diff --git a/litellm/llms/prompt_templates/factory.py b/litellm/llms/prompt_templates/factory.py
index c51dc89be5..e1fa354c63 100644
--- a/litellm/llms/prompt_templates/factory.py
+++ b/litellm/llms/prompt_templates/factory.py
@@ -3,8 +3,14 @@ import requests, traceback
 import json, re, xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 from jinja2 import Template, exceptions, meta, BaseLoader
 from jinja2.sandbox import ImmutableSandboxedEnvironment
-from typing import Optional, Any
-from typing import List
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    MutableMapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+)
 import litellm
 
 
@@ -430,8 +436,10 @@ def format_prompt_togetherai(messages, prompt_format, chat_template):
         prompt = default_pt(messages)
     return prompt
 
+
 ### IBM Granite
 
+
 def ibm_granite_pt(messages: list):
     """
     IBM's Granite models uses the template:
@@ -440,23 +448,24 @@ def ibm_granite_pt(messages: list):
     See: https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/watsonx-as-a-service?topic=solutions-supported-foundation-models
     """
     return custom_prompt(
-        messages=messages, 
+        messages=messages,
         role_dict={
-            'system': {
-                'pre_message': '<|system|>\n',
-                'post_message': '\n',
+            "system": {
+                "pre_message": "<|system|>\n",
+                "post_message": "\n",
             },
-            'user': {
-                'pre_message': '<|user|>\n',
-                'post_message': '\n',
+            "user": {
+                "pre_message": "<|user|>\n",
+                "post_message": "\n",
             },
-            'assistant': {
-                'pre_message': '<|assistant|>\n',
-                'post_message': '\n',
-            }
-        }
+            "assistant": {
+                "pre_message": "<|assistant|>\n",
+                "post_message": "\n",
+            },
+        },
     ).strip()
 
+
 ### ANTHROPIC ###
 
 
@@ -1043,6 +1052,30 @@ def get_system_prompt(messages):
     return system_prompt, messages
 
 
+def convert_to_documents(
+    observations: Any,
+) -> List[MutableMapping]:
+    """Converts observations into a 'document' dict"""
+    documents: List[MutableMapping] = []
+    if isinstance(observations, str):
+        # strings are turned into a key/value pair and a key of 'output' is added.
+        observations = [{"output": observations}]
+    elif isinstance(observations, Mapping):
+        # single mappings are transformed into a list to simplify the rest of the code.
+        observations = [observations]
+    elif not isinstance(observations, Sequence):
+        # all other types are turned into a key/value pair within a list
+        observations = [{"output": observations}]
+
+    for doc in observations:
+        if not isinstance(doc, Mapping):
+            # types that aren't Mapping are turned into a key/value pair.
+            doc = {"output": doc}
+        documents.append(doc)
+
+    return documents
+
+
 def convert_openai_message_to_cohere_tool_result(message):
     """
     OpenAI message with a tool result looks like:
@@ -1084,7 +1117,7 @@ def convert_openai_message_to_cohere_tool_result(message):
             "parameters": {"location": "San Francisco, CA"},
             "generation_id": tool_call_id,
         },
-        "outputs": [content],
+        "outputs": convert_to_documents(content),
     }
     return cohere_tool_result
 
@@ -1097,7 +1130,7 @@ def cohere_message_pt(messages: list):
         if message["role"] == "tool":
             tool_result = convert_openai_message_to_cohere_tool_result(message)
             tool_results.append(tool_result)
-        else:
+        elif message.get("content"):
             prompt += message["content"] + "\n\n"
     prompt = prompt.rstrip()
     return prompt, tool_results
@@ -1396,9 +1429,18 @@ def prompt_factory(
             # https://llama.meta.com/docs/model-cards-and-prompt-formats/meta-llama-3/
             return custom_prompt(
                 role_dict={
-                    "system": {"pre_message": "<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>\n", "post_message": "<|eot_id|>"},
-                    "user": {"pre_message": "<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n", "post_message": "<|eot_id|>"},
-                    "assistant": {"pre_message": "<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n", "post_message": "<|eot_id|>"},
+                    "system": {
+                        "pre_message": "<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>\n",
+                        "post_message": "<|eot_id|>",
+                    },
+                    "user": {
+                        "pre_message": "<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n",
+                        "post_message": "<|eot_id|>",
+                    },
+                    "assistant": {
+                        "pre_message": "<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n",
+                        "post_message": "<|eot_id|>",
+                    },
                 },
                 messages=messages,
                 initial_prompt_value="<|begin_of_text|>",