}
{"id": "573195dbe6313a140071d0e4", "answers": {"text": ["treason"], "answer_start": [741]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the wake of the Republic's collapse, state religion had adapted to support the new regime of the emperors. Augustus, the first Roman emperor, justified the novelty of one-man rule with a vast program of religious revivalism and reform. Public vows formerly made for the security of the republic now were directed at the wellbeing of the emperor. So-called \"emperor worship\" expanded on a grand scale the traditional Roman veneration of the ancestral dead and of the Genius, the divine tutelary of every individual. Imperial cult became one of the major ways in which Rome advertised its presence in the provinces and cultivated shared cultural identity and loyalty throughout the Empire. Rejection of the state religion was tantamount to treason. This was the context for Rome's conflict with Christianity, which Romans variously regarded as a form of atheism and novel superstitio.\nQuestion: As what during the time of the Roman empire was rejection of the state religion viewed? Answer:", "completion": "treason"}
{"id": "5733f8154776f419006615f1", "answers": {"text": ["Sindh"], "answer_start": [391]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province in terms of land area at 205,344 km2 (79,284 sq mi), after Balochistan, and is located at the north western edge of the geologic Indian plate in South Asia. The province is bordered by Kashmir (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, India) to the northeast, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the south, the province of Balochistan to the southwest, the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and the Islamabad Capital Territory to the north.\nQuestion: What Pakistani province is south of Punjab? Answer:", "completion": "Sindh"}
{"id": "5726909f5951b619008f76c4", "answers": {"text": ["53%"], "answer_start": [280]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 2011, it became apparent that the bail-out would be insufficient and a second bail-out amounting to €130 billion ($173 billion) was agreed in 2012, subject to strict conditions, including financial reforms and further austerity measures. As part of the deal, there was to be a 53% reduction in the Greek debt burden to private creditors and any profits made by Eurozone central banks on their holdings of Greek debt are to be repatriated back to Greece. Greece achieved a primary government budget surplus in 2013. In April 2014, Greece returned to the global bond market as it successfully sold €3 billion worth of five-year government bonds at a yield of 4.95%. Greece returned to growth after six years of economic decline in the second quarter of 2014, and was the Eurozone's fastest-growing economy in the third quarter.\nQuestion: How much debt to creditors was Greece suppose to reduce? Answer:", "completion": "53%"}
{"id": "5728292e2ca10214002d9f93", "answers": {"text": ["federalism\" is situated in the middle of the political spectrum between a confederacy and a unitary state"], "answer_start": [402]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the United States, federalism originally referred to belief in a stronger central government. When the U.S. Constitution was being drafted, the Federalist Party supported a stronger central government, while \"Anti-Federalists\" wanted a weaker central government. This is very different from the modern usage of \"federalism\" in Europe and the United States. The distinction stems from the fact that \"federalism\" is situated in the middle of the political spectrum between a confederacy and a unitary state. The U.S. Constitution was written as a reaction to the Articles of Confederation, under which the United States was a loose confederation with a weak central government.\nQuestion: On the political spectrum, where does federalism stand? Answer:", "completion": "federalism\" is situated in the middle of the political spectrum between a confederacy and a unitary state"}
{"id": "572ec84603f9891900756a14", "answers": {"text": ["musicians and visual artists alike"], "answer_start": [647]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the early 1980s, Downtown Manhattan's no wave scene transitioned from its abrasive origins into a more dance-oriented sound, with compilations such as ZE's Mutant Disco (1981) highlighting a newly playful sensibility borne out of the city's clash of hip hop, disco and punk styles, as well as dub reggae and world music influences. Artists such as Liquid Liquid, the B-52s, Cristina, Arthur Russell, James White and the Blacks and Lizzy Mercier Descloux pursued a formula described by Luc Sante as \"anything at all + disco bottom\". The decadent parties and art installations of venues such as Club 57 and the Mudd Club became cultural hubs for musicians and visual artists alike, with figures such as Jean-Michel Basquiat, Keith Haring and Michael Holman frequenting the scene. Other no wave-indebted groups such as Swans, Glenn Branca, the Lounge Lizards, Bush Tetras and Sonic Youth instead continued exploring the early scene's forays into noise and more abrasive territory.\nQuestion: Who did the venues because cultural hubs for? Answer:", "completion": "musicians and visual artists alike"}
{"id": "5705ffff75f01819005e7856", "answers": {"text": ["political censorship"], "answer_start": [134]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Robert Fisk, seven times British International Journalist of the Year, resigned as foreign correspondent in 1988 over what he saw as \"political censorship\" of his article on the shooting-down of Iran Air Flight 655 in July 1988. He wrote in detail about his reasons for resigning from the paper due to meddling with his stories, and the paper's pro-Israel stance.\nQuestion: The foreign correspondent for The Times who resigned in 1988, resigned for what reason? Answer:", "completion": "political censorship"}
{"id": "5725dd19ec44d21400f3d6e4", "answers": {"text": ["1992"], "answer_start": [367]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first eleven seasons at the club, although on no occasion were they able to retain the title. As of July 2013, they were one of only five teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, and Manchester City, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992. Arsenal had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London in the competition's fifty-year history to reach the final, in which they were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona. In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury.\nQuestion: In what year was the Premier League created? Answer:", "completion": "1992"}
{"id": "56e15993cd28a01900c67805", "answers": {"text": ["the North End"], "answer_start": [226]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: There are several major annual events such as First Night, which occurs on New Year's Eve, the Boston Early Music Festival, the annual Boston Arts Festival at Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park, and Italian summer feasts in the North End honoring Catholic saints. The city is the site of several events during the Fourth of July period. They include the week-long Harborfest festivities and a Boston Pops concert accompanied by fireworks on the banks of the Charles River.\nQuestion: Where are Italian Summer feasts held? Answer:", "completion": "the North End"}
{"id": "570d80d7fed7b91900d461db", "answers": {"text": ["one hundred hours"], "answer_start": [768]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: By 1989 Germany was nearing reunification and the Cold War was coming to a close. Army leadership reacted by starting to plan for a reduction in strength. By November 1989 Pentagon briefers were laying out plans to reduce army end strength by 23%, from 750,000 to 580,000. A number of incentives such as early retirement were used. In 1990 Iraq invaded its smaller neighbor, Kuwait, and U.S. land forces, quickly deployed to assure the protection of Saudi Arabia. In January 1991 Operation Desert Storm commenced, a U.S.-led coalition which deployed over 500,000 troops, the bulk of them from U.S. Army formations, to drive out Iraqi forces. The campaign ended in total victory, as Western coalition forces routed the Iraqi Army, organized along Soviet lines, in just one hundred hours.\nQuestion: How long did Operation Desert Storm last? Answer:", "completion": "one hundred hours"}
{"id": "57270c73f1498d1400e8f29d", "answers": {"text": ["excess electric fields"], "answer_start": [258]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: For maximum life, capacitors usually need to be able to handle the maximum amount of reversal that a system will experience. An AC circuit will experience 100% voltage reversal, while under-damped DC circuits will experience less than 100%. Reversal creates excess electric fields in the dielectric, causes excess heating of both the dielectric and the conductors, and can dramatically shorten the life expectancy of the capacitor. Reversal ratings will often affect the design considerations for the capacitor, from the choice of dielectric materials and voltage ratings to the types of internal connections used.\nQuestion: What does voltage reversal create in the dielectric of a capacitor? Answer:", "completion": "excess electric fields"}
{"id": "5727323c708984140094dad2", "answers": {"text": ["2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911"], "answer_start": [110]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Winners receive the FA Cup trophy, of which there have been two designs and five actual cups; the latest is a 2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911. Winners also qualify for European football and a place in the FA Community Shield match. Arsenal are the current holders, having beaten Aston Villa 4–0 in the 2015 final to win the cup for the second year in a row. It was their 12th FA Cup title overall, making Arsenal the FA Cup's most successful club ahead of Manchester United on 11.\nQuestion: When was the latest design intoduced? Answer:", "completion": "2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911"}
{"id": "572685275951b619008f7557", "answers": {"text": ["Michael Foot"], "answer_start": [226]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: These years included what was called \"spectacularly malicious coverage\" of the Labour Party by The Sun and other newspapers. During the general election of 1983 The Sun ran a front page featuring an unflattering photograph of Michael Foot, then aged almost 70, claiming he was unfit to be Prime Minister on grounds of his age, appearance and policies, alongside the headline \"Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain?\" A year later, in 1984, The Sun made clear its enthusiastic support for the re-election of Ronald Reagan as president in the USA. Reagan was two weeks off his 74th birthday when he started his second term, in January 1985.\nQuestion: Who did The Sun say was not fit to be Prime Minister in 1983? Answer:", "completion": "Michael Foot"}
{"id": "5726bffb5951b619008f7d2e", "answers": {"text": ["1911"], "answer_start": [133]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Kingdom of Nri of the Igbo people consolidated in the 10th century and continued until it lost its sovereignty to the British in 1911. Nri was ruled by the Eze Nri, and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture. Nri and Aguleri, where the Igbo creation myth originates, are in the territory of the Umeuri clan. Members of the clan trace their lineages back to the patriarchal king-figure Eri. In West Africa, the oldest bronzes made using the lost-wax process were from Igbo Ukwu, a city under Nri influence.\nQuestion: When was Nri taken over by the British? Answer:", "completion": "1911"}
{"id": "57295a38af94a219006aa308", "answers": {"text": ["trance"], "answer_start": [150]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: As of 2008[update], Germany is the fourth largest music market in the world and has exerted a strong influence on Dance and Rock music, and pioneered trance music. Artists such as Herbert Grönemeyer, Scorpions, Rammstein, Nena, Dieter Bohlen, Tokio Hotel and Modern Talking have enjoyed international fame. German musicians and, particularly, the pioneering bands Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk have also contributed to the development of electronic music. Germany hosts many large rock music festivals annually. The Rock am Ring festival is the largest music festival in Germany, and among the largest in the world. German artists also make up a large percentage of Industrial music acts, which is called Neue Deutsche Härte. Germany hosts some of the largest Goth scenes and festivals in the entire world, with events like Wave-Gothic-Treffen and M'era Luna Festival easily attracting up to 30,000 people. Amongst Germany's famous artists there are various Dutch entertainers, such as Johannes Heesters.\nQuestion: What type of music was pioneered in Germany? Answer:", "completion": "trance"}
{"id": "573233c1b9d445190005e8c1", "answers": {"text": ["Nicene Creed"], "answer_start": [453]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: At the time, there were many varying opinions about Christian doctrine, and no centralized way of enforcing orthodoxy. Constantine called all the Christian bishops throughout the Roman Empire to a meeting, and some 318 bishops (very few from the Western Empire) attended the First Council of Nicaea. The purpose of this meeting was to define Christian orthodoxy and clearly differentiate it from Christian heresies. The meeting reached consensus on the Nicene Creed and other statements. Later, Philostorgius criticized Christians who offered sacrifice at statues of the divus Constantine. Constantine nevertheless took great pains to assuage traditionalist and Christian anxieties.\nQuestion: What agreement was reached a the Council of Nicaea ? Answer:", "completion": "Nicene Creed"}
{"id": "57070a329e06ca38007e92e5", "answers": {"text": ["Gutierrez"], "answer_start": [70]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: At a convention of citizens called to select a new provisional ruler, Gutierrez obtained the vote, with P. J. Escalante for his deputy, and a council to guide the administration. Santa Anna ordered the reinstatement of Mendarozqueta as comandante general. Gutiérrez yielded, but Escalante refused to surrender office, demonstrations of support ensued, but Escalante yielded when troops were summoned from Zacatecas. A new election brought a new legislature, and conforming governors. In September 1835 José Urrea a federalist army officer came into power.\nQuestion: Who had actually won the original vote? Answer:", "completion": "Gutierrez"}
{"id": "5726da40f1498d1400e8ed32", "answers": {"text": ["17th"], "answer_start": [850]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Queen are one of the most bootlegged bands ever, according to Nick Weymouth, who manages the band's official website. A 2001 survey discovered the existence of 12,225 websites dedicated to Queen bootlegs, the highest number for any band. Bootleg recordings have contributed to the band's popularity in certain countries where Western music is censored, such as Iran. In a project called Queen: The Top 100 Bootlegs, many of these have been made officially available to download for a nominal fee from Queen's website, with profits going to the Mercury Phoenix Trust. Rolling Stone ranked Queen at number 52 on its list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\", while ranking Mercury the 18th greatest singer, and May the twenty-sixth greatest guitarist. Queen were named 13th on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock list, and in 2010 were ranked 17th on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list. In 2012, Gigwise readers named Queen the best band of past 60 years.\nQuestion: In 2010 VH1 ranked Queen at what number on their Greatest Artist of All Time List? Answer:", "completion": "17th"}
{"id": "573166c9e6313a140071ceec", "answers": {"text": ["Abdel Fattah el-Sisi"], "answer_start": [315]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: On 18 January 2014, the interim government instituted a new constitution following a referendum in which 98.1% of voters were supportive. Participation was low with only 38.6% of registered voters participating although this was higher than the 33% who voted in a referendum during Morsi's tenure. On 26 March 2014 Abdel Fattah el-Sisi the head of the Egyptian Armed Forces, who at this time was in control of the country, resigned from the military, announcing he would stand as a candidate in the 2014 presidential election. The poll, held between 26 and 28 May 2014, resulted in a landslide victory for el-Sisi. Sisi was sworn into office as President of Egypt on 8 June 2014. The Muslim Brotherhood and some liberal and secular activist groups boycotted the vote. Even though the military-backed authorities extended voting to a third day, the 46% turnout was lower than the 52% turnout in the 2012 election.\nQuestion: Who was elected President in 2014? Answer:", "completion": "Abdel Fattah el-Sisi"}
{"id": "572c022a750c471900ed4c7a", "answers": {"text": ["Union"], "answer_start": [83]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Many major battles of the American Civil War were fought in Tennessee—most of them Union victories. Ulysses S. Grant and the U.S. Navy captured control of the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers in February 1862. They held off the Confederate counterattack at Shiloh in April. Memphis fell to the Union in June, following a naval battle on the Mississippi River in front of the city. The Capture of Memphis and Nashville gave the Union control of the western and middle sections; this control was confirmed at the Battle of Murfreesboro in early January 1863 and by the subsequent Tullahoma Campaign.\nQuestion: Which side won more Civil War battles in Tennessee? Answer:", "completion": "Union"}
{"id": "57310107a5e9cc1400cdbb87", "answers": {"text": ["Community Training Centres"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Community Training Centres (CTCs) have been established within the primary schools on each atoll. The CTCs provide vocational training to students who do not progress beyond Class 8 because they failed the entry qualifications for secondary education. The CTCs offer training in basic carpentry, gardening and farming, sewing and cooking. At the end of their studies the graduates can apply to continue studies either at Motufoua Secondary School or the Tuvalu Maritime Training Institute (TMTI). Adults can also attend courses at the CTCs.\nQuestion: What type of school has Tuvalu set up on each atoll? Answer:", "completion": "Community Training Centres"}
{"id": "56d3772859d6e41400146498", "answers": {"text": ["David Cook"], "answer_start": [124]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: For the finals, American Idol debuted a new state-of-the-art set and stage on March 11, 2008, along with a new on-air look. David Cook's performance of \"Billie Jean\" on top-ten night was lauded by the judges, but provoked controversy when they apparently mistook the Chris Cornell arrangement to be David Cook's own even though the performance was introduced as Cornell's version. Cornell himself said he was 'flattered' and praised David Cook's performance. David Cook was taken to the hospital after the top-nine performance show due to heart palpitations and high blood pressure.\nQuestion: Which American Idol contestant was hospitalized after singing during the week of the top nine? Answer:", "completion": "David Cook"}
{"id": "570c29ffec8fbc190045bceb", "answers": {"text": ["FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records"], "answer_start": [409]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to notify the residents for several weeks afterwards. Under the PATRIOT Act's provisions, the FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records of those who are suspected of terrorism (something it had supposedly not done since the 1970s).\nQuestion: Could the FBI inquire into library records? Answer:", "completion": "FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records"}
{"id": "5727eef54b864d1900164059", "answers": {"text": ["Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording characteristics of many sources: various makers of \"home recordings\" readily available to the public, European recordings, lateral-cut transcriptions, and vertical-cut transcriptions. Efforts were started in 1942 to standardize within the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), later known as the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (NARTB). The NAB, among other items, issued recording standards in 1949 for laterally and vertically cut records, principally transcriptions. A number of 78 rpm record producers as well as early LP makers also cut their records to the NAB/NARTB lateral standard.\nQuestion: What was one issue of a lack of industry standards? Answer:", "completion": "Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording"}
{"id": "5719f73f10f8ca1400304ec0", "answers": {"text": ["half"], "answer_start": [113]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Seattle experiences its heaviest rainfall during the months of November, December and January, receiving roughly half of its annual rainfall (by volume) during this period. In late fall and early winter, atmospheric rivers (also known as \"Pineapple Express\" systems), strong frontal systems, and Pacific low pressure systems are common. Light rain & drizzle are the predominant forms of precipitation during the remainder of the year; for instance, on average, less than 1.6 in (41 mm) of rain falls in July and August combined when rain is rare. On occasion, Seattle experiences somewhat more significant weather events. One such event occurred on December 2–4, 2007, when sustained hurricane-force winds and widespread heavy rainfall associated with a strong Pineapple Express event occurred in the greater Puget Sound area and the western parts of Washington and Oregon. Precipitation totals exceeded 13.8 in (350 mm) in some areas with winds topping out at 209 km/h (130 mph) along coastal Oregon. It became the second wettest event in Seattle history when a little over 130 mm (5.1 in) of rain fell on Seattle in a 24-hour period. Lack of adaptation to the heavy rain contributed to five deaths and widespread flooding and damage.\nQuestion: What quantity of yearly rainfall does Seattle have during the winter? Answer:", "completion": "half"}
{"id": "5730c888aca1c71400fe5aba", "answers": {"text": ["Hewlett Packard (HP)"], "answer_start": [631]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The first commercial LEDs were commonly used as replacements for incandescent and neon indicator lamps, and in seven-segment displays, first in expensive equipment such as laboratory and electronics test equipment, then later in such appliances as TVs, radios, telephones, calculators, as well as watches (see list of signal uses). Until 1968, visible and infrared LEDs were extremely costly, in the order of US$200 per unit, and so had little practical use. The Monsanto Company was the first organization to mass-produce visible LEDs, using gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) in 1968 to produce red LEDs suitable for indicators. Hewlett Packard (HP) introduced LEDs in 1968, initially using GaAsP supplied by Monsanto. These red LEDs were bright enough only for use as indicators, as the light output was not enough to illuminate an area. Readouts in calculators were so small that plastic lenses were built over each digit to make them legible. Later, other colors became widely available and appeared in appliances and equipment. In the 1970s commercially successful LED devices at less than five cents each were produced by Fairchild Optoelectronics. These devices employed compound semiconductor chips fabricated with the planar process invented by Dr. Jean Hoerni at Fairchild Semiconductor. The combination of planar processing for chip fabrication and innovative packaging methods enabled the team at Fairchild led by optoelectronics pioneer Thomas Brandt to achieve the needed cost reductions. These methods continue to be used by LED producers.\nQuestion: What modern company introduced LEDs in 1968? Answer:", "completion": "Hewlett Packard (HP)"}
{"id": "5733ce494776f4190066129c", "answers": {"text": ["four"], "answer_start": [601]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdom in 1970, the People's Republic of China in 1983 (having replaced the Taiwan-based Republic of China on the UNSC in 1971), and the United States in 1988. This long delay in support for the Convention by the world's most powerful nations caused the Convention to languish for over four decades. Only in the 1990s did the international law on the crime of genocide begin to be enforced.\nQuestion: The delay in support by certain powerful members meant the Convention was largely powerless for over how many decades? Answer:", "completion": "four"}
{"id": "56f9e6119b226e1400dd15f5", "answers": {"text": ["had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth"], "answer_start": [299]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth for HDTV than the existing NTSC.\nQuestion: What was one of the requirements for a new standard system in the US? Answer:", "completion": "had to be more efficient, needing less bandwidth"}
{"id": "56cedf2faab44d1400b88b9d", "answers": {"text": ["black and white"], "answer_start": [43]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Many websites converted their home page to black and white; Sina.com and Sohu, major internet portals, limited their homepages to news items and removed all advertisements. Chinese video sharing websites Youku and Tudou displayed a black background and placed multiple videos showing earthquake footage and news reports. The Chinese version of MSN, cn.msn.com, also displayed banner ads about the earthquake and the relief efforts. Other entertainment websites, including various gaming sites, such as the Chinese servers for World of Warcraft, had shut down altogether, or had corresponding links to earthquake donations. After the moments of silence, in Tiananmen Square, crowds spontaneously burst out cheering various slogans, including \"Long Live China\". Casinos in Macau closed down.\nQuestion: What colors did many websites convert their home pages to? Answer:", "completion": "black and white"}
{"id": "572f52b1947a6a140053c879", "answers": {"text": ["DGSE"], "answer_start": [486]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The role and functions of the CIA are roughly equivalent to those of the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (the SIS or MI6), the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS), the Egyptian General Intelligence Service, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki) (SVR), the Indian Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), the French foreign intelligence service Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure (DGSE) and Israel's Mossad. While the preceding agencies both collect and analyze information, some like the U.S. State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research are purely analytical agencies.[citation needed]\nQuestion: What is the acronym for French's intelligence service? Answer:", "completion": "DGSE"}
{"id": "570712c99e06ca38007e939b", "answers": {"text": ["75%"], "answer_start": [67]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In the US, African Americans, who include multiracial people, earn 75% of what white people earn. In Brazil, people of color earn less than 50% of what whites earn. Some have posited that the facts of lower socioeconomic status for people of color suggest that Brazil practices a kind of one-drop rule, or discrimination against people who are not visibly European in ancestry. The gap in income between blacks and other non-whites is relatively small compared to the large gap between whites and all people of color. Other social factors, such as illiteracy and education levels, show the same patterns of disadvantage for people of color. Some commentators observe that the United States practice of segregation and white supremacy in the South, and discrimination in many areas outside that region, forced many African Americans to unite in the civil rights struggle. They suggest that the fluid nature of race in Brazil has divided individuals of African descent, between those with more or less ancestry. As a result, they have not united for a stronger civil rights movement.[citation needed]\nQuestion: In the US, how much of what white people earn, do blacks earn? Answer:", "completion": "75%"}
{"id": "572f7697a23a5019007fc64c", "answers": {"text": ["Operation Polo"], "answer_start": [392]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: After India gained independence, the Nizam declared his intention to remain independent rather than become part of the Indian Union. The Hyderabad State Congress, with the support of the Indian National Congress and the Communist Party of India, began agitating against Nizam VII in 1948. On 17 September that year, the Indian Army took control of Hyderabad State after an invasion codenamed Operation Polo. With the defeat of his forces, Nizam VII capitulated to the Indian Union by signing an Instrument of Accession, which made him the Rajpramukh (Princely Governor) of the state until 31 October 1956. Between 1946 and 1951, the Communist Party of India fomented the Telangana uprising against the feudal lords of the Telangana region. The Constitution of India, which became effective on 26 January 1950, made Hyderabad State one of the part B states of India, with Hyderabad city continuing to be the capital. In his 1955 report Thoughts on Linguistic States, B. R. Ambedkar, then chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution, proposed designating the city of Hyderabad as the second capital of India because of its amenities and strategic central location. Since 1956, the Rashtrapati Nilayam in Hyderabad has been the second official residence and business office of the President of India; the President stays once a year in winter and conducts official business particularly relating to Southern India.\nQuestion: What was the code name for the Indian Army invasion of Hyderabad? Answer:", "completion": "Operation Polo"}
{"id": "5730260904bcaa1900d77230", "answers": {"text": ["Caesar"], "answer_start": [0]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Caesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 BC. The assassination was led by Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus. Most of the conspirators were senators, who had a variety of economic, political, or personal motivations for carrying out the assassination. Many were afraid that Caesar would soon resurrect the monarchy and declare himself king. Others feared loss of property or prestige as Caesar carried out his land reforms in favor of the landless classes. Virtually all the conspirators fled the city after Caesar's death in fear of retaliation. The civil war that followed destroyed what was left of the Republic.\nQuestion: Who did Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus lead the conspiracy against? Answer:", "completion": "Caesar"}
{"id": "5727d747ff5b5019007d96b0", "answers": {"text": ["democracy and human rights"], "answer_start": [458]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to commercial matters or will spill into other areas as well, and if so whether that spillover will enhance prospects for related values such as democracy and human rights. The rule of law in China has been widely discussed and debated by both legal scholars and politicians in China.\nQuestion: What values might adherence to the rule of law subsequently influence in China? Answer:", "completion": "democracy and human rights"}
{"id": "570c26fa6b8089140040fb91", "answers": {"text": ["White Slave Traffic Act"], "answer_start": [129]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The bureau's first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing the \"White Slave Traffic Act,\" or Mann Act, passed on June 25, 1910. In 1932, it was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition and rechristened the Division of Investigation (DOI) before finally becoming an independent service within the Department of Justice in 1935. In the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI.\nQuestion: What act was the bureau initially tasked with enforcing? Answer:", "completion": "White Slave Traffic Act"}
{"id": "56f8a7409b226e1400dd0d5f", "answers": {"text": ["horizontal gene transfer"], "answer_start": [572]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) typically store their genomes on a single large, circular chromosome. Similarly, some eukaryotic organelles contain a remnant circular chromosome with a small number of genes.:14.4 Prokaryotes sometimes supplement their chromosome with additional small circles of DNA called plasmids, which usually encode only a few genes and are transferable between individuals. For example, the genes for antibiotic resistance are usually encoded on bacterial plasmids and can be passed between individual cells, even those of different species, via horizontal gene transfer.\nQuestion: What allows genes for antibiotic resistance to be passed between individual cells? Answer:", "completion": "horizontal gene transfer"}
{"id": "56bf79c73aeaaa14008c9670", "answers": {"text": ["Elektra Records"], "answer_start": [918]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: At age eight, Beyoncé and childhood friend Kelly Rowland met LaTavia Roberson while in an audition for an all-girl entertainment group. They were placed into a group with three other girls as Girl's Tyme, and rapped and danced on the talent show circuit in Houston. After seeing the group, R&B producer Arne Frager brought them to his Northern California studio and placed them in Star Search, the largest talent show on national TV at the time. Girl's Tyme failed to win, and Beyoncé later said the song they performed was not good. In 1995 Beyoncé's father resigned from his job to manage the group. The move reduced Beyoncé's family's income by half, and her parents were forced to move into separated apartments. Mathew cut the original line-up to four and the group continued performing as an opening act for other established R&B girl groups. The girls auditioned before record labels and were finally signed to Elektra Records, moving to Atlanta Records briefly to work on their first recording, only to be cut by the company. This put further strain on the family, and Beyoncé's parents separated. On October 5, 1995, Dwayne Wiggins's Grass Roots Entertainment signed the group. In 1996, the girls began recording their debut album under an agreement with Sony Music, the Knowles family reunited, and shortly after, the group got a contract with Columbia Records.\nQuestion: What record company first signed Beyonce's group and later cut them? Answer:", "completion": "Elektra Records"}
{"id": "570e5ffb0dc6ce1900204fc9", "answers": {"text": ["since 1888"], "answer_start": [227]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties representing Sanskrit characters in computer systems. These include Harvard-Kyoto and ITRANS, a transliteration scheme that is used widely on the Internet, especially in Usenet and in email, for considerations of speed of entry as well as rendering issues. With the wide availability of Unicode-aware web browsers, IAST has become common online. It is also possible to type using an alphanumeric keyboard and transliterate to Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support.\nQuestion: How long has IAST been the standard system used for transliteration of Sanskrit? Answer:", "completion": "since 1888"}
{"id": "56bed32f3aeaaa14008c94d1", "answers": {"text": ["Beyond Productions"], "answer_start": [408]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Beyoncé and her mother introduced House of Deréon, a contemporary women's fashion line, in 2005. The concept is inspired by three generations of women in their family, the name paying tribute to Beyoncé's grandmother, Agnèz Deréon, a respected seamstress. According to Tina, the overall style of the line best reflects her and Beyoncé's taste and style. Beyoncé and her mother founded their family's company Beyond Productions, which provides the licensing and brand management for House of Deréon, and its junior collection, Deréon. House of Deréon pieces were exhibited in Destiny's Child's shows and tours, during their Destiny Fulfilled era. The collection features sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories that include handbags and footwear, and are available at department and specialty stores across the US and Canada.\nQuestion: Beyonce's family's company name is what? Answer:", "completion": "Beyond Productions"}
{"id": "571cf2c5dd7acb1400e4c1be", "answers": {"text": ["diethylbarbituric acid"], "answer_start": [82]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: In 1903 Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering disclosed their discovery that diethylbarbituric acid, formed from the reaction of diethylmalonic acid, phosphorus oxychloride and urea, induces sleep in dogs. The discovery was patented and licensed to Bayer pharmaceuticals, which marketed the compound under the trade name Veronal as a sleep aid beginning in 1904. Systematic investigations of the effect of structural changes on potency and duration of action led to the discovery of phenobarbital at Bayer in 1911 and the discovery of its potent anti-epileptic activity in 1912. Phenobarbital was among the most widely used drugs for the treatment of epilepsy through the 1970s, and as of 2014, remains on the World Health Organizations list of essential medications. The 1950s and 1960s saw increased awareness of the addictive properties and abuse potential of barbiturates and amphetamines and led to increasing restrictions on their use and growing government oversight of prescribers. Today, amphetamine is largely restricted to use in the treatment of attention deficit disorder and phenobarbital in the treatment of epilepsy.\nQuestion: What compound was discovered to induce sleep? Answer:", "completion": "diethylbarbituric acid"}
{"id": "572812cd2ca10214002d9d4a", "answers": {"text": ["group homomorphisms"], "answer_start": [533]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: To understand groups beyond the level of mere symbolic manipulations as above, more structural concepts have to be employed.c[›] There is a conceptual principle underlying all of the following notions: to take advantage of the structure offered by groups (which sets, being \"structureless\", do not have), constructions related to groups have to be compatible with the group operation. This compatibility manifests itself in the following notions in various ways. For example, groups can be related to each other via functions called group homomorphisms. By the mentioned principle, they are required to respect the group structures in a precise sense. The structure of groups can also be understood by breaking them into pieces called subgroups and quotient groups. The principle of \"preserving structures\"—a recurring topic in mathematics throughout—is an instance of working in a category, in this case the category of groups.\nQuestion: What concept describes groups that can be related to each other via functions? Answer:", "completion": "group homomorphisms"}
{"id": "5726434238643c19005ad3ce", "answers": {"text": ["powerful"], "answer_start": [117]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice. Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was \"passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one\", and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure. Her coronation took place on 28 June 1838 at Westminster Abbey. Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations. She became the first sovereign to take up residence at Buckingham Palace and inherited the revenues of the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall as well as being granted a civil list allowance of £385,000 per year. Financially prudent, she paid off her father's debts.\nQuestion: What kind of influence was Melbourne to Victoria? Answer:", "completion": "powerful"}
{"id": "56dd328e66d3e219004dac50", "answers": {"text": ["cabinet"], "answer_start": [414]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet.\nQuestion: What did Margaret Thatcher reconfigure following each general election? Answer:", "completion": "cabinet"}
{"id": "56e87b7a0b45c0140094ccc3", "answers": {"text": ["46"], "answer_start": [1097]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The last regular election of the City Parliament was held on 25 November 2012 for the mandate period (German: Legislatur, French: la législature) from 2013 to 2016. Currently the City Parliament consist of 23 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS), 11 Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC), 8 Green Alliance of Berne (GB), 8 Grüne Freie Liste (GFL) (Green Free List), 7 The Liberals (FDP/PLR), 7 Conservative Democratic Party (BDP/PBD), 7 Green Liberal Party (GLP/PVL), 2 Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), 2 Evangelical People's Party (EVP/PEV), 1 Junge Alternative (JA!) (or Young Alternatives), 1 Grüne Partei Bern - Demokratische Alternative (GPB-DA) (or Green Party Bern - Democratic Alternative), 1 Swiss Party of Labour (PdA), 1 Alternative Linke Bern (AL) and finally one independent. The following parties combine their parliamentary power in parliamentary groups (German: Fraktion(en)): Independent and AL and GPB-DA and PdA (4), SP (23), GB and JA! (9), GFL and EVP (10), GLP (7), BDP and CVP (9), FDP (7), and SVP (11). This gives the left parties an absolute majority of 46 seats.\nQuestion: How many seats are there? Answer:", "completion": "46"}
{"id": "56e793cb37bdd419002c418b", "answers": {"text": ["3,349"], "answer_start": [261]}, "prompt": "Extract from the following context the minimal span word for word that best answers the question.\n- If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something not correct.\n- If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n- If the answer is not in the context, the answer should be \"?\".\n- Your answer should not include any other text than the answer to the question. Don't include any other text like \"Here is the answer to the question:\" or \"The minimal span word for word that best answers the question is:\" or anything like that.\n\nContext: The University of Kansas Medical Center features three schools: the School of Medicine, School of Nursing, and School of Health Professions. Furthermore, each of the three schools has its own programs of graduate study. As of the Fall 2013 semester, there were 3,349 students enrolled at KU Med. The Medical Center also offers four year instruction at the Wichita campus, and features a medical school campus in Salina, Kansas that is devoted to rural health care.\nQuestion: How many students attended the medical center at KU in fall of 2013? Answer:", "completion": "3,349"}